Chii chakakonzerwa nekombiyuta?

Izvo zvivakwa zvePC yemazuva ano isangano rinonzwisisika, sarudzo uye zvigadzirwa, izvozvi, nzira dzekombiyuta. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kugoverwa kweimwe nguva mukana wekugadziriswa kwekodzero.

Inotonga pakuvaka kombiyuta

Nheyo yekombiyuta yemazuva ano ndiyo mitemo yePc architecture, yakaumbwa naJohn Neumann:

1. Hurongwa hwehurongwa. Iyo inoumbwa neboka remirairo iyo inogadziridza inoita zvisiri nyore (imwe pashure peimwe mune imwe tsananguro).

2. Kuwirirana kwekuyeuka. Zvirongwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakachengetwa mune chimwe chikamu chokuyeuka. Zvimwe zviito zvinoitwa pane zvose data uye mirairo.

3. Targetedness. Iyo huru yekuyeuka inosanganisira nhamba dzakaverengeka (masero).

Kuvaka pakombiyuta

Chikoro chekuvakwa kwePC chakavakirwa pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Iyo inogadza mamiriro ekushanda, ruzivo rwekukurukurirana, kuwirirana kwemashoko makuru anonzwisisika ekombiyuta yega. Izvi zvinosanganisira yekuyeuka uye kwekuyeuka kukuru, iyo inoshandiswa yekugadzirisa unit and devices peripheral.

Iyo kombiyuta pachayo inogadziriswa inourayiwa nenzira yehutungamiri hukuru huripo. Zvipupuriro zvakabatanidzwa kuburikidza kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakatsaurirwa . Izvo zvivakwa zvePC zvine zvinyorwa zvinotevera: amaibhobho, magetsi, magetsi uye magetsi anoshanda, interfaces kune zvimwe zvekushandisa nekunze. Uyewo, bhobhobhodhi (urongwa) bhodhi ine bhandi rinonzi microprocessor, mhepo inopisa jenereta, chikwata chemathematical uye chips chiyeuchidzo. Uyewo timer, vatungamiri vezvibvumirano zvemhepo, vhidhiyo uye kadhi rakanaka.

Maumbirwo ePC anobva pane modular-trunk principle. Mutemo uyu unobvumira mutengi kuzvigadzirisa zvakakwana kushandiswa kweidiwa kwekombiyuta yega, uye (kana zvichidikanwa) kuti aite zvekuvandudza. Izvo zviri nyore zvekugadzirisa sangano rehurongwa iri mumutsara wekushungurudza kwe data. Vatongi vezvinhu zvose vanoshamwaridzana ne RAM uye microprocessor kuburikidza nemutsara mukuru wekutumira wemashoko, unonzi "system bus". Inogadzirwa nenzira yebhiriji rakadhindwa pabhobhobhoyo. Bhasi system ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kwekombiyuta, uye zvivakwa zvose zvePC zvakavakwa pedo naro. Ndicho chinhu chinobvumira zvese zvigadzirwa zvekukurukurirana nekubatana pamwe chete. Bhasi rinokonzera zvitatu zvinotapudza mazano:

- pakati pekuyeuka kukuru uye microprocessor;

- pakati pekushandisa uye kubuda ports kwekunze kwezvigadziri uye inotanga;

- pakati pezvikepe uye nheyo huru.

Zvigadzirwa zvekunze zvekombiyuta pachako zvinopa kukurukurirana kwekupedzisira nechinzvimbo: zvinhu zvekutungamirira, vashandisi nemamwe makombiyuta.

Maitiro makuru ekushanda kwePC:

1. Kukurumidza, kushanda, clock speed.

2. Kufara kwepakisi yemabhazi uye microprocessors.

3. Mhando dzevatongi vemunharaunda uye vehurongwa.

4. Kukura kwe RAM.

5. Dhayi disk simba.

6. Kuvapo, ukuru uye mhando ye cache memori.

7. Rudzi rwechigadziridza video.

8. Mhando yemavhidhiyo audio.

9. Software.

10. Zvishandiso zvinoenderana nemamwe makombiyuta.

11. Kodzero yekushanda nemichina mumakombiyuta, pamwe nekuwanda kwevanhu vakawanda.