Chii chinonzi microprocessor? marudzi microprocessors

Computer inokwanisa kuti tishande pamwe huru kunyatsoshanda. Asi ivo vose kushanda? Izvi zvinobatsira zvakawanda zvakasiyana mano uye hurongwa. Uye mumwe wavo ari microprocessor. Chii? Ndezvipi mabasa ayo? Ndezvipi zvainyanya kuitwa mudziyo uyu? Chii chinonzi microprocessor mapurani? Chii parameters kunoenderana payo?

Chii chinonzi microprocessor?

Ndizvo zano, iyo inotongwa software. Its basa - kubudiswa digitaalinen mashoko uye basa iri kwacho. Microprocessor kuzvidzora inofanira duku, asi panguva imwe chete dzichipfekeka. anouya achibva ichi dzinoverengeka zvivako, iyo zvino richabatwa kurondedzerwa. Chinozoiswa pamusoro microprocessor (zvakawandisa) makuru Integrated nematunhu ((C) bis), izvo zvingava akawanda zvidimbu. dzakananga kwavari:

1. Low mutengo (zvinoshanda vakawanda production).
2. kugadzira nyore (imwe zvemichina);
3. Zvinotora kumusoro chiduku (mashoma mativi masendimita kana kunyange millimeters).
4. High rakavimbika.
5. Vapedzei shoma simba.

microprocessor mudziyo yekudyidzana kunoenderana pakuvaka kwayo mapurani. Next, zvichava kuchengetedzwa uye pasi Article achapiwa aongorora mhando nhatu.

mabasa

Izvi imhaka yokuti chii ivo kugovera. Saka, kuti microprocessor mabasa:

1. Verenga uye decrypt mirairo dzinobva huru ndangariro.
2. Anogamuchira uye kurongedza zvikumbiro kubva adapteri pamusoro basa (varanda) kwokunze namano.
3. Kuverenga mashoko kubva ndangariro uye TR evoruzhinji.
4. Gadzira kuzvidzora anonongedzera vanomhanya Via mamwe nodes namatombo pachedu kombiyuta.
5. Dzinoona mashoko uye kuti kupinda yavo huru ndangariro, uyewo evoruzhinji nechitarisiko mano.

Unhu Main of microprocessor

In zvachose pane zvina:

1. Wedzeredzei.
2. Performance.
3. The murayiro hurongwa.
4. Bhuku addressable ndangariro.

microprocessors boka

Ivo vatatu:

1. CISC. Pane yakazara vanochengeta mirayiro.
2. RISC. Pane kuderedzwa mirayiridzo yakatarwa.
3. Misc. Pane risingamboshandisi vanochengeta mirayiro, asi pane refu nokukurumidza nokuda kirasi iyi namano.

Microprocessors akadai CISC

Vanogona kushanda sechikamu nomumbure kombiyuta. Uyewo pane mukana multitasking uye ndangariro kudzivirira. The microprocessors kwakadai kunogona kushanda mu modes zviviri: chaivo uye kudzivirirwa. Wokutanga rinobvumira multi-tasking, uye mbune unoratidzwa ndangariro. Uyezve, zvinonzi kudzivirirwa kunze komutemo accesses. In chaiye kwadzinoita inoita godo pamusoro microprocessor 8086 uye pane imwe-muitiro basa.

Microprocessors RISC mhando

Inongova kupfuura kushandiswa mirayiro. Kana zvakakodzera, ita chinhu kunzwisisa ikabereka "ungano" anodiwa functionality. Panguva murayiro yakapedza mumwe chete muchina kunoita nokuda yakafanana kuurayiwa, uye avo nokuiswa. Enzanisa ari CISC iri duku kuenda vakawanda mana.

Chii chinonzi microprocessor?

It akataura zvikamu zviviri:

1. Kushanda. It unotora munhu kudzora Unit, svomhu pfungwa uye microprocessor ndangariro.
2. Inowanikwa. It unotora kero zvenhoroondo, zviteshi uye bhazi kuzvidzora redunhu, uye misa mirayiro.

Chinokosha mavakirwo - ari musoro sangano rimwe microprocessor, iyo inosarudza zvachiri, zvivako uye mukana kuvaka kadambari gadziriro yakavakirwa mudziyo uyu. Kune mhando nhatu huru: CISC, RISC uye Misc (uyu kana tiri kutaura pamusoro nokudenga mano). Saka, vane mapoka inoverengeka evoruzhinji anoshanda pamwe kunosiyana inosiyana kufanoronga. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kuvhiya chaizvoizvo "pipelining". Izvi kunobatsirawo pamusoro chinobudirira unongotaura. PC microprocessor yemanyorero anoshumira mumwe chete chikwata - semuenzaniso, imwe kiibhodhi.

Architecture CISC

Complex Instruction Set Computer - mirayiridzo yakakwana kuti kombiyuta. Details of microprocessor pamwe mavakirwo unosimbiswa:

1. Vane vakawanda mirayiro, izvo kusiyaniswa functionality dzavo, urefu uye format.
2. Various kugadzirisa maitiro.
3. Present kunzwisisa Coding zvikwata.

Chii akitekicha ichi microprocessors? Ava kunzwisisa mano, chikuru muupenyu riri functionality.

RISC akitekicha

Neb Instrucktion Set Computer - yunifomu mirayiridzo pakombiyuta. Details of microprocessor pamwe mavakirwo unosimbiswa:

1. Anoshandisa itsanangudzo mhando mirayiro ino; ivo vose vane zvakafanana nokungoti hunhu. The Data kubva RAM kuva mazita ari microprocessor ndiEzekieri mwoyo vachizvitakudza mirayiridzo.
2. Pasinei kumhanya Data microprocessors kunogona hwakanyatsorwisa pasi wachi mwero uye yakaderera mwero kusangana pakati VLSI redunhu.
3. Mirayiro kubereka kunetseka pamusoro RAM.
4. Asi debug basa zvirongwa musi RISC ndiyo yakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru kupfuura ari CISC.
5. Hazvibviri kushandisa chirongwa chete kuti CISC.

Architecture Misc

Multipurpose Instruction Set Computer - mirayiridzo Multipurpose Panyaya kombiyuta. Vanoedza nokubatanidza zvakanakira CISC uye RISC. Pano, kuti chinhu chawo ari vakaungana kubva nomumwe zvikamu (anowanzoshandurwa aibatanidza mune chete redzimba):

1. Mukuru chikamu. Zvichienderana mavakirwo RISC.
2. The extensible chikamu. It kunofambidzana ROM firmware zvakanaka.

The hurongwa anowana Zvivako zviri CISC. Saka, mirayiro dzinokosha dziri kumhanyira pachishandiswa inopiwa RISC. Panguva iyo kune kuwedzera, iyo "pave ne" firmware. Hwaro RISC anoita zvose mirayiro mune rimwe kutenderera. Zvino ekisitenjeni anoshandisa kunzwisisa vanochengeta mirayiro. Nokuda pamberi ROM anobvisa zvakaipira RISC michini, kana mumwe mutauro mukuru-pamwero iri paainyora bumbiro hwokushanda, atova decrypted uye akazaruka kuti programmer. Ndizvo microprocessors uye zvivako vakadaro vanofanira mune mashoko mavakirwo kuvakwa yavo.

mhedziso

Chii microprocessors uye kuti nhema pamwoyo kushanda yavo - takaita akaongororwa. Chokwadi, kunzwisisa zvose nuances mano izvi, unofanira kupedzera nguva yakawanda uye kujaira ine bhuku uye muunganidzwa hurukuro. Asi chinoita vatovako.