Chiratidziro chemufananidzo wekutanga wokufambisa

Kuva nhasi kune munhu wose iyo cinema yakagadzirwa mukunopera kwezana remakore rechi19, apo mufananidzo wekutanga wekufamba wakaratidzwa. Mhedziso yepakutanga yekugadzirwa uku kwaiva kugadzira mifananidzo inofamba.

Kuzivikanwa kwakanyanya kwema cinema kwakasvika muzana remakore rechi20, apo shanduro yose yema cinema yakaumbwa. Iye zvino chikamu chinokosha chemazuva ano, uye zvose zvakatanga nemuedzo wokugadzira mufananidzo unofamba pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvezvinhu uye unozvigadzira pahwindo.

Panguva iyoyo, kuzogadzirisa dambudziko iri, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvaidiwa, kunyanya, firimu uye flexible film, projector uye chigadzirwa chakaita kuti zvikwanisike kubudisa tsvakurudzo yenguva yaidiwa. Kwemazana makumi emakore, vanyori vakawanda vanozivikanwa vakarwa pamusoro pebasa iri. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakakwanisa kugadzira nzira inokwanisa kubudisa mafirimu, mushure mokunge kuratidzwa kwemufananidzo wekutanga wokufamba munhau wakaitika. Izvi zvakaitika muParis musi wa22/03/1895, nekuda kwebasa rehama dzaLumière.

Kune rutivi rwakapetwa rwevamwe shamwari, vakaratidza tape shomanana inonzi "Exit yevashandi kubva kufekitari yaLumiere". Uyu waiva mufananidzo wokutanga. Zvishoma nezvishoma, munaFebruary wegore rino, chigamba chekutanga chakange chakave nekodzero nehama dzaLumiere, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana mifananidzo inofamba.

Vakasangana pamwe chete nekamera kamera uye vakaziva pfungwa yekusika firimu. Ikoko kwakanga kune kuratidzwa kwemufananidzo wekutanga wokufamba muParis paBoulevard yeKapuchin, kupinda kwairi kwakabhadharwa. Muchitsime cheGran Cafe, firimu "Kuuya kwechitima kuenda kuLa Suite station" kwakaratidzwa. Kutevera iyi firimu pfupi yakatanga kutarisa zvimwe zvisikwa zvidiki zvehama dzaLumiere. Chiratidziro chemufananidzo wekutanga wokufambisa chakaenderera mberi nechiitiko chevhisi "Mvura Inonwiwa", uyezve mamwe mafirimu maitiro akapiwawo kuvanhu.

Pane shanduro iyo panguva yekuona kwevateereri vateereri, yakakundwa nekufamba kwechitima, yakasvetuka kubva pazvigaro zvavo, nokuda kwekutya kupwanyika kana kukuvadzwa. Iyi yekutanga yepafirimu yekuratidza mafirimu yakaratidza kutanga kwemafirimu ose enyika.

Ifilimu yekutanga yakaitwa muRussia yakaratidzwa muna 1908. MunaOctober, mufananidzo wemaminitsi manomwe we "Ponizovaya Volnitsa" yakaratidzwa. Yaiva tape, yakavakirwa nenziyo pamusoro paStean Razin. Yekutanga firimu yekuratidza muRussia yakanga yapfuura zvishoma. Yakanga yakaitwa mumunda wezhizha "Aquarium" muSt. Petersburg muna 1896 uye yaiva nemaminitsi gumi ekutsvaga mafirimu Lumiere. Ichi chiitiko chakanga chisina kunyatsorongwa. Mafirimu aya akaratidzwa panguva yekusunungurwa kwemimhanzi. Vateereri vakafara. Mazuva mashomanana mushure meizvi, yekuratidzwa kwemafirimu yekutanga yakaitirwa muMoscow. Anofadza akaratidza manzwiro ake nezvemafirimu M. Gorky. Akaritsanangura mumashoko anotevera: "Mufananidzo wehupenyu kana mumvuri wekunze."

Vafirimu vega voga mumakore ekutanga-revolutionary muRussia vakatema nhamba yakawanda yemavhidhiyo. Kazhinji kacho cinema muRussia mumakore iwayo yakashandurwa nerudo rwemalodramas kana nyanzvi dzezvinyorwa, rimwe rawo raive iyo yakawanda yemifananidzo "The Defense of Sevastopol." Nhasi iye aigona kunzi mhirizhonga.

Iko-post-revolutionary nguva yakatarwa nekugamuchirwa kwemutemo weChristian People's Commissars pamusoro pekusimudzirwa kwemafirimu aya. Cinema yeRussia uye iyo yose ye cinematographic indasitiri yakabva yaendeswa kune unyanzvi hweCommissionary for Public Education. Ichi chiitiko chakaratidzwa muna 1979 nechisarudzo chekugadza hovha yeAll-Union mukukudza kwake. Nhasi iyo inonzi Zuva reRussian Cinema, uye mukukudza kwekutanga kwemafirimu ekuratidzira, imwe mhemberero inopembererwa, iyo yainzi International Cinema Day.

Nguva yerinema yakanaka yakatanga muna 1927 nekambani yefirimu Warner Brothers. Mufananidzo we "Jazz Singer" waiva kubudirira kukuru, zvichiunza mari yakawanda. Imwe yekutanga muimba yemutambo firimu ndeye "Mafambiro kuUpenyu", iyo yakaratidzwa muna March 1931.

Muna 1922 yekutanga mavara mafirimu akabudiswa, yakanga yakarembera kwazvo, uye yakanga isingadikanwi nevateereri. Iko pekutanga "full-fledged" mafirimu mafupi ndeaLa Cucaracha, uye yekutanga firimu yakareba yakareba yakaonekwa muna 1935 uye yakava kutanga kwevaraidza cinema.