Chii pemvura Mercury? Mercury Features

Pemvura Mercury, vachitaura zvishoma, afanane mwedzi. Yakakura mapani uye yakawanda craters anoratidza kuti Geological basa panyika ikanyarara kwemabhiriyoni emakore akapfuura.

pamusoro unaku

Pemvura Mercury (Photo inoratidza gare gare munyaya), filmed vachiongorora "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-10" uye "mutumwa", zvakanga zvakafanana pakuonekwa kuna Moon. Planet zvikuru Dziine craters pamusoro inosiyana. Ruduku chaioneka zvikuru zvakawanda mifananidzo "Kumufambisi Wechikepe" kunoyerwa mashomanana zana metres dhayamita. The nzvimbo pakati huru craters pfupi sandara uye zviri pachena. Ndizvo zvakafanana womudenga pamusoro, asi zvinotora kumusoro zvikuru nzvimbo. nharaunda kwakadaro vakakomba dzepamusorosoro zvazvinoita Mercury maumbirwo aumba somugumisiro imwe kudhumhana, - Plain Heat dziva (Caloris Planitia). Pamusangano ne "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-10" akanga akafukidzwa chete hafu, uye zvakanga zvaunenge "nhume" panguva yaro flyby rokutanga yemapuraneti January 2008.

craters

Rakajairika hurongwa ndiwo craters yepasi kuti mamiriro enzvimbo. Ivo zvikuru kufukidza pamusoro yose Mercury. Planet (mifananidzo kuratidzwa pazasi) pakutanga peziso anotarira somwedzi, asi ivo akaratidza misiyano chinonakidza pedyo kudzidza.

Giravhiti musi Mercury kupfuura kaviri mwedzi, pamwe nokuda mukuru arambe achirema waro neerekitironi hombe zvinosanganisira simbi nesarufa. A guru simba regiravhiti ruchigona kuchengeta nyaya vabudiswa kubva mwena, pedyo matambudziko nzvimbo. Zvichienzaniswa mwedzi, zviri kwakadonha ari chinhambwe 65 chete% mwedzi. Izvi zvinogona kuva chimwe chezvinhu akonzera kuti nyika yechipiri craters inoumbwa matambudziko ari vabudiswa zvinhu, kusiyana chikuru yomuka zvakananga pamusoro kudhumhana ane asteroid kana kometi. Higher giravhiti zvinoreva kuti maumbirwo yakaoma uye ezvirevo kuti anowanzoramba pamusoro craters guru - nechepakati Nhongonya, kumawere uye anotsvedzerera chawo - musi Mercury kuchengetwa craters zvidiki (Minimum dhayamita anenge 10 km) kupfuura Moon (anenge 19 km). hukuru maduku zvivako izvi zvine nyore mukombe-kufanana chimiro. Mercury craters akasiyana Mars, kunyange zvazvo mapuraneti aya maviri vari rakafanana regiravhiti. Fresh craters wokutanga kazhinji Hwakadzika kupfuura kuenderana dzidzo yechipiri. Izvi zvingava zvakafanira kuti yakaderera zviri volatiles vari cortex pamusoro Mercury kana yepamusoro Drum aimhanya (kubva kumhanya chinhu ane kunowedzera pamusoro gwenya muchadenga rava kusvika Sun).

Craters kupfuura 100 makiromita mu dhayamita vanotanga kutaura denderedzwa chimiro runowanzoitika idzodzo huru izvi. zvivako izvi - polycyclic madziva - vane kukura 300? km kana kupfuura uye mugumisiro wacho kwemotokari simba kupfuura. dzakawanda Vanoverengeka vavo akawanikwa ari mufananidzo zvikamu nyika. Image "Mutumwa" uye Laser altimetry vakabatsirawo chaizvo kunzwisisa residual mavanga aya kubva mangwanani asteroid bombardment pamusoro Mercury.

Caloris Basin

kugwinha ichi chivako kunosvika kuti 1,550? km. Kana anoona kwokutanga "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-10" zvaifungwa kuti saizi yayo huduku zvikuru. Yomukati inosvika chinhu chiri pachena kumeso anodzivirira akapeta uye yakaputsika concentric yeChina. The Kudeuka neeSultan gomo ruoko anoverengeka zana makiromita pakureba, vanenge 3 km paupamhi uye makubhiti 300 kumusoro. Over 200 hwatsvuka akafanana saizi micheto kunobva pakati pamapani; vazhinji vavo vari dzegirini shoma mihoronga (grabens). Apo grabens piringisha ari anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, avanotarisira kuti napo, izvo zvinoratidza kuti avo inotungamirwa akazotevera.

The mhando pamusoro

Caloris Basin akapoteredzwa nezvemarudzi maviri Nzvimbo - yake unopinza uye kuzorodzwa inoumbwa ne vabudiswa padombo. Mupendero mhete iri kutadza gomo kutigumbura richisvika 3 km kukwira, inova zvepamusoro makomo munyika pachena pamwe nekaupenyu kumawere mugwara nechepakati. mhete rechipiri riri munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva duku zvikuru 100-150? km kubva pakutanga. Nokuti kwokunze dzakatenuka ari mapazi ose Linear TOUR anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri nemipata zvishoma akazadza mumipata, zvimwe izvo rakazara vakawanda zvikomo uye anorovera akawanda zana mamita. Mabviro masangano anoumba rakafara mhete akapoteredza Caloris dhishi, dzinopesana. Vamwe pamapani ari Moon akaumbwa zvikurukuru nokuda kukurukurirana pamusoro akabuda ane huripo rokuyamura pamusoro, uye nesimba uyewo ndezvechokwadi Mercury. Asi "Mutumwa" Migumisiro zvinoratidza kuti basa rinokosha vakagadzirira ravo airidza kuputika basa. Kwete chete pane zvishoma craters, zvichienzaniswa ane kupisa dziva, zvichiratidza kuti kuramba tichishanda nguva Papurazi, asi vane zvimwe zvinhu, zvikuru pachena chokuita volcanism pane anogona kuonekwa mifananidzo yakatorwa "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-10". Yokusarudza hwokuti kuputika avapo vachishandisa mifananidzo "NHUME 'kuratidza anoputika, zvizhinji izvo dziri pamwe rokunze kumucheto pachena kupisa.

mwena Raditladi

Caloris ndomumwe yomuduku guru polycyclic mumapani, dzinenge dziri kuongororwa chikamu Mercury. It pamwe kuumbwa panguva imwe chete, uye kana wokupedzisira hofori nemamiriro pamusoro mwedzi - anenge mabhiriyoni 3.9 apfuura. Image "NHUME 'kwakaratidza mumwe, duku zvikuru zvazvinoita mwena ane chinooneka mhete rwomukati, vangadaro kuumbwa papfuura ainzi Raditladi dziva.

chinoshamisa antipode

Kune rimwe divi nyika chaiyo 180 ° pakatarisana Plain Heat raiva mugove kufanira isiriyo nzvimbo. Masayendisiti vanodudzira chokwadi ichi, achiti pamusoro zvavo mawa dzichiumbwa nokutarisa kuti zvizivikanwe nemichina nemafungu kubva pazviitiko dzakawira antipodal pose Mercury. Nemumakomo nomunzvimbo dzine uye Akabvongodza mitsetse imvura nzvimbo kwakadzikira vaimiririra polygons nemumakomo 5-10? Km pahupamhi uye kukwira kusvikira 1,5? Km kukwira. Pre-huripo craters ikashanduka zvikomo uye makatsemuka zvizivikanwe nemichina pezvakaitwa kuti kuguma kuzorodzwa uye chimiro. Vamwe vavo vaiva kunyange pasi, asi zvino vachinja chimiro chayo, zvichiratidza kuti gare gare ichizadza pavo.

mapani

Plain - a hwakanyatsorwisa sandara kana zvinyoronyoro undulating pose Mercury, Venus, Earth uye Mars, izvo zviri kwose pamusoro mapuraneti aya. Rinomiririra "kanivhasi", iro nzvimbo yakatanga. The mumapani chiratidzo nedanho kuparadzwa akaoma uye kuumba flattened nzvimbo.

Pane nzira dzinenge nhatu kuti "kukuya", akavonga iyo, zvichida, voparadza pose Mercury.

Imwe nzira - fivha - kunoderedza simba goko uye kukwanisa kwayo kuyeuka dzakakwirira zororo. Over mamiriyoni makore gomo "singi", pasi craters ose Mercury rinokwira uye pemvura rakaparadza.

nzira yechipiri kunosanganisira zvinofamba matombo kune kudzika kwenzvimbo pasi chiito regiravhiti. With dombo vaunganidza pamusoro nguva uye anozadza mu dzegirini yepamusoro nhanho nokuwedzera vhorumu kwayo. Saka kuzvibata dhaka Rwako muura panyika.

A Nzira yechitatu iri kutaura dombo zvimedu pamusoro pemvura Mercury kumusoro, izvo pakupedzisira inotungamirira kuti ine inogara zvokuyamura. Muenzaniso uyu mashandiro choutsi pamatombo dzingava pakugadzirwa craters uye kuputika nedota.

kuputika Activity

Vamwe uchapupu Inosendamira akananga pfungwa pamusoro pemaitiro kuputika basa pakugadzirwa vazhinji mumapani dzakapoteredza Caloris bheseni, zvave hwatoitwa. Other mumapani mudiki musi Mercury, kunyanya kuoneka kumatunhu yakavhenekerwa yakaderera yorusvingo panguva flyby kuti "mutumwa" wokutanga, vanoratidza unhu zvinoitwa volcanism. Somuenzaniso, craters ekare akawanda vakazadzwa kusvikira pamuromo dhaka Rwako, akafanana chete idzodzo pamusoro Moon uye Mars. Zvisinei, mapani kwakapararira pamusoro Mercury zvakawanda zvakaoma kuongorora. Nekuti vakura, zviri pachena kuti vamwe anoputika uye kuputika idzodzo aigona kuva pasi kwevhu kana kuparara zvakadaro, nokuvaita zvakaoma kutsanangura. Kunzwisisa mapani ekare izvi zvinokosha, sezvo vari vangangoora munyaya kunyangarika vakawanda craters ane dhayamita pakati 10-30 km zvichienzaniswa Moon.

scarp

Chinonyanya kukosha siyana Mercury kuti kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, iyo kupa pfungwa dzomunyika nemamiriro nyika vari mazana asina kuenzana dzezvitsigiro. Kureba dombo zvichisiyana dzakawanda kupfuura chiuru makiromita, uye kukwirira - kubva 100 M kusvika 3 km. Kana ukatarira kumusoro, avo micheto kuzviratidza woita kana scalloped. Zviri pachena kuti ichi ndicho - mugumisiro cracking walnut, kana chikamu pasi vakasimuka akawira nzvimbo dzakapoteredza. On Earth, zvivako zvakadaro shoma iri kukura uye kuitika yomunzvimbo chinjikira compression ari goko. Asi zvose kuongorora pemvura Mercury chakafukidzwa escarpment, zvinoratidza kuti goko yepasi kare kuita shoma. The nhamba uye geometry pamusoro scarps, zvinoreva kuti nyika ipfupi mu dhayamita kubudikidza 3 km.

Uyezve, shrinkage inofanira mberi kusvikira tichishandisa ichangopfuura mune Geological munhoroondo nguva kubva mamwe scarps reshaped akachengetedzwa (uye nokudaro hama kuti muduku) was craters. Tava kuderera chepakutanga mukuru-nokukurumidza vachishandisa kutenderera nyika naTidhari mauto compression anogadzirwa Equatorial latitudes Mercury. Zvisinei, munyika yose zvakaparadzira scarps, anoratidza chimwe tsananguro Papera kutonhora jasi, zvichida Rakabatanidzwa kamwe zvachose Rakasimbisa chikamu yakanyungudutswa chinoumba, zvakaguma compression pamusoro chinoumba uye dzihwa goko deformation. Kuderedza kukura Mercury panguva kutonhora nguvo yake kwaizounza zvakawanda longitudinal hurongwa pane kuonekwa, zvichiratidza kuti incompleteness yacho compression kwacho.

Mercury pevhu ndiyo: chii?

Masayendisiti vakaedza azive Kuronga nyika, ichitsvaka chezuva kunooneka kubva muzvikamu ayo akasiyana. Mumwe musiyano pakati Mercury uye Moon, kunze kwokuti wokutanga yati zvasviba, ndiko kuti kuwanda pamusoro kupenya nayo duku. Somuenzaniso, gungwa Sputnik - wakatsetseka nzvimbo, chaioneka akashama ziso sezvo hombe rima panzvimbo - zvasviba kupfuura flecked cratered dzakakwirira uye pamapani Mercury ndiyo zvishoma zvasviba chete. Ruvara Kusiyana zvishoma raidudzwa panyika, kunyange zvazvo mifananidzo "Mutumwa", akaita achishandisa seti ruvara filters, akaratidza chidukuduku mavara nzvimbo chokuita anoputika. zvinhu izvi uye pfupi featureless zvinooneka uye pedo michini chakarondedzera ari airatidza chezuva, anoratidza kuti Mercury pamusoro chinosanganisira asi murombo vesimbi titanium silicate zvicherwa zvasviba ruvara ichienzaniswa making Maria. Kunyanya, nyika matombo vanogona kuva pasi kugutsikana nesimbi oxides (FeO), uye izvi zvinotungamirira nokufungidzira kuti yakatangwa mune zvakawanda kuderedza ezvinhu (kureva. E. Kushaya okisijeni) pane dzimwe nhengo yenyika.

Zvinetso kure tsvakurudzo

Zvakaoma chaizvo kuona Kuronga nyika kubudikidza kure vachifunga pamusoro chakarondedzera chezuva uye kupisa nemwaranzi, izvo zvinoreva pose Mercury. Planet zvakasimba pakutsamwisana iyo alters ari Manyiminya ehupfumi ari chicherwa nezvimedu uye zvinoomesa zvakananga dudziro. Zvisinei, "Mutumwa" rave vakapakata nhumbi akawanda, akanga asipo mungarava "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-10", akayera makemikari chicherwa sezvamunoita zvakananga. mano izvi tora yakareba pakuongorora, apo ngarava akagara pedyo Mercury, saka chaizvo zvabuda mushure navatatu vokutanga pfupi zvaiva haana. Chete panguva orbital basa "Mutumwa" akanga ruzivo rwakakwana itsva Dhavhidhi angave akanyorerei yepasi pevhu.