Culverts: Marudzi, hukuru, mudziyo

Nokuti kubviswa diki mvura Rwako uye pemipata pasi mugwagwa culverts kushandiswa. Kushandiswa wavo zvikuru akakodzera pane pakuvaka zambuko.

mukuru pfungwa

Nokuti ndima mvura kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi mugwagwa culverts kushandiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira culverts, mabhiriji, abudise hurongwa. Ekupedzisira inoshandiswa ndima pasi panzira pose makwara siyana.

Culverts zvinoshandiswa zviitiko apo uchida tisangosiya chiduku mugwagwa drains the (hova, zvikasabudiswa dzemvura pashure mvura kana chando uye zvichingodaro). Pararira Zvikwepa mvura anogona kuitwa akaramba kana batchwise. Kuburikidza zvivako izvi dzimwe nguva kuronga ndima mombe kana kupfuura nemunyika senga.

The midziyo hakurevi culvert aienda pamusoro mugwagwa, uye kuchinja mhando mugwagwa pemvura. Above zvinodiwa mamiriro hwakarongwa. Ukobvu akadurura ivhu kunoderedza kumanikidza kuvakwa nemotokari uye dzinopomhodza matambudziko.

Kushandiswa senyere pamusoro ndima mvura ine mikana:

• Pipe nzvimbo kugadzwa pasina kukuvadza ari roadbed.

• Pipe chokugadza iri isingadhuri pane kuvaka zambuko.

• Kana backfill rukoko Ukobvu anopfuura 2 M kuchinja kuvakwa pfupi mitoro vanopfuura chokufambisa iri kushoma.

mutopota Sizes

Dhayamita culvert kuvimba kureba kwayo:

• Kana chubhu pakureba asingadi kupfuudza 3.2 M uye kukwirira embankment asingasviki 7.5 m, kuti chubhu yokutanga anosarudzwa akaenzana 100-150 cm.

• Nokuti murwi kuti 1.5 M dhayamita ndiyo masendimita 75.

• Sepombi mukati magungano dziri masendimita 50 dhayamita.

Under Migwagwa 2-4 Mapato angashandiswa culverts ane dhayamita pakati masendimita 100 uye kureba 30 m. Kana dhayamita ari masendimita 75, nokureba chubhu hakufaniri anopfuura 15 m.

kupatsanura

Culverts Classified pamusoro parameters akawanda.

Zvichienderana zvinobva izvo zvavari vakaita:

• Concrete.

• The polymer (Polymer, polyvinyl chloride uye polyethylene).

• Akazadzisa kongiri.

• Stone.

• Metal.

• Washington City Offices.

Vanoverengeka marudzi akajeka nyere, zvichienderana pamuchinjikwa-sectional chimiro:

• Round.

• Arch.

• Elliptical.

• Rectangular.

• Trapezoidal.

• Ovoidalnye.

• Mativi.

Maererano nheyo chikamu:

• Unconfined.

• Pressure.

• Polunapornye.

In muchinjikwa-chikamu pombi kungava chimwe, vaviri kana kupfuura pfungwa.

Basic zvenyaya chubhu vavo kugadzwa

Culverts ine anoverengeka zvinhu:

• Chiyamuro headroom.

• The kudyidzana pakati nenyere.

• Output headroom.

Nemhaka pakuguma madziro iri chubhu hatuzoumbiki eddies, swirls, mvura inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuvapo kwavo haapi inotubuka kugeza kubvisa murwi usukwe nheyo.

Kune mhando dzakawanda kuguma masvingo:

• Portal, izvo zvakavakwa muchimiro munhu perpendicular nyere ukaramba rusvingo. Izvi zvinonyanya nyore design, asi ine zvainovhiringidzawo ayo. It haripi aibuda anotsvedzerera mvura. Saka, shandisa kwayo inokurudzirwa mune nyaya shoma mvura inoyerera yakaderera nokukurumidza. Gantry headroom inoshandiswa senyere ane dhayamita pamusoro 50-75 cm.
• Socketed. Uyezve rusvingo, vane mapapiro maviri nokuita rimwe. Okrylki akaronga pa necheparutivi rworwendo 30 kusvika nenyere. Nokuda mvura iyi kuerera iri zvishoma nezvishoma kujekesa.
• Chipika, ane zvinhu okupedzisira unotemwa panguva kwekona kwakaita murwi. The gandiwa of runodzivirira chipika iri iiswe.
• Streamlined mu muchinjikwa chikamu zvishoma nezvishoma taper kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka aibuda mvura.

Pasi nevezera iri zvakaenzana kuparadzirwa nokuda hwaro nomutopota yaitwa. Zvinoitawo kunodzivisa kuchinja kwemunhu zvinhu chacho.

Zvinotevera mhando nheyo:

• Pasina hwaro (dzinongoitika chawo).

• Tsvina Bag, akasikwa artificially.

• Of Akazadzisa kongiri.

• Pakati siyana kongiri okunze.

Kusarudza rudzi nheyo novimba mutopota dhayamita, kureba murwi uye Geological ezvinhu.

Culvert ndekwokuda perpendicular mumugwagwa akabatana. Izvi zvinopa risingamboshandisi kureba nenyere. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zviri here kuisa kuvakwa nenzira iyo rukova runoyerera. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wokuti whirlpools. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, izvozvo akabvumira kuvakwa culverts mune dzimwe nzira.