Nhoroondo yezvakaitika zveRussia: musha weChina

Musha weChitina chivako chezvivako nenzira yeChineseerie, iri pamuganhu weAleksandrovsky neEkaterininsky mapaki pamunda wekupinda kubva kuSt. Petersburg kuenda kuTsarskoe Selo.

Chinoiserie style

Chimiro chechimiro ichi chaiperekedzwa nekutengeswa kweChinese porcelain kuEurope mumavambo ekuma1800. Zvisizvo zvishoma, zvakanakisa uye zvakawanda zvakagadziriswa zvigadzirwa zvakangoerekana zvichinyanya kutarira boka rekumusoro.

Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, kuparidzirwa kwakagamuchira matavi ose eChinese. Munzvimbo dzeumambo uye dzomumambo, kuvaka kwe gazebos, dzimba dzemadzimambo uye mabhiriji, zvishoma nezvishoma kudzokorora maitiro ezvakagadzirwa zveMambo weChechi, yakatanga. Zvinosuruvarisa, panguva iyoyo pakanga pane zvishoma zvidzidzo zvakapiwa munyika ino, nokuti vavaki vezvivako vakatungamirirwa zvikuru nemafungiro avo pachavo uye maonero pamusoro pekuti zvibereko zvezvisikwa zvavo zvinofanira kutarisa sei.

Saka pakanga pane chimiro chechinaisheni, icho chakava chikamu cheEastalism uye Rococo, umo musha weChina wakatanga kuvakwa.

Kupararira kwemaitiro muRussia

MuRussia, tsika iyi yakakurumidza kuva yakakurumbira pakati pevakakurumbira, nekuda kwekuti mune dzimba dzakawanda dzenyika makanga mune makabati, yakarongedzwa mumitambo yakanakisisa yeChiniseries. Nhamba huru kwazvo yezvivakwa zvakadaro yakasikwa nemuumbi weAntonio Rinaldi - uye ndiye iye, kuburikidza nemurairo waCatherine Mukuru, akanga ari muumbi wemusha weChina.

The Chinese Village in Tsarskoe Selo

Iyi yakaoma yezvivako yaiva pfungwa yeMudzimai weRussia Catherine II, uyo akatungamirirwa nemafambidzana eEurope nokuda kweshoko rechiChiniserie. Zvichida akafuridzirwa nebasa rakafanana muDodttningholm, achisarudza kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakamupfuura.

Zvechokwadi hazvizivikanwi, asi pane maonero ekuti musha wemuguta wakagadzirirwa kuvakadzi vaviri: Rinaldi naCharles Cameron. Iko sampuro dzakanga dzakanyorwa, dzakapiwa imwe nguva kubva kuBeijing uye dzakanga dziri pfuma yeimba yamambo.

Maererano neurongwa, musha weChina wakanga uine dzimba gumi nematanhatu uye chechina chekucherechedza, uye kunze kwekuoma kwakadikanwa kuisa pagoda. Pakutanga, Catherine akatsvaka kutema muvakirati chaiye kubva kuMiddle Kingdom kuti ashande, asi akakundikana. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, akatumirwa kuwana kopi yepagoda yakasikwa naUlyam Chambers mumutauro weChiniserie.

Zvisinei, mushure mekufa kweMempress muna 1796, kushanda purojekiti yacho kwakanyanyisa. Pakati pemapuranga gumi nemakumi mapfumbamwe akavakwa, gumi chete chete akavakwa, kuburitsa kwakanga kusina kupera, uye pagoda yakaramba iri pamapepa.

Musha weChina weAlexander I

Kushanda pane zvakaoma hazvina kudzoka kusvikira kupindira kwaAlexandro I. Muna 1818, akakwevera Vasily Stasov kuti achinje musha kuva mhando dzakagadzirika. Somugumisiro - zvizhinji zvekushongedza kwekumabvazuva zvakaparadzwa, asi iye zvino nzvimbo yakaoma yakagadziriswa yevatenzi vakasiyana-siyana vakakurumbira.

Zvivako zvakabatanidzwa neStasov pakati pavo, uye kutarisa kusina kupera kwakapedzwa neine dome.

Imba imwe neimwe mumusha weChina yakakombwa nemunda wayo uye yakaiswa mukati. Mune chimwe chezvivako izvi Nikolay Karamzin akararama kwemakore matatu achitaura "History of the Russian State".

Uyewo munharaunda yenzvimbo yakaoma yakanga iri Chinese Theatre, iyo yaimiririra zvisikwa zvitsva Giovanni Paiziello. Zvisinei, muna 1941 chivako chakapiswa, uye basa rekuvakazve rakanga risati raitwa kusvikira zvino.

Modernity

Munguva yekutonga kweGermany musha wakatambura zvikuru, uye kudzorerwa kwawo kwaifambira mberi sekunge kusingadi. Muma60's the complex was converted into communal apartments, later it was transformed into a base tourist. Muna 1996 chete, mabasa makuru ekuvakazve akatanga, nekuda kwekambani yeDanish, iyo yakagamuchira kodzero yekubvarhara dzimba kwemakore makumi mashanu.

Kusvika zvino, musha wakadzorerwa zvachose. Izvo zvose zviri muenzi uye dzimba dzeimba, asi iyo chete yekutarisa kwese yakaoma kubva mumugwagwa inowanikwa kune vanofambira. Upenyu mumusha weChina kune munhuwo zvake mumugwagwa haukwanisi, sezvo ndima yaro panguva ino yakavanzwa sevamwe pfuma yeimwe nyika, uye dzimba dzinotorwa nevatorwa vokunze.

Zvakaoma kutenda kuti chikamu chenyika yeRussia inopfigirwa nehuwandu hwevanhu, asi kusvikira nguva ino yapera (uye zvichida pashure), izvi zvichange zvisingachinji.