Chii ehupfumi vane receptors: STRUCTURAL features, marudzi uye mabasa

Nhasi tichataura pamusoro chii ehupfumi vari receptors, funga siyana uye mamiriro analyzers. hwedu kwaizova zvachose zvisingabviri pasina Kanotokonya. Chimbofungidzira kuti upenyu kuti seungano pasina yedu kunzwa, kuona, kunhuwidza, kubata, kuravira.

Wekutanga chikuru nerevane analyzer - ndiyo dziviriro. Pasina kunzwa, isu hatingavatengeri kukwanisa kunzwa chero anonongedzera nyevero (motokari, nechimbichimbi redhiyo shambadzo uye zvichingodaro); pasina chiratidzo zvaizochengetwa zvakazara achinyatsotaurira murima, haana kuziva kuti yakanaka nyika yedu; Munhuhwi anokwanisawo kutidzivirira kubva njodzi (somuenzaniso, apo gasi vhinza); pfungwa havambozivi rinotitaurira pamusoro zvaibvira kukuvadza anogona kukuvadza muviri; kuravira Mafundo unotipa kusiyanisa inotapira kubva wakawanda kana yakashapa. Ngatimbotaura zvishoma pamusoro manzwiro uye kutendeukira kuna mubvunzo chii zvivako zviri receptors.

nezvekufadza

mashomanana chete inogona kusiyanisa marudzi nezvekufadza :

• ganda chishamiso;
• pfungwa manakiro;
• kunhuhwidza;
• ziso nezvekufadza;
• auditory chishamiso;
• nezvenzvimbo muchadenga;
• pfungwa kufamba;
• Organic.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti wokutanga mhando zvinosanganisira:

• kubata;
• kumanikidzwa;
• pfungwa kubata;
• tembiricha chishamiso;
• marwadzo.

Pakazosvika 6 ndipo uye 7 fung boka inosanganisira kunofambira mberi uye kinetic. By rechi8 pfungwa isu pakuudza mhando aya nezvekufadza:

• nzara;
• nyota;
• kunzwa nhengo dzomukati uye zvichingodaro.

Tisati kureva chii ehupfumi vane receptors, ongorora nemarudzi avo.

marudzi receptors

Zvino isu kukupa kutungamirira kupatsanura mune zvimwe. Paakabvunzwa kuti unhu vane namabukira, zvipenyu (giredhi 8) vadzidzi vanofanira kupindura. Tinoona zvivako uye mashandiro ari chinotevera, uye ikozvino - the kupatsanura pakati omumwe wacho anotikurudzira:

• mechanoreceptors;
• chemoreceptors;
• thermoreceptors;
• photoreceptors;
• nociceptors.

Chimwe kupatsanura isu akatungamirira, inobva pfungwa nemaonero psychophysiology. Yeuka kuti receptors vari mapoka mapoka;

• ziso;
• kunzwa;
• ngazvirege kutongoravira;
• olfactory;
• tactile, kana haptic.

Mashandiro uye zvivako zviri receptors

Muchikamu chino tichakurukura mifananidzo, mashandiro uye zvivako zviri Kanotokonya. Saka, pakati ehupfumi vangazivikanwa:

• specificity;
• utetsa.

Zvino zvishoma pamusoro mumwe nomumwe wavo. By specificity zvinonzi zvaireva kuti Kanotokonya anoona chimwe chete chinenge. Iyo receptors vari monomodal, asi ichi hachisi zvazviri nguva dzose, sezvo vakawanda kugona kwavo kunzwisisa uye dzimwe nokushatiriswa nehanya navo chete chiduku zvikuru.

Saka isu zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika yechipiri pfuma - nehanya. It kuyerwa, mufananidzo uyu ane zita - nemhedziso pachikumbaridzo. Pano zvinokosha kuziva kuti receptors inogona kupatsanurwa kumhanya kuchinjira kumamiriro:

• tonic;
• intermediates;
• danho.

Kanotokonya basa:

• zvichikurukura;
• oshandura mumuviri simba kupinda tsinga nomunhu;
• Initial kuongorora kuuya kuitika.

Types uye mamiriro analyzers

Zvinotaurwa ehupfumi pamusoro receptors, tiri zvishomanana akaongororwa. Tinopa kuenda mhando uye mamiriro analyzers.

Chokutanga, tinofanira suma pfungwa "analyzer" pacharo. Izvi zvakaoma hurongwa tsinga zvivako, hunoita kuongorora zviratidzo kubva kunze. Anogona patsanura maererano siyana zvinodiwa, isuwo kupa kupatsanura kubudikidza chinangwa. Saka analyzers akakamurwa:

• zvekunze;
• mukati;
• muviri nzvimbo;
• marwadzo.

The nemamiriro analyzer inogona muzvikamu zvitatu:

• peripheral;
• kondakita;
• nechepakati.

Wokutanga dhipatimendi Itai receptors kuti rechipiri - dzouropi redunhu rechitatu - 2 mhando Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti vanoita date ongororo.

kuona

Takazoziva chii mukuru ehupfumi ose receptors. Zvino isu kutaura zvishoma pamusoro kuona centre. Kuti kuva succinct kwazvo, ari kutarisana analyzer chinosanganisira zvinotevera hurongwa:

• Manyiminya;
• rutsigiro;
• Neural.

izvi zvose zvinobatsira kunzwisisa uye kuongorora chiedza anonongedzera. Kana isu kutaura oga pamusoro murume, nemhaka yokuti maziso chete mutsetse, zvinokwanisika kutsanangura zvimwe parameters:

• udzamu;
• vhorumu;
• daro uye zvichingodaro.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti munhu kuona binocular.

kunzwa

Saka, chii ehupfumi vane receptors? Yeuka: nehanya uye specificity. hapana zvachinja panyaya auditory receptors. Nenzeve, tinogona chete kunzwa. Izvi kamwe zvakare zvinopupurira kuti chaizvo receptors, asi musaonesesa mahonyera zvose. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti auditory receptors vane utetsa pfuma.

The kunzwa kwevanhu Hurongwa haagoni kunzwisisa Ultrasound uye infrasound. Sei? Infrasound chinozunguzirwa siyana idukusa 20 Hz, uye Ultrasound - zvinopfuura 20 KHz, riri mhiri munhu utetsa chikumbaridzo auditory receptors.

kubata

Takurukura zvinonyatsorehwa physiology kugamuchirwa asiwo tactile receptors. Mumazana muviri wedu riri guru kwazvo tactile receptors. Zviri kuvonga kwavari tinogona kusiyanisa dzihwa kubva inopisa, nemadhaka akaoma. Zvinokosha kuziva chokwadi kuti zvose zvakasiyana receptors, kureva, mumwe mutariri tembiricha, apo vamwe - nokuti marwadzo uye zvichingodaro.

munhuhwi

Toti mashoko mashomanana pamusoro kunhuhwidza. Mhino munhu kungoti anoda kuburikidza munhuhwi isu munhuwi, zvakabikwa zvokudya uye zvichingodaro. The mhino inotidzivirira pangozi dzakawanda, izvo zviri zvimwe zviitiko kunyange dzinouraya vanhu. Munhuwi anogona kuchinja manzwiro uye mafungiro. Yeuka, nokuti chokwadi une kufarira kunhuwirira uduku (kunogona mukaka yakachena, kubika munhuhwi kana mai vake pefiyumu).

Kana tikafunga mhuka nyika, asiwo nzira yokudzivisa zvimwe matambudziko (mhuka miganhu yavo, varume zvishoma simba kumbobvira kuisa rutsoka mundima kusimba).

vestibular midziyo

Havasi vose vanoziva kuti muviri womunhu ine unyanzvi hwakasiyana receptors anotigonesa kuti kuziva nzvimbo yaro muchadenga. Kana vakanga vasipo, paisazova kunzwa wokuva husisina kumira (somuenzaniso, Vatasvi, kana kuita Acrobatic mazano uye zvakadaro), tingadai kuwira pasi chechetere, kutambura dzungu husingaperi uye zvichingodaro.

mudziyo Izvi nani kunzwisisa. Kana pane hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka mubasa rake, kuti munhu aifanira kuva tsvarakadenga zvakaipa, zvokuti dzidziso iri muchadenga, anongoti asingagoni.

manakiro

Uye pakupedzisira - zvishoma pamusoro chii muupenyu hwedu tora kuravira. manakiro Mafundo First unotipa kusiyanisa manakiro zvokudya.

vanhu vose vanokwanisa kunzwa manakiro unhu, sezvo mutauro mamiriro zvachose kufanana, uye manakiro namabukira inowanikwa nechepamusoro. Vane zita - zvakabikwa wotungira. Mumutauro wedu, avo vakasiyana zvikuru, asi umwe chete ndiye anokonzera imwe mubvute kuravira.