Den Syaopin vake ezvoupfumi kuchinja

Den Syaopin ndomumwe dzepamusorosoro enyika pakati Communist China. Kuti aifanira kubata nemigumisiro kuti Mao Zedong kuti mitemo uye "chimurenga hwetsika" kuitwa yakakurumbira "boka Four" (shamwari dzake). Kwemakore gumi (kubvira 1966 kusvika 1976.) Zvakava pachena kuti kutarisirwa "kusvetuka guru" nyika iri kuita, saka yekupindurwa vatsigiri echimurenga nzira kuuya pragmatists. Izvi uye kurapa pachako Den Syaopin, ane mitemo Kunoonekwa kusachinja-chinja uye chido modernize China, kuramba nheyo dzayo pfungwa uye kuzivikanwa. Munyaya ino ndinoda kuzivisa musimboti wenyika zvokuchinja kunze vachitungamirirwa kuti munhu, uyewo kunzwisisa zvazvinoreva uye kukosha.

Simuka nesimba

Den Syaopin kukurira rine minzwa basa nzira, asati akava ndibatsireiwo mutungamiri CCP. Nechekare muna 1956 akagadzwa mukuru munyori Central Committee of Communist Party of China. Zvisinei, akanga adzingwa ake pambiru pashure gumi basa maererano pakutanga "Cultural Revolution", chinopa pamwero mukuru Kuchenesa zvose tsvimbo uye paruzhinji. Pakafa Mao Zedong uye kusungwa kwake pedyo rehabilitated pragmatics, uye mukufamba rechitatu plenum of Party regumi ungano kutanga kugadzirwa uye rakatangwa kuchinja Den Syaopina mu China.

urongwa Features

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chero mhosva asina zvasiya gutsaruzhinji, chete kuchinja nzira yaro kuvakwa, uye chido kuti zvematongerwo enyika munyika rakasiyana nemamwe, Chinese maitiro. Nenzira, pachavo zvikanganiso uye mhosva Mao Zedong haana zivisai - waini akawira kunonyanya pamusoro yambotaurwa "boka mana."

Famous Chinese Den Syaopina kuchinja zvaibva mufambiro "modernizations zvina mutemo": iri indasitiri, zvechiuto, kurima uye musayenzi. Its magumo Zvakaguma kuva vavakezve uye kunaya upfumi munyika. A chaicho chinoratidza nzira mutungamiriri enyika yaiva kuda kuonana nenyika, zvichiguma China vakatanga kuratidza kufarira nokuda vatorwa vanoita uye vanamuzvinabhizimisi. It nokukwezvwa ndechokuti nyika ine chihombe dhuri basa: pane kutikurira vokumaruwa yakagadzirira kushandira kushoma, asi chinenge waivako kuti zvokudya dzavo. China zvakare yavo makazara pakugadzira zvinhu, saka pakarepo paiva kudiwa paruzhinji kupfuma.

agrarian bhora

Chokutanga, Den Syaopinu zvakafanira kuita kuchinja mu vokuChina mumaruwa, nekuti akanga nevanhuwo zvavo zvinokosha kuti asunga manhamba ayo musimba. Kana Mao Kumikidzo pave inorema bhizimisi uye kudzivirira indasitiri, mutungamiriri mutsva, nekusiyana, akazivisa yokutendeutsa, pakuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezvinhu nevatengi nhumbi, kudzorera epamba vade munyika.

uye communes zvevanhu vakanga yakaguma, apo vanhu vakanga vakaenzana, vari kukwanisa kuvandudza mamiriro avo ezvinhu. Vakatsiviwa brigades uye nemhuri - anonzi chibvumirano mhuri. Kunakisa siyana idzi basa sangano ndechokuti itsva murimi mudiki collectives kubvumirwa kusiya nderwevaya chigadzirwa, kureva sverhurozhay anogona chinozoiswa iri zvichiitika China pamusika uye kuwana mubereko pazviri. Uyezve, vakapiwa rusununguko mukumisa mitengo iri S / s zvigadzirwa. With Panyaya kunyika iyo vanhuwo zvavo vakanga zvakaipa, iye mapfumo kwavari rendi, asi akazivisa pfuma yavo pamusoro nguva.

Migumisiro zvinhu mune zvokurima

zvakagadzirwa izvi zvakabatsira yekudyidzana kuvandudza kurarama nemitemo muruwa. Uyezve, imwe zvakasimbisa kukura musika, uye hurumende chinoonekwa tsika ndechokuti munhu zvokuita uye incentives zvemari kushanda urongwa zvikuru zvibereko. Tinoratidza nayo migumisiro zvokuchinja: makore mashoma yawedzera kusvika kaviri uwandu zviyo yawedzera vanhuwo zvavo, pakazosvika 1990, China akava wokutanga pamusoro kukohwewa donje uye nyama, vakawedzera basa yauinayo.

Kuguma dzakawanda nevamwe

Kana iwe buritsa pfungwa "kubudirana pachena" zvakafanira kunzwisisa kuti Deng Xiaoping rwairwa chimbichimbi yezwi chinoshingaira wokumwe kutengeserana. Akaronga zvishoma nezvishoma inogara mamiriro ezveupfumi munyika, zvishoma nezvishoma kupinda pakati kumusika yakaramba kuraira-administrative upfumi. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti vose transformations, kutanga vaedzwa zvimwe diki munharaunda, uye kana vakanga vakabudirira, havana kuziviswa panguva senyika.

Saka, somuenzaniso, atova makore 1978-1979. iri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo Fujian uye Guangdong akavhura SEZ - Special Nzvimbo Dzine Economic, izvo dzimwe kutengesa misika kubudikidza vomunzvimbo, kuti asimbise mabhizimisi ukama makambani kubva kunze kwenyika. Vakadaidzwa "nezviduku capitalist", uye nhamba yavo iri kuwedzera asi zvishoma nezvishoma, pasinei chemumwe hurumende bhajeti. Ndiyo zvishoma nezvishoma inotungamirwa zvikamu zvakadai chivakwa zvokutengeserana haana kubvumira China yokurasikirwa mugove mbishi zvinhu zvinogona kunge pakarepo kutengeswa pana refu mutengo nemaChina mitemo weshumba. Uyewo haana kukanganiswa, uye mudzimba kugadzirwa, mukana mwoyo uye kupinza zvinhu isingadhuri. Zvinobatsira kubatana munyika dzakasiyana-siyana kwakaita kuti shamwari uye sumo iri kugadzirwa zvemazuva ano, michina, fekitari michina. Chinese vakawanda vakaenda kudzidza kwose kuti vawane ruzivo kumadokero navo. Paiva mhando China pane zveupfumi exchanges nedzimwe nyika, kugutsa zvido yavose vaviri.

Kuchinja kurapa indasitiri

Sezvaunoziva, pamberi ndibatsireiwo mutungamiriri China Den Syaopin ari CCP akasarudzwa, ari kuchinja zvoupfumi vakaitwa China nyika ine simba, vose makambani vakambobatwawo zano, vaitofanira kudzora mamiriro. New ndiye enyika mutungamiri wenyika ndiye aiziva inefficiency yakadaro ino uye akaratidza kudiwa kwayo kuvandudzwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, nzira nezvishoma mazvake kuti mitengo. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko yekuita kukundikana vakaronga nzira uye Kugona neveMamwe-mhando utariri munyika ine vazhinji mamiriro uridzi. Somugumisiro - muna 1993, urongwa kunge akaramba kushoma, mamiriro kuzvidzora kuita shoma, uye musika upfumi huri kuwedzera. Saka, paiva "kaviri njanji" mamiriro management munyika, iyo kunoitika China kusvikira nhasi.

siyana siyana uridzi nokusatya

Patinoita mumwe pashure pomumwe kuchinja, achiishandura China, Den Syaopin akanga akatarisana nechinetso pfuma. Chokwadi chokuti kuchinja sangano kurima iri Chinese mumaruwa akabvumira souped dzimba vane zvakaoma kukura guta kutanga bhizimisi. Uyezve, vanamuzvinabhizimisi vatorwa aida kuvhura bazi yokutengesera yaro muna China. Zvinhu izvi zvakatungamirira kuti paumbwe seboka, matunhu neminisiparati, munhu, vatorwa uye dzimwe mhando muridzi.

Zvinofadza kuti vakuru havana kuronga yokusuma zvakafanana-siyana. The Chikonzero parinowanika iri pachake chirongwa vemo, ine mari dzayo, kuvhura uye vawedzere mabhizimisi avo pachavo vakatanga. Vanhu havasi kufarira hurumende chivako privatized, ivo pakutanga vaida kuitisa basa ravo. Vanochinja, achiona zvavanokwanisa, akasarudza formalize kodzero vagari yekuita pfuma, kuita mabhizimisi nomumwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, kutsigira mukuru "kubva kumusoro" vakagamuchira wokumwe mubhizimisi: vanoita vatorwa kupa zvakawanda zvinobatsira zvakasiyana kana kutanga bhizimisi pamusoro munharaunda Republic of China. Kana emakambani ehurumende, kuitira kuti vaende akaputsa nehasha ne nechitarisiko yakadaro zvikuru yemakwikwi, zano iri kuti akaramba, asi akaramba kwemakore, uye zvakare nebumbiro dzakasiyana-siyana mutero mari, dzinopiwa, zvakanaka kwezvikwereti.

ukoshi

Hapana vachiramba kuti Den Syaopin akabata pamwe chete basa guru wakadaro kuti extricate nyika kubva kwakadzika zvoupfumi. Nokuda kwavo zvinhu, China ane zvokutora uremu ari upfumi nyika uye, sezvo zvakaguma mune zvematongerwo enyika. The nyika kwakasimbiswa yakasiyana "maviri-njanji yokuti zvoupfumi", nounyanzvi kubatanidza murayiro uye yaiona levers uye musika zvinhu. The itsva Vatungamiri mukomiyunisiti kuramba mberi pfungwa Den Syaopina. Somuenzaniso, zvino mamiriro akaisa mberi chinangwa kuvaka "nzanga avhareji kubudirira" muna 2050 uye kuparadzwa kusaruramisira.