Pane zvino nyanzvi zororo basa ose. Ikoko iye vanhu vanoshanda pamusoro Mapping. Day pachivakwa uye cartographer munyaya yokutanga mwedzi kwematsutso ose wechipiri Sunday, pasinei rinobatana nemamwe mazororo kana kwete. Saka, muna 2009, akauya pamusoro March 8. Nokuti vaya havadyidzani kartosostavitelstvom pachavo zororo iri rinoenderera kucherechedzwa, iri hazvisizvo. Pashure pezvose, kana iwe tarisa, basa cartographers uye vaiongorora kunokosha kuti mumwe nomumwe wedu.
akaita sei kupemberera
Kana kupemberera pachivakwa kuRussia, iye rinorondedzerwa President wokuti, akasaina muna 2000, musi 11 November. Mwedzi haisi kusarudzwa netsaona. Maiva muna March 1720th Great Mambo Peter I chirevo pamusoro kudiwa uye zvinosungirwa cartographic mabasa ose nzvimbo Russian wehurumende. Uye muna March 1919th kare hurumende yeSoviet mukutarisana vanhu Commissars akasaina Chirevo pamusoro pakagadzwa VSU (Geodetic Administration). Day pachivakwa muna kuUkraine pamwe masikati geologist uye kupembera April, Svondo ose rokutanga romwedzi. Dzimwe rakaburukira pamusoro April 1 uye rinobatana nezuva kuseka. Pane masangano kuti vapemberere kwavo nemazvo zororo vaiongorora uye cartographers musi 15 March, mushure Chirevo vanhu Commissars, rakabudiswa kare muna 1919.
cartographers yekare
Makarasika anofunga kuti makadhi vari chete kunodiwa kuti kuona chinhu pasi. Navo, unogona kunyange kudzidza nhoroondo yedu! Zvinofungidzirwa kuti wokutanga zvakawanda kana zvishoma chaiwo mufananidzo nzvimbo akazviratidza 14-15 emakore AD. Asi zvakavapo refu asati aberekwa Kristu. Muenzaniso uyu ndiwo kadhi iri musayendisiti Greek Ptolemy, iro rinotaura zvose makondinendi, kusanganisira Antarctica, zviri pachena zvinoonekwa. Gare gare mabasa ake dzinoshandiswa cartographers vazhinji Ages. musayendisiti French Orontsy Feeney (Oronteus Phynius) shure muna 1531 akatanga nyika map Antarctica, kureva anenge makore 300 zvisati yaro yepamutemo buri! Kunyange apfuura, muna 1513, Antarctica rave anomirirwa pasi map Piri Reis, imwe Admiral, imwe nyanzvi uye chikuru Mukuru Mukuru weConstantinople. Paiva nezvimwe compilers, izvo zvinokosha kutaura zuva cartographer uye pachivakwa. Ivo akatisiyira mepu iri coldest kondinendi munyika isina chando, pamwe chaiwo nzvimbo ine nzizi, madziva uye zvikomo, iro masayendisiti ano vakadzidza chete muzana remakore rechi20.
Chakavanzika Atlantis
Hon Plato muna VI remakore BC, chirabwe nevanhu Atlantis. Sezvo zvakaoma kutsvaka chinhu mune imwe enyika, ipapo mune dzimwe. Nemhaka yekare map Antarctica, rakanyorwa zvinoshamisa zvakarurama, paiva shanduro ariko yakarasika yebudiriro ikoko. Zvekufamba isingazivikanwi kwatiri cartographers vakararama makore matanhatu kana kupfuura mamiriyoni apfuura, uye usafungidzira kuti kamwe richafara pachivakwa uye cartographer, vakabvumira masayendisiti ano kuti zvakawanda. Nemhaka makadhi avo, vakawana kuti kwenguva refu muna Antarctica chaizvo nemamiriro okunze, pedyo Mediterranean. Pane yakafukidza Rwizi, yakasvibirira minda. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, chiri ekare ingavapo pamusoro yakaoma. Muzana remakore rechi20, masayendisiti kuitwa pamusoro nechando kondinendi zvizivikanwe nemichina, tsvakurudzo zvakadzama, akachera ukobvu echando uye vakatora ivhu. Ongororo ndikazvisimbisa kuti cartographers vekare akavhomora makadhi vake zvinoshamisa zvakarurama. Vakaita sei pasina mudziyo upi ano harizivikanwi.
Mapping nzira
mepu nomumwe ane afoot Coordonatele (Longitude uye Latitude). Ndiani kuziva Longitude vari chronometer. mudziyo wokutanga yakadaro yakanga yakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi18, John Harrison. Vasati izvi drafters ari Longitude of makadhi kunotemwa nokucherechedza rose richiora satellites, uye upamhi - yakatenuka pasi chiedza pamusoro jengachenga. Location zvinhu takatsunga nemaziso, uye daro akayera tambo kana vachishandisa mumavhiri. Ake scrolled kubva chinhu nazvo, uye ipapo kane kureba nomukombero pamusoro uwandu nokumukirana. Asi kuti afunge kuti hurukuro pamusoro makondinendi kure, zvakanga zvakakodzera kana kuzvizadzisa kana kudzidza navo kubva yakakwirira zvikuru. Zvino zvinoitwa uchibatsirwa zvemuchadenga mifananidzo, vachishandisa satellites, uye yapfuura? Ichingori chakavanzika sei vanhu vakararama kupfuura 5-6, uye zvemakore apfuura, akakwanisa nokururamisira zvakarurama kuvhomora hurukuro yacho makondinendi zvisingazivikanwi kwavari.
nomugungwa
Muzana remakore rechi13, yakaitwa chinongedzo, iyo akwanise zvikuru basa cartographers. Panguva iyoyo haisi chete nyika mepu, asiwo gungwa, iyo vakashandiswa vengarava. Zviri pasi uyu hunde Hristofora Kolumba. With kukura wekushandisa uye veMubatanidzwa zvakarurama zviridzwa Mapping akawedzera zvikuru uye akavandudzika. Vazhinji inoti kupa nzendo kuongorora nyika USINGAZIKAMWI. Somugumisiro, makadhi vava kunyatsoenderana, paivawo wokutanga yose. It akasikwa yokuGermany Martin Behaim. Papera chinguva, Gerhard Mercator uye Abraham Ortelius akaita atirasi yokutanga yenyika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti sayenzi cartography yagadzirwa Mercator. Pazuva rokutanga pachivakwa uye cartographer, vazhinji taura zita rake. Yakanga mudzidzi uyu akatanga urongwa nenzvimbo zvairatidza uye mepu maberere. Muzana remakore rechi18 vakatanga kuyera kureba chinhu pamusoro pegungwa, izvo chakaratidza mavambo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho.
Cartography muRussia
MuRussia, sezvo vose dzakabudirira, zvikuru yakanga dzakabatanidzwa nzizi nzvimbo ruzivo, nyanza, masango, maguta uye migwagwa pakati pavo. Kunyange Ivan Grozny akarayira kuti muunganidzwa kwokukurukurwa mufanidzo nzvimbo. Zvakaguma vanonzi "Big kudhirowa", zvino akarasika. Tinogona chete vataure basa iri. Asi wakachengeta makopi mepu kweSiberia, izvo chakaita kuti Peter Godunov kuti kurayira muna cha1667. Uye Fyodor Godunov, uchishandisa "Big yokukweva" akaita mepu yake. Uye kunyange mambo, akapedza vaviri mwedzi, kuti cartographer chakanga. Peter I, nokuda nechirevo yatiri vanopemberera pachivakwa muna March, kwete chete anhonga Baton wokuRussia cartography, asi akaitawo nyaya iyi imwe anoisvokosha hurumende. Kuti aite basa Peter I akakoka vatorwa engravers, ndakanga atuma yakanakisisa vemo vakuru uye vaiongorora (Kozhin uye Urusova). Gare gare, akanga rakabudisa atirasi wokutanga Russia ne 19 mepu munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
ano cartography
Cartography ave vakashanduka uye pashure Peter I. Paul I akapa basa iri kumutungamiriri dhipatimendi, Alexander yandakagadza Corps pakati vaiongorora echiuto, uye Nicholas I achibvumirana kugadzwa zviri Pulkovo Observatory. Nzira uye Mapping zvemichina kuramba kuvandudza. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri cartographers vakatanga kushandisa lithographic uye photochemical pezvakaitwa mifananidzo zvinhu. Electronic Technology kuvamba Varongi, vaidhinda, scanners, zvemuchadenga chikumbiro mberi akavandudzika muitiro pakusika mepu yakarurama. Zvino pasina pavo hazvibviri kufungidzira upenyu hwedu. Maps vari vatyairi uye vashanyi, Nyanzvi vavaki. Vaiongorora kuti zvirongwa zvavo nzvimbo, inventories, mepu, njanji uye mikuru. Day pachivakwa muna 2014 yakawira March 9, vachangobva Women Zuva. The President congratulated yacho vaiongorora uye cartographers renyika uye dai navo mberi kubudirira basa.
Makorokoto pamusoro pachivakwa uye cartographer
Mumigwagwa nemisha kazhinji kuona vanhu vane rack, pamwero kana Theodolite. Vanotora kuyerwa, ona mataurirwo nzvimbo zvinhu, kuita pakona ndichisunga. Kundomukwazisa pamusoro zvavo nyanzvi mazororo anogona kuva mashoko chete, asi anogona kuva nhetembo. Somuenzaniso, izvi:
Vaiongorora, atlases uye mepu vose compilers,
Zvirokwazvo basa rako kunokosha,
Wati ose dhumhira yepasi ndokugarapo,
Nenzizi kuti dzinoyerera kuburikidza nawo,
A zana nguva achayera, kane zana tarisa
Uye kutiswededza pamepu kare,
Leisure aine okunze-vakarohwa kazhinji kugovera,
Tarirai pasi matambudziko.
Saka regai iwe kazhinji vanonyemwerera
Luck uye mugumo inoramba pakukuvadzwa,
Regai pfungwa dzako dzose aurayiwa,
Uye uine mufaro zvakakwana kwemakore zana!