Dyslexia ... Dyslexia muvana vechidiki vaduku. Dyslexia - kurapwa

Munyika kune zvirwere zvakasiyana siyana zvinogona kukura mune vose vakuru nevana. Hazvigoneki kutadza kuziva nezvevanhu vose. Ndicho chikonzero nei munyaya ino ndinoda kutaura nezvechinetso chakadai se dyslexia. Izvi ndizvo zvazviri, kuti zvinogona kuonekwa sei uye ndezvipi nzira dziripo pakurapa kwayo - ndizvo zvandinoda kukuudza pamusoro.

Nezve pfungwa

Kune vana vakadaro vanoverenga nokunyora nematambudziko makuru. Vana vakadaro vanowanzoonekwa semapenzi, asi hazvisi zvose zviri nyore. Ndiani anoziva, zvichida mwana ane dyslexia? Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ehutano chaihwo ehutachiona, hurema hwekudzidza, izvo zvingakanganisa kuona kwevadzidzi kwemashoko, nhamba, zviratidzo. Panguva imwecheteyo, yakaoma hainzwisisi uye inonzwisisa kuverenga, kunyora, masvomhu, iye anonyatsodzidza zvidzidzo zvedzidzo. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete, zvidzidzo zvemasayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti IQ muvana vakadaro kakawanda inopfuura yevhareji. Iwe unogona zvakare kuedza kungojekesa chirwere ichi. Muchiitiko ichi, dyslexia rudzi rwekukundikana muuropi hwomwana, iyo inomupfigira kuwana kune imwe shandisi (somuenzaniso, mazwi kana nhamba). Chikonzero nei izvi zvichiitika - ngativei kuedza kunzwisisa zvakare.

A bit of history

Chinofadza zvikuru ndechokuti izwi iri raishandiswa kushandiswa kure muna 1887 neOphthalmologist R. Berlin. Chiremba akatanga kutarisana nechinetso paakaongorora mukomana ainyatsonzwisisa. Akava nematambudziko makuru pakuverenga nokunyora, asi panguva imwechete mune dzimwe dzose mashizha evo murume uyu akaratidza mitezo inoshamisa. Izwi racho, maererano neBerlin, raireva kuratidza dambudziko apo, pane zvakaitika kumativi ose, mwana anotarisana nezvinetso nekuverenga nokunyora. Maererano nehuwandu hwemazuva ano, chirwere ichi hachizivikanwi nekunzwa pamusoro pe5-10% yevagari vose vepasi pano, uye inogadziriswa kakawanda pazera remakore 6-7. Kuvonga kweropa rake, kubvisa chirwere ichi hachisi nyore, zvinotora zvakasimba kubva kumwana, kushivirira kune rumwe rutivi rwevabereki uye, zvechokwadi, nguva yakawanda.

Dambudziko guru re dyslexics

Kuziva kuti dyslexia isingakwanise kunyatsoziva tsamba kana nhamba, zvakakosha kutaura zvishoma pamusoro pezvipi zvimwe zvinetso vana vane chirwere ichi vangatarisana nacho.

1. Vana vakadaro vanogona kuona dzimwe tsamba kana nhamba kumashure, vachizvishandura ivo pachavo uye vasingagoni kuverenga.
2. Dzimwe nguva kune vana vane chirwere ichi mutsara unogona "kutamba" pane peji, usapindira mumutsara wakarurama.
3. Uyewo, pangava nezvinetso nekusiyana pakati pezvinyorwa uye netsamba (semuenzaniso, "p" uye "b", 10 uye 01).
4. Kana mwana achigona kusiyanisa tsamba, zvinoitika kuti haagoni kuitaura mumutsara mumwe chete, ndiko kuti, neshoko.
5. Dambudziko rakawanda nderokuti mwana haayeuki mazwi aakaverenga. Nguva imwe neimwe yaanofanira kudzidza zvakare.
6. Kakawanda, vana ava havaoni mazwi, nokuda kwavo tsamba dzinonganganisa.
7. Uyewo vana vane dambudziko iri vanogona kuchinja mavara mumashoko (pane "kuyerwa" kuverengwa "zvose").
8. Uyewo, hazvishamisi kuti mwana anzwisise uye azive tsamba dzose, asi apo anoedza kuverenga shoko, ane dambudziko rakakomba, kushungurudzika, zvichida mucheche.

Zvinofanira kunzi kuti nezvose izvi masayendisiti anotaura kuti matambudziko ane maonero anoonekwa muvana vakadaro anenge asingamboiti (uye kana zvichiitika, hazvina kunyanya kuwanikwa). Mukuwedzera, urongwa uhwu hausi matambudziko ose anokwanisa kunge ane dyslexic. Vana vemakore akasiyana vane matambudziko akasiyana, uye sezvo mwana achikura, matambudziko anochinjawo uye anochinja.

Kurongwa

Kurongedza dyslexia - ndizvo zvinodawo kutaurwa munyaya ino. Saka, chirwere ichi chinogona kuenzaniswa nezvikwangwani zvakawanda.

1. Vana vane dysphonetic dyslexia havagoni kutaura mazwi, verenga. Izvi ndezvavo sechimwe chikwata chepachivande chakavanzika, icho nguva imwe neimwe inoda kuodzwa.
2. Vakomana vane disadethic dyslexia (iyo inogonawo kunzi Gestalt Blind Dyslexia) yeuka mashoko ane dambudziko guru, asi vangave vasingaoni kusiyana kwemashoko akafanana. Mushure mekunge vaverenga shoko pane imwe peji, vangave vasina kuverenga pane peji rinotevera.
3. Rudzi rwechitatu rwechirwere ichi rwunonyanya kuoma, uye zvakaoma kuti vana vakadaro vabatsire: ichisanganiswa chekutanga dyslexia.

Nezvemaonero

Zvinotarisirwa kuongororawo mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuita dyslexia dzinogona kukura muvana vechikoro.

1. Phonemic dyslexia. Uyu uri pasi pekuvandudzwa kwebasa redu phonemic system.
2. The agrammatical. Kudzokorora kana kukanganiswa kwe morpheme yeshoko.
3. Semantic dyslexia. Iko kupesana kwekunzwisisa kwezvakaverengwa nekuverenga zvakakwana zvakakwana nekududzira mazwi.
4. Optical. Dyslexia, iyo inobatanidza nehuwandu hwekuvandudzwa kwekuona basa.
5. Inoshamisa. Rudzi urwu dyslexia rwuri pachena mumatambudziko ekudzidza tsamba uye kunzwisisa ruyano pakati pavo.

Zvinokonzera chirwere chacho

Zvinokoshawo kuti uone kuti nei dyslexia inowanikwa kuvadzidzi vaduku. Saka, chikonzero chacho chingave chiremera chinowanikwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi. Izvi zvinogona kuitika semugumisiro wekushungurudzika (kunyange kungoerekana kushungurudzika musoro) kana kudarika kwekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yaunoda yeuropi. Chimwe chikonzero chisina kukosha, zvichienderana navanachiremba, izvo zvinogona kukonzera chirwere ichi muvana, ihwo hutano hwemamai nemucheche ari padanho rekusununguka kana kuberekwa pachako. Zvinokosha ndezvechokwadi chinotevera: maererano nemafungiro echiremba, anenge hafu yezviitiko zvechirwere ichi zvakaparidzirwa kuvana kuburikidza nenhaka kubva kuvabereki (chirwere ichi chinokanganisa vose varumekadzi, asi maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko, vakomana vane katatu kakawanda kupfuura vasikana). Zvisinei, vana ava havagoni kufungidzirwa kuti vakaremerwa mupfungwa kana kuti vashoma, havangagoni kujekesa mashoko akawanikwa kubva kunze. Panguva imwe chete, zvinetso hazvipo muhuropi hwose, asi mune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana.

Diagnostics

Ungati sei kana mwana ane chirwere ichi? Saka, kutaura kwevana vana maitiro ekurudzira vanokurudzira kuita chiitiko chakakosha chichabatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko uye kuziva kana mwana wacho ari kunyanya kuoma kana kuti achingosiya kumashure mukudzidzira nekudzidza nyaya. Kugadziriswa kunogonawo kuonekwa nemararamiro ekuongorora apo kune chidzidzo cheDDCDC2 gene rinokonzera chirwere chacho.

Nezvekurapa

Zvakadini kana mwana ane dyslexia? Kurapa nemishonga haisi nzira yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Mukuwedzera, sarudzo iyi yekubvisa dambudziko racho haigoni kukurudzira chero munhu, hapana mishonga yakadaro. Munyaya iyi, basa rakarurama rekururamisa rinodiwa. Vadzidzisi, vana vekutaura nemapurisa uye, zvechokwadi, nyanzvi dzakadzidziswa zvakakwana dzinogona kubatsira mune izvi. Saka, kushanda nevana vakadai kunogona kuitwa zvose mukirasi (mudzidzisi anofanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya mwana akadaro, izvo zvakadaro, zvakaoma zvikuru), kana mwana anofanira kutumirwa kushanda nevadzidzisi vakasiyana vanogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.

Zvirongwa zvakasiyana zvinogona kusanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushanda. Izvi zvinogona kuva maitiro eziso, izvo zvinogonawo kubatsira kubata nechirwere ichi. Zvisinei, kazhinji kacho nyaya dzose dzekuita dyslexia inorapwa mumwe nomumwe, purogiramu yakasarudzwa inosarudzwa uye yakagadzirirwa mwana, iyo inobatsira kutsungirira dambudziko iri kwaari. Kana zviratidzo zvechirwere zvisingaoni pakarepo uye dyslexia haigadziri, kurapwa kunofanira kuenderera mberi. Usakanda mapfumo pasi, uye chigumisiro chichaita kuti iwe pachako uchinzwe.