Chii chakaitwa nechirungu cheChirungu Francis Drake?

Pirate yakakurumbira yeChirungu Francis Drake yakabatanidzwa mupirate adventures pazera remakore 26, muna 1567. Kunyangwe muhuduku hwake akanga ari mumwe wemitezo yehanzvadzi ye Hawkins. Drake musi waMay 24, 1572, akabva kuPlymouth kuenda kune imwe rwendo. Akasarudza kuifambisa pairi pachake "Savan". Mukoma muduku waFrancis, John, akapiwa mutariri weimwe chikepe, Pasha. Drake panguva iyi purogiramu uye mamwe mafambiro akaita mapirate okurwisa muGungwa reKaribbean kubva pachitsuwa chePinos (nhasi ndiyo chitsuwa cheJudventud) uye kubva kumhenderekedzo yeCuba.

Francis akadzoka mushure memaitiro akawanda eEngland musi waNovember 3, 1580. Mambokadzi Erizabheti akamuchingamidza zvikuru. Akatopa pirate nebakatwa, paive pakanyorwa kuti kana Drake akarova, zvinoreva kuti umambo hwose hwakarohwa. Elizabeth akabvumira Francis zita reSiri. Akava mutongi wezvikepe zveBritish uye nhengo yeparamende. Zvinoshamisa, handizvo here? Zvisinei, izvi zvose Francis Drake zvakafanirwa. Mumakore ekupedzisira muna 1580, haana kudzoka kubva pamushandirapiriti. Francis akaita rwendo rwepasi-i-nyika. Mushure mokuverenga nyaya ino, muchawana izvo Francis Francis akazviona uye kuti zvakaguma zvekufamba kwake ndezvipi. Tichagarawo zvakanyatsojeka kuti sei rwendo urwu rwakakurumbira rwakapfuura.

Zvinofadza kuti hakuna munhu akamuraira kuti aite kukanganisa, uye pirate pachake haana kuronga. Mumazuva iwayo, kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo dzakawanda kwakaitwa zvisina kufanira, semugumisiro wemamiriro asingatarisirwi.

Kugadzirira kushambira

Francis Drake mukudengenyeka kwegore ra1577 vakapedzisa kugadzirira kwepirate. Akaronga kuenda kuPacific (kumadokero) kugungwa kweSouth America. Kugadzirira kwakagadzirirwa kwete pasina rubatsiro rwevatungamiri vane simba, avo pakati pavo vaive vaEtrice Elizabeth ivo pachavo. Mhedziso yemushandirapamwe yakanga iri nyore: vaSpanish havatarisiri kurwisa kumadokero kwegungwa kweSouth America, zvichibva kugungwa kana kubva kunyika. Nokudaro, zvinokwanisika kupamba mhenderekedzo yegungwa uye zvikepe zvisina mhosva.

Buda kugungwa, mira muSan Julian

Zvikepe zvaFrancis Drake (paiva nevana vavo) pakupera kwa1577 zvakabva Plymouth. Ive kare munaEpril wegore rinotevera, vashandi vakasvika pamuromo werwizi. La Plata. Mushure mekumira kwenguva pfupi, vakaenda kumaodzanyemba. Mapurisa akazotevera kumhenderekedzo yePatagonia. Iri ndiro zita rechikamu chemazuva ano eArgentina, ichibva kuStits of Magellan kusvika kumvura. Rio Negro. MuBay San Julian, iri kumaodzanyemba kwePatagonia, ngarava yaFrancis yakasarudza kumira. Nenzira, inozivikanwa kuti yaiva muyiyi iyo Magellan yakazorora muna June -October 1520.

Matambudziko anotarisana neboka

Mushure meizvi simisa flotilla yakaenderera mberi, zvisinei, ikozvino muhutano hwezvikepe zvitatu. Ichokwadi ndechokuti imwe ngarava yakava isina kukwana uye yakapiswa nekurairwa kwaDrakake. Nenguva isipi vafambi vakazosvika kuData reMagellan. Nzira yake ine utsinye uye yakaoma yakanga isingakwanisi kukurira mumazuva makumi maviri. Vafambisi vengarava vakatambura nechando. Yaiva July, uye ino ndiyo mwedzi inotonhora muSouth Hemisphere. Pakupedzisira, boka racho rakaenda kuPacific Ocean uye rakaramba richienda kuchamhembe kunzvimbo dzinopisa. Nenguva isipi, mavambo acho akabatwa nedutu guru. Chikepe chimwe chevatatu chakanyangarika pasina tsanangudzo. Zvingangodaro, akarova uye akadonhera pane imwe nzvimbo mugungwa. Imwe mudziyo zvakare wakapinda muchera reMagellan. Pirates, vakafamba nengarava iyi, vakakwanisa kudzokera kuEngland. Ngarava imwe bedzi inoramba iripo. Yaiva Francis Drake's flagship "Golden Lan".

Drake akawana sei

Ngarava mushure memhepo yakavhuvhuta yaiva kure nechekumaodzanyemba. Francis Drake akaona kuti Tierra del Fuego inoguma pano. Kuenda kumaodzanyemba kwaro igungwa guru. Saka, zvingangoitika, kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo yakakosha kwakaitwa. Zvakava pachena kuti Tierra del Fuego isachiwi. Pakupedzisira yakatenda kuti ichi chikamu cheNyika isingazivikanwi. Zvakaitwa naFrancis Drake zvakakosha zvikuru. Gare gare kushungurudzika pakati peAntarctica neSouth America kwakakodzera kutanga kunzi Dhaka Channel.

Kurwiswa kwezvikepe zveSpain, zvipfuma zvakapfuma

Gungwa rakaguma radzikama, uye mamiriro okunze akavandudzwa. Achiziva izvi, Francis Drake akasarudza kuramba achifambisa rwendo. Iyo pirate yakatumira chikepe chake choga kuchamhembe. Pachinzwa kuva pedyo kwemasitropiki, boka racho rakafara. Vafambisi vechikepe vakatanga kukanganwa matambudziko eurwendo rwavakawana munharaunda yeTierra del Fuego, mushure mokunge zvikepe zvekutanga zveSpain zvabuda. Somugumisiro wekurwisana pamusoro pavo, zvigaro zve Golden Lani zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatanga kuzadzwa nezvishongo uye ndarama.

Drake pasina chikonzero chakanyanya hachina kubvisa upenyu hwevaya vakapamba. Nemhaka yeizvi, maitiro ake epirate akaitika anenge asina kurasikirwa muboka rake. Drake yakagadzira hukama hwakanaka nevaIndia vokuChilea. Kuwanikwa kwewaini, zvokudya nevakadzi kubva kumarudzi eko, zvipfuma zvakapfuma zvakava mubairo wekutambudzika uye njodzi dzakamboitika kare. Drake yakabata chikepe cheSpain, icho chaitakura zvishongo negoridhe kubva kumakoloni eAmerica kuenda kuSpanish mari. Haasi pirate yose inogona kuzvirumbidza nematombo akadaro. Pfuma yakawanikwa yakanga yakakura zvikuru zvokuti vakanga vasina nzvimbo yekuisa ngarava. Zvaive zvakakodzera kudzokera kumusha, asi sei?

Dzokera rwendo

Zvechokwadi, Francis akanga asingazivi, uye aisagona kunyange kuziva pamusoro pezvirongwa zvevaSpanish. Zvisinei, kuva mutungamiri ane ruzivo, akakwanisa kufanoona kuti zvikepe zveSpain, zvinoda kuiparadza, zvichafamba nechepamusoro peStits of Magellan kuenda. Saka zvakaitika. Zvaive zvakakodzera kuponesa vanhu, ivo pachavo uye vakapamba zvishongo. Uye Francis Drake akaitei? Akafunga kuenda kuchamhembe, achifamba nemhenderekedzo yekumavirira kweAmerica. Kureba kwemugwagwa uyu kunoshamisa. Drake yakapfuura negungwa kubva kuTierra del Fuego (yega, kumira kakawanda pamahombekombe) kumhenderekedzo yePeru neChile, yakapfuura nyika dzeMexico neCentral America, kumadokero kwegungwa reAmerica emazuva ano. Pakuguma, akazosvika 48th degree N, ndiko kuti, akazosvika kumucheto weU.S. neCanada ikozvino. Pakazara, kureba kwemugwagwa uyu kunenge makiromita makumi maviri emakiromita, sezvo ngarava yacho isingatauri pedyo nemerieri. Ngarava yakarova mabhandi eAmerica.

Mberi uye nechekumadokero, gungwa rakatsauka. Achizeza kutambudzwa, Francis akanga akagadzirira, zvichida, kusvika kuAtlantic Ocean, achikwira North America. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kuita izvi, sezvo pirate yakanga isingazivi kana yaiva nenzira yakadaro. Kwakanga kune nzira imwe chete yekubuda-kuenda kumadokero, iri muPacific Ocean. Achienda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, Drake akaenda kuMariana Islands 3 mwedzi gare gare. Ngarava yake mune imwe mwedzi miviri nemashanu yakatotama pakati pezvitsuwa zveMoluccan archipelago. Drake munharaunda iyi inogona kusangana nemaoko ehondo echiPutukezi kana yeSpain. Zvisinei, akanga ane mukana wokudzivisa misangano iyi.

Chikamu chokupedzisira cherwendo

Chikamu chinotevera chokushambira pirate yakakurumbira inogonawo kunzi yakasiyana nemhando yayo. Ngarava yaDhakwa yakabva kuchiwi cheJava kudarika Indian Ocean kusvika kuCape of Good Hope. Vafambi vacho, vachikwikwidza ichi, vakatamira kuchamhembe. Vakasarudza kushambira kumadokero kwegungwa reAfrica uye Iberian Peninsula. Mushure mechinguva, varwi vakasvika kuBay Biscay. MuPlymouth, vakasvika pakutanga kwaNovember 1580. Nokudaro, rwendo rwemakore matatu rwakanga rwakazara-ye-nyika.

Zvakakodzera zvaFrancis Drake

Pirate Francis Drake ndiye mutungamiri wechipiri mushure me F. F. Magellan, akakwanisa kuita rwendo rwepasi rose. Kunyange zvakadaro, akanga ane ruzivo rwakawanda kupfuura iye akatangira. Mushure mezvose, Magellan haana kusvika kuPortugal. Akafira muchikwereti nevaborigines zvakaitika muPhilippines Islands. Mushure memakore mashanu shure kwekufa kwake, chikepe chega choga chakanga chiripo chakaendeswa kuLisbon nhengo dzeboka iro rakakwanisa kupona.

Kubudirira kwaFrancis Drake kwakanga kusingori chete kuti akakwanisa kuchengetedza hupenyu hwake munzira inotyisa uye yakareba. Akadzosa vazhinji vevafambisi vengarava "Golden Lan". Mukuwedzera, Galleon Francis Drake pasi pomurairo wega wekhota mukuru akaendeswa kugungwa rePlymouth (England). Mukuwedzera, chikepe chacho chaiva mutoro mukuru wegoridhe uye zvishongo zvakasiyana-siyana.

Pakarepo mushure mekufamba rwendo urwu (1577-1580), Francis Drake, kubva pirate iri nyore sezvaaiva makore mashomanana adarika, akashandurwa kuva mutongi anoremekedzwa weBritish Navy. Ikazikadzi iye pachake akamupa kukudzwa kose. Zvakawanikwa naFrancis Drake zvakakosheswa.

Pashure pacho, Francis akaenda kugungwa kakawanda. Akarwisana nezvikepe zveSpanish. Francis muna 1588 akabatanidzwa mukudzorera kurwisa kweSpain Invincible Armada. Hondo yacho yapera nekukunda kweBritish. Pirate yakakurumbira yakafa muna 1596, gore rapfuura parwendo rwake rwotevera. Mune zvitsuwa zveCaribbean, akafa neropa.

Drake Passage

Uye nanhasi kubatana kwakakura kunobatanidza South Shetland Islands neTierra del Fuego kunonzi zita iri pirate. Munhu asingazivi anogona kufunga kuti iyi ihumwe rudzi rwekusanzwisisana kana chido chekuziva. Asi ikozvino, patinoziva mamiriro ose ezviripo, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti hapana kukanganisa. Ndizvozvo, Drake akaita zvakawanda kunyika yake. Asi kwete chete iye. Zvakaitwa naFrancis Drake kune geography hazvisi zvishoma, uye zvichida zvakakosha.