Chii chinonzi electromagnet? mhando dzavo uye chinangwa

Nyaya inotsanangura kuti ive electromagnet yakadaro, dzinopesana pamusoro pei, uye mune zvipi akashandiswa ichi mhando magnets a.

remagineti

Zvichida chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa, asi panguva imwe chete ari nyore mumuviri siyana ndiyo remagineti. Asi makore anopfuura zviuru zvitatu akapfuura, nyanzvi Greece yekare uye China vazhinji aizivikanwa kujairika ehupfumi kuti "rinobva namabwe."

Panguva iyoyowo, magnets a yedu hapana chitsva, kunyange simba - pahwaro neodymium. Vari kazhinji kutengeswa sezvo trinkets kana kusangana navo uve akasiyana-siyana zviridzwa uye zvigadziriswe. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti zvinokosha remagineti kune nesayenzi uye michina mberi.

Asi panguva pakutanga XIX remakore nayo akasikwa zano akadai ane electromagnet. Saka chii chinonzi electromagnet, sei akunoita uye kupi kushandisa? Izvi ndizvo zvatichakurukura munyaya ino.

tsananguro

Electromagnet - chaiyo mudziyo, kushanda iyo pave remagineti pamusoro kushanda magetsi. Kazhinji, inoitwa electromagnets chezvinhu ichitenderera uye chinoumba, ine ferromagnetic ehupfumi.

The coils Kazhinji zvakagadzirwa nemhangura kana aruminiyamu waya pamusoro thicknesses siyana, nokungwarira yakafukidzwa kuputira. Asi pane electromagnets ose superconducting zvinhu. Pachavo sezvo rinobva cores zvakaitwa simbi, simbi-nickel alloys kana simbi. Kuitira kurerutsa kurasikirwa iri Eddy dzenzvimbo, iri rinobva cores wakaumbwa zvayakaita yose iine matetetete. Zvino tinoziva kuti magineti. Ngatikurukurei muudzame nhoroondo mudziyo ichi anobatsira.

nyaya

Musiki electromagnet vaiona Uilyam Sterdzhen. Ndiye muna 1825 akaita wokutanga magineti yakadaro. Zvayakaita mudziyo chinhu cylindrical chidimbu chesimbi, iyo wakamoneredzwa makobvu insulated mhangura waya. Panguva apo akabvumira magetsi kubva resimbi tsvimbo magineti ehupfumi yakawanikwa. Uye kana kuitika aibuda iri hwakakanganiswa, rose mudziyo remagineti pakarepo akarasika. It ndirwo - kuti vakwanise kana chokukuvadza kana zvakakodzera - uye rinobvumira kushandiswa electromagnets munyika dzinoverengeka zviripo uye maindasitiri mabhora.

Tataura mubvunzo chii chiri electromagnet. Zvino, isu kuongorora mhando yayo inokosha. Zvakaparadzana zvichienderana nzira generating munhu remagineti. Asi basa ravo chinoramba zvakafanana.

mhando

The electromagnets vari marudzi anotevera:

• Kwazvakarerekera DC. In ichi urongwa rinobva nekubudisa kunotangira kugara Magetsi vakayambuka coils. Izvi zvinoreva kuti simba kukwezvana yacho electromagnet dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana chete pamusoro kukosha magetsi pane zvakaudzwa yaro ichitenderera.
• Inobudisa DC. Zvakaitwa electromagnet uyu mhando inobva pamberi maviri akazvimirira rinobva fluxes. Kana isu kutaura polarizing, ayo pamberi inowanzopiwa akasikwa kubudikidza magnets a zvachose (mu zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko - mamwe electromagnets), uye zvakafanira kusika anokwezva simba kana coils iri adzima. Uye izvozvo zviri electromagnet anoenderana pezvemakuriro uye achitungamirirwa Magetsi iyo zvinopfakanyika ichitenderera.
• AC. In akadaro mano, asi solenoid coils riri Powered AC magetsi. Saizvozvowo, neumwe maitikiro rinobva nekubudisa anoshandura mirayiridzo yaro uye zvikuru. A Kukwezva simba kusiyanisa mu nokukura chete, izvo Ndokusaka "pulsating" kubva zvishoma kuti kunonyanyisa chamunowana imwe kakawanda iyo ine mbiri ukoshi panyaya kakawanda rayo nerubatsiro Magetsi.

With kuti, chii maonero avo, tiri kutoziva. Zvino, ngationei mienzaniso kushandisa electromagnets.

indasitiri

Zvichida vose kanenge kamwe, asi ndaona Misiyano mudziyo uyu ave vachisimudza magineti. Izvi gobvu "Pancakes" pamusoro diameters siyana, izvo mukuru anokwezva simba uye rinoshandiswa kutakura zvinhu, chinyorwa simbi, uye vakawanda mumwe simbi. The zvivanakire kuti simba kubvisa zvakakwana - uye wose mutoro pakarepo disengaged, ndiEzekieri. Izvi nyore zvikuru nedanho vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa.

The Simba electromagnet, nenzira, rinowanikwa pamwe mutoo: F = 40550 ∙ B ^ 2 ∙ S. Ngationgororei izvozvo zvizere. Muchiitiko chino, F - ndiro simba makirogiramu (kunogonawo kuyerwa muna Newtons), B - kukosha induction, uye S - kushanda pose nzvimbo mudziyo.

mushonga

Mukupera XIX remakore, electromagnets dzave inoshandiswa mukurapa. Mumwe muenzaniso wakadaro - zano rinokosha kuti yaigona kubviswa pamberi mitumbi yokumwe (simbi Shavings, ngura, scale, etc).

Uye munguva yedu, iyo electromagnets tiri zvikuru inoshandiswa mukurapa, uye zvichida mumwe mano izvi, izvo zvose vakanzwa - ndiye MRI. It anoshanda pahwaro rinobva resonance kuri, uye, chokwadi, chinhu chikuru uye simba electromagnets.

midziyo

Uyewo, magnets a vakadaro zvinoshandiswa siyana engineering zvemagetsi, mudzimai bhora, zvakadai Vhudzi. Vhudzi akadaro yakakunakira pakuti vane kutsanya chaizvo uye nyore kushandisa, asi zviri zvakakwana panjodzi patsanura chivako - uye zvose achasvinudzwa, izvo chaizvo nyore kana moto.

Uye, chokwadi, basa rose ataure hwakarongwa pamusoro pemisimboti yemagetsi.

Sezvaunogona kuona, ichi chinhu chinokosha zvikuru zano kuti rave kushandiswa muminda zvesainzi siyana.