Database structure

Ruzivo, kuva chikonzero chebasa rehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwemagetsi ehurumende shanduko, rakarongedzwa nenzira inokosha uye inonzi mazita ezvinyorwa. Kuti uchinzwisise pfungwa iyi, uye kuti unzwisise kuti chimiro chedhesi ndeyei, zvakakosha kufunga nezvechiitiko ichi zvakadzama.

Kazhinji kacho, paunenge uine database, unofanira kutevera zvinotevera. Inofanira kunge iri nyore kuita nekugadzirisa, isina ruzivo rwakanyanya. Mune hurumende, maitiro anorongwa nenzira yakadaro iyo hukama hunoumbwa pakati pavo - mwana nemubereki. Icho chikonzero, iyo inzivo yakakwirira kana yakaderera maererano nechimwe chinhu chetsika. Asi chimwe chazvo nguva dzose chinonyanya kukosha, iyo iyo yose inotanga. Somugumisiro wegadziriro iyi yemashoko anovhara, chimiro chemuti we database chinoumbwa, icho chinowanzoitirwa faira system inoshanda mumakombiyuta.

Databases akaparidzirwa pamusangano ane maitiro akafanana nehuwandu hwemashoko ehurumende. Kusiyana pakati pavo ndechokuti mumwana wekutanga zvinhu zvinogona kuva nemadzitateguru akawanda.

Asi tisati tafunga nezvekugadzirisa uye zvinyorwa zvakadzama, tinoda kutsanangura pfungwa ye database. Chii chinorehwa neshoko iri? Tsanangudzo yakajeka ndeyiyi: dhesiyo ndiyo nzira yekuronga nekuchengetedza ruzivo. Kune zvakawanda zvemhando uye nzira dzekuronga ruzivo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane chinangwa chake chinangwa, anosangana nezvimwe zvinoda. Semuenzaniso, data iri mumutauro weXML yakarongerwa semuti une ruzivo rwemashamba uye nodes. Asi iyi ndiyo imwe chete yeruzivo rwekuchengetedza.

Chimiro chemashoko makuru chedata rakanyatsogadziridzwa kuverenga, kusarudzwa kwekukurumidza kwezvinhu uye zvakabuda kumunhu. Asi ine zvinetso zvaro. Saka, kombiyuta, zviri nyore chaizvo kuita basa racho nefaira kana faira (izvo zviri zvikamu zvehutano hwemazuva ano), kwenguva yakareba inobatanidzwa pakuongorora hurongwa hwezvirwere. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hurongwa hwakadaro hahukodzeri kukurumidza kuongorora ruzivo uye, kana zvichidiwa, iyo inotora nguva yakareba. Ukama hwezvikamu muhutano hwakafanana hwakaita kuti yezasi chinhu chacho, chikuru chekugara kwayo. Unhu hukuru hwepakati pemubereki nemwana zvinhu zvehutano hunovhiringidzwa.

Chimwe chikamu chedatabases chinofanirwa kutarisirwa. Ichazobudiswa kuitira kuti pakupedzisira tsanangurire nyaya yezvinoitika nenzira yekuchengetedza ruzivo. Nenzira yekuisa ruzivo rwemashoko, zvinyorwa zvakagoverwa zvakagadziriswa (zvinyorwa nenzira yezviratidzo), zvakanyatsorongeka (zvinyorwa zvemashoko) uye zvisingazivikanwi (semantic network). Yakagadzirirwa databases ine maverengero akawanda pane zvidzidzo zvayo zviripo. Izvi zvinosanganisira mitambo uye zvikamu zvemashoko makuru, apo mahwendefa akaparadzana anogoverwa. Kana ruzivo rwemashoko makuru ruchifanana nemuti, ipapo ruware rwunoita sehutano. Muchiitiko ichi, sarudzo ye database yakarongedzwa nenzira yakadai kuti chero vertex inogona kutungamira kune iyo uye inogona kunge ine huwandu hwekubatana pakati pezvikamu zviviri. Saka, rimwe faira rinotsigira ukama nevakawanda, sechikonzero chekuti rudzi rwacho haruna kugadziriswa. Inogona kuva nhengo yeheti yefaira (pakati pekubatanidzwa kwekubatanidzwa) kana muridzi.

Panewo imwe nhoroondo yehutano hwemashoko inoshandiswa nehutano pakati pefaira dzakagadziridzwa panguva iyo mubvunzo unoshandiswa. Databases dzakaparadzana maererano nemhando yemashoko ari mukati mavo, pane factographic, documentary uye lexicographic.

Nokudaro, databases ndeimwe nzira yakarongeka, imwe yenzira dzekuchengetedza ruzivo umo kunogona kuve tomufomu. Iko kusanganiswa kwemaatafura akawanda ane mazano anonzwisisana kune mumwe nemumwe, uye ega database.