Cryptographic nzira mashoko unodzivirira: pfungwa, unhu, anokosha nzvimbo

Maduramazwi anotipa pedyo nepedyo kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro tsanangudzo rokuti "cryptography", akasiyana chete zvinhu chikumbiro chacho. Cryptography - sayenzi sei kudzivirira mashoko kuburikidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kana zvichikodzera, zvatisingakwanisi pamusoro masimba kuzoongorora uye kushandiswa kwayo.

Cryptographic nzira mashoko kudzivirirwa - ndiyo kuchinja mashoko mamwe ayo Kupfuudzwa kune mvumo munhu. Nheyo nzira idzi sezvinotevera. Primary rakazaruka encrypted mashoko, pakuwana chimiro namahwindo rwezuva kana Graphics inonzi cryptogram. Uyezve cryptogram ari chinopfuudzwa pamusoro yakachengeteka kana kuchengeteka gwara achitumira mashoko kugamuchira pfungwa. An mushandisi mvumo anotakura Ivan Kuchin kana decoding of vakagamuchira shoko uye anogamuchira chepakutanga Plaintext. Nokudaro, kuvhura Shirograms kunze komutemo munhu havazokwanisi kuriverenga, asingazivi kuti cryptographic mhando mashoko kudzivirira nzira inoshandiswa encryption.

Pfungwa huru cryptography inowanzoshandiswa, izvo zvinoita kuti tiswedere kufanana encrypted ruzivo, uye Coding maitiro. Cryptographic kudzivirira mashoko inoshandiswa encrypting uye decrypting rakasiyana kutevedzana kwezviitiko vatambi, anonzi kiyi. Saka, achishandisa chete cryptographic algorithm encryption mugumisiro kunobva kiyi.

Makiyi kuti kupatsanura kwavo rakakamurwa:

• zvakafanana, ichibata, kureva yatumira uye mugamuchiri mu nedanho encryption uye Decryption kushandisa kiyi chete, izvo kunovimbisa yakakwirira zvakavanzika zviri encrypted shoko, asi zvinetso zviri kushanda kiyi dzakasiyana gadziriro, apo vazhinji vanoshandisa;
• asymmetric, chokwadi zviri sechinhu chinokosha peya, chinopa namahwindo (private) uye paruzhinji kiyi.

Nheyo kiyi vaviri ndiko: private chinokosha rinoshandiswa kuti vaunze veruzhinji kiyi, asi hazvigoni vanowanika kudzokera anozivikanwa pachena kiyi. Izvi zvinoita kuti authentication tione kana tama ruzivo, yakasainwa nokuda yemagetsi digitaalinen siginicha (EDS).

Cryptographic mashoko kudzivirira kushandisa asymmetric makiyi zvakabatsirawo encrypting zvitange pachinzvimbo zvakachengetwa mashoko. The paruzhinji makiyi vari akakodzera kutsiva mazuva siginicha pamusoro yemagetsi (digitaalinen), iro zvinowanzoshandiswa Internet muripo enyika.

Cryptographic nzira mashoko kudzivirira ngaafadze zvinotevera zvinodiwa:

1. Kuva yakadzikama Cipher inokwanisa withstanding cryptanalysis uye anopa nzira buri raro chete dzoga kutsvaka kiyi. Naizvozvo, mukana kutsunga kiyi inotsamira kureba kwayo.
2. Kuti vave nechokwadi mukurumari imwe cryptographic ezvinhu nenzira makachengeteka kuchengeta zvakavanzika makiyi uye algorithms havasi kushandisa navo.
3. Kuti vaunze bhuku coded mashoko asingaiti kusapfuudza chepakutanga.
4. Kubvisa kusarurama uye kurasikirwa mashoko nokuda kwokukanganisa apo encrypting.
5. Kuti pave nechokwadi Minimum yeEncoding nguva.
6. Iva kusachinja-chinja pakati encryption kukosha uye kukosha kutanga mashoko.

Cryptographic nzira mashoko kudzivirira dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza kurwisa pamusoro Cipher, inova chiyero chikuru zvinobudirira. kunyatsoshanda uyu mari munguva kana kukosha mari inodiwa kuwana decryptor mashoko yepakutanga pasina ari encoded kiyi. Kunopiwa hapana kusimba mune encryption algorithms, iyo inokurumidza anoti mhizha, uye hwakavimbika zvakakwana kiyi urefu, izvi mari kukura yekudyidzana.