Diphtheria - chii? Zvinokonzera, zviratidzo, dziviriro

Mumwe zvakakura zvinotapukira - diphtheria nayo. Chii, inozivikanwa nevakawanda. chirwere ichi, icho chinobata vakuru nevana, zvakaoma kwete chete kubata, asiwo rokuongorora. Vaccination pamusoro diphtheria kunodiwa uye rwuripowo majekiseni anodzivirira purogiramu.

Pashure kuonana nezvevamwe utachiona mumuviri womunhu nokurasikirwa kwakamwe kamwe kukura chirwere. Diphtheria iri chenjera uye kunoda kurapwa pakarepo, zvimwe pangava chakakomba matambudziko.

Diphtheria. Chii uye chirwere ngozi chii?

In chirwere ichi kunokanganisa mucous membranes ari nasopharynx uye oropharynx. Uyezve, kukura vakawanda kudhaka, kunokanganisa huta uye zvemwoyo nehurongwa. Kuzvimba achabatsirwa nechitarisiko fibrin mafirimu, nowenyika makwapa akasvibirika chena. Diphtheria inogona benign zvakasikwa, pasina akaratidza kudhaka.

The ngozi ndechokuti chirwere ichi chinogona kuva asphyxia dokeriro, kufema muviri, chirwere myocarditis kana chakasimba adrenal insufficiency, iyo inotungamirira kurufu. Zvakadaro chirwere sezvo diphtheria majekiseni ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yokudzivirira, izvo kunotadzisa chirwere pacharo kana kwete, ipapo zvinenge matambudziko aro.

zvikonzero

Nayo utachiona - Bacillus Leffler, riri kuramba chaizvo kwokunze zvinofurira. Pasi pomureza ezvinhu, kutsiga anodzokororwa kwevhiki mbiri mvura kana mukaka - mavhiki matatu yakaderera tembiricha - inenge mwedzi mishanu. Panguva kubika kana kuiisa chlorine kubudiswa utachiona hwakakura kufa mukati miniti imwe.

Inogona utachiona kuenda neherikoputa mumate kubva murwere evanhu kana kubva utano inotakura diphtheria utachiona. Mushure neVadzidzi mucous membranes kunoitika nasopharyngeal diphtheria bacillus mheni kupararira. Izvi anosunungura exotoxin iyo propagates kuburikidza neropa, vakatsamwisa kuvadza mwoyo tsandanyama, adrenal, itsvo uye peripheral tsinga. Murwere ane fivha, uye refu akaramba. Dzimwe utachiona kunoitika kuburikidza zvemumba, zvokudya.

Susceptibility kusvika nayo utachiona chirwere chaizvo. Chikonzero ichi ndicho kusavapo kubaya, simba rokuzvidzivirira, hama kutsiga diphtheria bacillus kuti Kufurirwa nevamwe.

Types uye kosi

Zvichienderana nzvimbo, asangana diphtheria oropharynx, kufema turakiti, mhino. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki Muzviitiko, njodzi ziso, pabonde nhengo, ganda. Kana akarova ne miviri akawanda panguva imwe chete, zvino chimiro ichi chirwere rinonzi vasanganiswa.

Vakawanda chimiro chirwere ndiyo diphtheria oropharynx (anenge 95% nyaya). Pakutanga, tembiricha murwere anosimuka zvishoma, kunhonga zviratidzo kudhaka, pane kurwadza ari mapfundo mapfupa, nomusoro, utera, ganda rakachenuruka, ungaderedza kudya.

Diphtheria oropharynx iri mupasi, zvakajairika uye chepfu, hypertoxic.

Kakawanda hosha kunoitika ari mupasi (nyoro) chimiro. Pamusoro chinooneka rokuongorora pa kutanga iri dzakaonekwa chena unhani pamusoro tonsils unopinza mativi uye anotsvedzerera marongerwo mucosa ruvara rwakati piriviri kutsvuka. Kwapera nguva bheji racho anova pfumbu kana yellowish pfumbu. Hazvigoni kubviswa. Kana ukaedza kuzviita tweezers, chinoramba ropa ronda. Kurwadziwa huro kana pakuparadza kuitika.

Common muchimiro ishoma. Dzinoratidzwa ndechokuti bvuta zvakafukidzirwa kwete chete tonsils, asi palatal yokufeva, rurimi, pharynx, kuzvimba uye akatsvuka zvikuru raidudzwa kurwadziwa nemwero. Dombo inonyangarika mavhiki anenge maviri.

Kana hunokachidza chimiro chinhu nokukurumidza kuwedzera kupisa kusvika 39,5-41 ° C, kukura nhengo kudhaka zviratidzo inomuka marwadzo mudumbu, yakanyanya nomusoro, hope, lethargy, kuzvimba zvaparadzwa nhengo, hapana ganda. The mutauro unogona kuwanikwa chena unhani. With kukura chirwere rinowanika kuhukura chikosoro, nokuda laryngeal edema murwere zvakaoma kufema, pane kurasikirwa izwi.

For hypertoxic chimiro dzinoratidzwa zvikuru zviratidzo kudhaka. Murume azheuka. Kana kurapwa haina zvakatanga munguva, zvingaita kuti rufu. Kukundikana kweropa ezvinhu kunoitika, mumwe mapundu anooneka pasi muviri, ropa riri mucous membranes ari nemudumbu.

diphtheria croup

Diphtheria (true) nechipiriso inogona vemunyika uye kwakapararira. The kwokuomerwa hosha kunoenderana mwero kufema insufficiency.

Zviratidzo diphtheria of dokeriro kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma. In catarrhal nguva, murwere ane shoshoma inzwi, kuhukura chikosoro, zvishoma fivha. Pashure imwe kana maviri mazuva kuipa chikosoro, kufema zvakaoma, panguva inspiratory muridzo inzwi.

Munguva chechipiri nguva - stenotic, murwere anotambura Zvikamu pamusoro spasmodic chikosoro kuti kunotora 2 kusvika 30 maminitsi. Munhu anova cyanotic, kwakaratidzwa pallor pamusoro nasolabial Triangle, vakawedzera vangadikitira.

Shure iyi kunoitika asphyxial, vaine hope, lethargy, pallor ganda, kugwinha, pasi BP. Kana murwere haisi nguva kupa mishonga, rufu kunoitika.

chimiro ichi diphtheria vanotambura vaduku, vakwegura uye vanhu vane simba kutapata, izvo zviri kukonzerwa doro, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri.

diphtheria mhino

Ichi chimiro chirwere haisi kuoma zvakadaro. It kunoratidzwa nechitarisiko purulent rhinitis, nasal mucosa wakafukidzwa maronda, kubata, wakazara chiso munzvimbo pamatama uye maziso. Temperature kana mune kuipa siyana kana zvishoma akakwidziridzwa, hapana kudhaka. The nharaunda yakapoteredza mhino unotsamwira, zvinoita sokuti manyoro uye Crisp. Kana ane muchetura chimiro chirwere rukazara subcutaneous zvinyama pamatama uye mitsipa.

diphtheria ziso

Ichi chimiro chirwere chinogona kuvhiringidzwa zvavo conjunctivitis. Nokuti chirwere hwokuratidza akatsvuka uye munyoro mumatenhere conjunctiva remakore. Kana pane zvishomanana catarrhal fomu serosuppurative discharges. Kana membranous chimiro pamusoro conjunctiva kuonekwa ndachena chena mafirimu kuti anonetsa kubviswa, tembiricha rakakwirira zvishoma. Hunokachidza muforoma ane rikwanise Pazvinotanga. Namafungiro kuzvimba, pane yavaive sukrovichno-purulent hunhu. Zvikamu ganda akapoteredza Meso ashatirwa uye kuva dzanyorova, cellulose unozvimba kumativi ziso nezvigadziko.

Diphtheria ganda, nhengo nyadzi, nzeve

Kwakadaro siyana diphtheria hadziwanzowaniki uye kazhinji kuva revatema pamwe nezvimwe chirwere. dzakasiyana zvose izvi dzinowanzotaurwa kuratidzirwa chirwere ichi: kuzvimba, akatsvuka ganda uye mucous membranes, fibrinous unhani pamusoro Munzvimbo iyi, zvomoto uye chinorwadza remunharaunda node nodes.

Kana diphtheria munhurume sikarudzi pathological muitiro iri kusimbiswa chikanda chepamberi. Vakadzi, zvinogona kuparadzira kusvika perineum, horo, nyinyo uye kubatwa labia. Panguva iyoyowo kungaita serous kubuda ropa. Kuomerwa vanhurume, zvinova kunorwadza.

In diphtheria ganda pathological kwacho anova munzvimbo iri iyo yakaomerera intertrigo, maronda, eczema kana chakuvhe. Rinooneka inetsvina pfumbu unhani paganda, uye serous-purulent buditsa. General kudhaka haina kuchengetwa.

Yoga zvinogoneka yokusarudzira chimiro chirwere ndiye Hemorrhagic diphtheria. Chii? In fomu ichi pane ropa Munzvimbo iyi. Kuti kurapwa rakabudirira, zvakakosha kuona kuti ichi ndicho chiratidzo diphtheria kana kwakajairika mudziyo kunotevera. Kuti aite izvi unofanira kuteerera ezvinhu omurwere uye kuvapo zvimwe zviratidzo.

Diagnostics

Pahwaro kutarisana vaongo- nokuvapo mafirimu zvakananga, kupfupika mweya ine muridzo ruzha iri femero, kuhukura chikosoro nechirwere "diphtheria". Chirwere anowedzera nzira uye ongororo zvinoshandiswa kuziva chaizvo utachiona rokuongorora atypical chimiro chirwere.

Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kushandisa bacteriological nzira tsvakurudzo, riri kuti murwere atore swab pakati diphtheria kubva pharynx. Nzira iyi inobvumira kuti kuziva utachiona hwakakura uye kudzidza kwayo chepfu maitiro.

Nzira serological unodiwa kuona ukuru kutapata Makakatanwa vasabatwa antitoxic uye antibacterial antibodies.

Kushandisa nzira majini zvakaedza utachiona hwakakura DNA.

diphtheria kurapwa

Pasinei kwokuomerwa hosha, diphtheria mune vakuru nevana kubatwa chete muchipatara. Murwere achanamatira kudya uye mubhedha zororo. Kuti neutralize ari diphtheria exotoxin uye kumisa kudhaka raitongwa diphtheria serum (PDS). The mushonga anofanira kuzviita nekukurumidza, izvi tichadzivisa kutanga yematambudziko. Hazvina kunyanya zvakabatsirawo 4 mazuva kubva kutanga. The mushonga rinoshandiswa kunyange vanenge vanofungidzirwa chirwere pashure neVadzidzi anorwara munhu.

Mukuwedzera, murwere ushandiswe nzira inorwisa mabhakitiriya, nokudaro kuderedza uwandu nayo utachiona, zviratidzo kudhaka vari kuderedzwa. Yemanyorero kushandisa "Ampicillin" "Amoxicillin", "Cephalexin", "Oksitsillin". Kana zvakakodzera, ngaagadze mahormone (prednisolone kugadzirira), antihistamines ( "Diazolin" "Suprastin" and said.), Antipyretics, mavhitaminzi.

Kudzivirira stenosis, kuti Chamber anofanira kuva zvakanaka ventilated, murwere itungamirirwe noushamwari zvinobata muchimiro tii kana mukaka pamwe pasoda, hwemvura inhalation. Kuderedza hypoxia raitongwa humidified okisijeni Via nasal anobudisa mushonga zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana kurapwa izvi regai kubatsira kuvandudza murwere ezvinhu, zviri basa "Prednisolone".

Kana murwere chakasimba kufema akundikana kwakaitika pane izvi zvakafanira kutora okukurumidzira matanho kubvisa firimu. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, shandisa nembato, yemagetsi pombi. Kwakanyanyisa kacho havagoni kuita pasina kuvhiyiwa. Murwere chinotarisirwa ane kufema chubhu iri dokeriro kana trachea.

In zvakakomba chepfu diphtheria, laryngeal diphtheria, chirwere-hunokachidza kuvhunduka nezvimwe yematambudziko murwere muchipatara munyika yevanenge ngozi.

yematambudziko

The toxin, unobereka diphtheria bacillus, pakarepo wefodya unopinda muropa, kwahunokonzera zvakakomba uye ngozi matambudziko. Vane dzakananga (chepfu) uye non-yakananga.

Kukura dzakananga kazhinji apo hunokachidza chimiro chirwere, kunyange zvichiita mune dzimwe nzira. Zvinozouya zvinosanganisira myocarditis, neuritis, nephrotic syndrome.

Myocarditis anogona kuva mangwanani uye kunonoka. Early vave 1-2 vhiki zvirwere. Panguva rinorema, mberi mwoyo kukundikana. In varwere vane abdominal marwadzo, kurutsa, kufamba kweropa unoraramisa. Pane systolic mwoyo vakan'un'una, arrhythmias, kungoerekana kuderera BP. Inosimudzira chiropa uye anova kugumbuka.

Late myocarditis, izvo ikabuda mavhiki 3-4, ane zvakawanda benign kosi.

A chaiwo kuomesa kwakaita diphtheria - mangwanani uye mushakabvu flaccid dzomuviri. In vhiki chirwere yechipiri inogona kuva mangwanani kuoma cranial tsinga. Murwere inova nasal inzwi, kwakaratidzwa dzikatadza pakuparadza, pasina dzepanguva kusvika nyoro mukanwa. Dzimwe murwere asingagoni kuverenga uye asingauyi kusiyanisa zvinhu zviduku.

Pashure pevhiki 4-5, zvingava kunonoka flaccid dzomuviri. Neb mudzira hunenge, kwakaratidzwa tsandanyama simba, havachanyatsogoni Kufambisa.

Kana akashamiswa tsandanyama kwemitsipa uye hunde, munhu haagoni kuva munhu agere chinzvimbo, zvakaoma kuchengeta musoro wako. Zvichida kukura laryngeal muviri, pharynx, diaphragm. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukurasikirwa inzwi uye pakuonekwa chinyararire chikosoro, murwere zvakaoma kumedza, dumbu vakanwa.

Mugore chenjera chokutambudzika chirwere zvingamuka nephrotic syndrome. The weti iri kuchengetwa yakawanda mapuroteni, kupfuura masero matsvuku eropa uye ropa masero machena. Saka renal basa haina kuremara.

Vasiri dzakananga matambudziko zvinosanganisira nemabayo, otitis nhau, lymphadenitis, uye vamwe.

mataridzikiro

The fungidziro zvinoenderana zvakaoma sei chirwere kunoitika diphtheria serum kubva nguva kurapwa, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu yematambudziko siyana.

In wechipiri rechishanu zuva chirwere rufu zvingaitika kunyanya muchimiro chepfu diphtheria. The chikonzero - hunokachidza kuvhunduka uye asphyxia. Pashure maviri nhatu kubva pakatanga chirwere rufu zvinogona kuitika kubva zvikuru myocarditis.

dziviriro

Kudzivirira kuri nani pane kurapa, kunyanya yakadaro nengozi sezvo diphtheria. Chii, isu kare kuwana, asi sei kuzvidzivirira? The chikuru chokudzivirira kwazvo - ndiko kubaya, iro rinoitwa maererano zano vanamakore 3 months, mumatanho matatu. Vaccination kuzorwa chirwere ichi rwuripowo majekiseni anodzivirira purogiramu. DTP mushonga kushandisa kana imwe kuitika munhu diphtheria toxoid. Vanhu vakuru vanoda booster kuramba kutapata pamusoro diphtheria.

Kana kuti kubaya pamusoro diphtheria? Chokwadi, mushonga - ichi hachisi vimbiso kuti murege kurwara, asi chirwere kuchaitika nyore uye pasina kwazvo matambudziko. vakura revaccination rinoitwa pamakore gumi.

Nomazvo kudzivirira diphtheria vaizotadzisa kupararira chirwere. Murwere hwobva patsanura uye kuongorora vanhu vakanga kuonana naye. Vanozivikanwa Corynebacterium diphtheria vatakuri uyewo nevamwe uye taurira mashoko anodiwa kurapwa.

In kindergartens uye zvikoro akasuma kupatsanura varwere kwakavakirwa, umo murwere, disinfect. Murwere anofanira kuva muchipatara kusvikira akarapa, izvo kunosimbiswa miedzo miviri nezvisingafadzi mugumisiro.

Munhu anenge atambura chirwere unobereka vavanongogara kutapata. Makore gumi gare gare, anogona kuzodzosera kurwara, asi chirwere chichangoitika nyore.

Kutadza kutevedza mashoko kubaya uye revaccination kwakaderedza kusawirirana antidiphtheria kutapata uye vari prerequisites kuti kukura chirwere. Majekiseni diphtheria riri munyoro, matambudziko hadziwanzowaniki.

Nonspecific prophylaxis kuti diphtheria - munhu nokuomesa, muviri zvine mwero, zvakanaka kunovaka muviri, kugara mhepo yakachena.