Chii chakaitwa naNV Gogol? Rwendo rwemabasa. Russian literature

Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol - yekare, inozivikanwa kune mumwe nomumwe wedu kubva panguva dzechikoro. Uyu munyori akangwara uye munyori wemagetsi ane unyanzvi, uyo unyanzvi husina kurasikirwa nehanya nhasi. Muchikamu chino tinoenda kune izvo Gogol akakwanisa kunyora muhupenyu hwake hupfupi. Rwendo rwemabasa emunyori runokurudzira ruremekedzo, ngationgororei pamusoro penyaya.

About creativity

Basa rose raNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol rakakwana risina kuparadzaniswa, rakabatanidzwa nemitemo, zvinangwa uye pfungwa. Shanduro inobwinya, mararamiro akasiyana-siyana, ruzivo rwevanyori vanosangana nevanhu veRussia, ndizvo zvinonzi Gogol mukurumbira. Rwendo rwemabasa emunyori akasiyana zvakasiyana: pano pane maitiro kubva muupenyu hwevarimi, tsanangudzo yevaridzi veminda vane maitiro avo, vanhu veva serfs vanowiridzirwa, hupenyu hweguta guru uye yedhorobha reguta rinoratidzwa. Zvechokwadi, Gogol anorondedzera mufananidzo wose weRussia chaiyo yenguva yake, achiita kuti parege kusiyaniswa pakati penyika uye nzvimbo.

Gogol: Nyora yemabasa

Tinonyora mabasa makuru emunyori. Kuti zvive nyore, nyaya idzi dzinosanganiswa mumagetsi:

• Tsananguro "Mirgorod", inosanganisira nyaya "Taras Bulba";
• "Petersburg Stories" inosanganisira nyaya "Kupfekedza";
• Purogiramu "Manheru ariPurazi pedyo neDikanka", iyo inosanganisira rimwe remabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru aGogol - "The Night Before Christmas";
• Mutambo "The Inspector General";
• Purogiramu "Arabesque", inotarisana nechepamusoro pezvakanyorwa zvose zvakanyorwa nemunyori, nokuti inosanganisira journalism uye unyanzvi;
• Nhetembo "Vakafa Vakafa".

Iye zvino tichazoongorora nekunyatsotsanangurwa mabasa makuru mubasa remunyori.

Kutsigira "Manheru Pamapura pedyo neDikanka"

Izvi zvakava bhuku rokutanga raNikolai Vasilyevich uye rakabuda muzvikamu zviviri. Yokutanga yakabudiswa muna 1831, uye yechipiri chete mugore.

Mune nyaya dzekuunganidza izvi vanotsanangurwa nyaya kubva muupenyu hwevarimi, izvo zvakaitika panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, semuenzaniso, chiito che "May Night" chinowanikwa muzana remakore rechiXVIII, uye "kutsiva kunotyisa" - mu XVII. Mabasa ose akabatanidzwa mumufananidzo wemunyori - vanambuya vaFoma Grigorievich, avo vanodzokorora nyaya dzaakambonzwa.

Nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa yehupenyu uhwu ndeye "Usiku Kusati Krisimasi" yakanyorwa muna 1830. Zviito zvaro zvinoitika panguva yekutonga kwaCatherine II muUkraine, mumusha weDakanka. Nyaya yacho inotsigirwa zvakazara mumitambo yerudo nemafungiro ayo asingazivikanwi uye zvinhu zvinoshamisa.

The Inspector General

Uyu mutambo unofungidzirwa nebasa rakakurumbira zvikuru raGogol. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti sezvo kubva panguva iyo yakatanga kuitirwa munhandare (1836), haichiri kubva muatanheti kwete kwete munyika yedu chete, asiwo kune dzimwe nyika. Basa iri rairatidza maitiro akaipa, kukanganisa uye kukwana kwehurumende vakuru. Zvakanga zvakafanana neizvi kuti maguta emapurovhinzi eGogol akaonekwa. Rwendo rwemabasa emunyori haugone kuitwa pasina kutaura nezvekusetsa.

Pasinei neruzhinji rwemagariro evanhu uye rwemitemo uye kutsoropodza kwehurumende, iyo inonzwisiswa zvakanaka pasi pekuvhara kwemashoko, mutambo wacho hauna kurambidzwa munguva yehupenyu hwomunyori pachake, kana kuti gare gare. Uye kubudirira kwaro kunogona kurondedzerwa nekuti Gogol akakwanisa kunyatsoruramisa uye kururamisa kuratidza vamiriri vechisimba munguva yake, iyo, zvinosuruvarisa, achiri kusangana nhasi.

"Petersburg Stories"

Nhoroondo dzeGogol, dzakabatanidzwa mumusangano uyu, dzainyorwa panguva dzakasiyana - dzinenge dziri makumi matatu kusvika kune makumi mana ezana remakore rechina. Unobatanidza nzvimbo yavo yakafanana yekuita - Petersburg. Iyo yakasiyana neyekuunganidza iyi ndeyokuti nyaya dzose dzakabatanidzwa mairi dzakanyorwa mumweya wekunakidza kwechokwadi. Yakanga iri Gogol akakwanisa kukudziridza nzira iyi uye nokudaro yakanyatsogadzirisa muhupenyu hwake.

Chii chinonakidza kubudirira? Iyi ndiyo nzira inokubvumira kushandisa nzira dzezvinhu zvinotyisa uye zvinonakidza mumufananidzo wezvokwadi, nekuchengetedza hukuru hwepamusoro uye kugona kwemifananidzo. Saka, pasinei nekusaziva kwezviri kuitika, muverengi anoziva zviri nyore mumufananidzo wePalersburg inofananidzira zvinhu zveNorthern Palmyra iripo iye zvino.

Mukuwedzera, imwe nzira kana imwe, iyo hero yebasa rose rekufamba-famba ndiro guta pacharo. Petersburg mumaonero aGogol inoratidzika sesimba rinoparadza munhu. Uku kuparadzwa kunogona kuitika pamwero wepanyama kana wemweya. Munhu anogona kuparara, kurasikirwa neunhu hwake uye kuva munhu akajairika.

"Ngarava"

Iri basa rinowanikwa mumusangano we "Petersburg Stories". Pakati pezvinyorwa panguva ino Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin, mumiririri wechidiki. Upenyu uye kurota kwe "murume muduku" zvinorondedzerwa mubasa iri naNV Gogol. Ngarava - iyo ndiyo mhedziso yezvishuvo zvemuitiro mukuru. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma chinhu ichi chinokura chichikura, chinova chimiro chemuitiro uye pakupedzisira chinotora.

Pakati peBashmachkin nekurucoat imwe sangano rekufungidzira inoumbwa. Iyo hero inoratidzika kuvapa chikamu chemweya wake kune chinhu ichi chepfeko. Ndicho chikonzero Akaky Akakievich anofa mazuva mashomanana mushure mekunyangarika kwenguvo yake. Mushure mezvose, pamwe chete naye, akasiya chikamu chake.

Chinetso chikuru che nyaya yacho ndechekuvhiringidza kwevanhu kune zvinhu. Nyaya yacho yakava chirevo chekutonga pamusoro pemunhu, uye kwete hupenyu hwake - ndicho chinhu chinotyisa chezvakapoteredza, maonero aGogol.

Nhetembo "Vakafa Vakafa"

Pakutanga, nhetembo maererano nechinangwa chemunyori yaifanira kuparadzaniswa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Yokutanga inotsanangura rudzi rwe "gehena" rwechokwadi. Muchipiri, "purgatory", apo gamba raifanira kuziva zvitadzo zvake nekuisa tsoka munzira yekutendeuka. Muwechitatu - "paradhiso", kuderera kwechimiro.

Zvisinei, munyori akasika chete chikamu chokutanga. Muedzo wokunyora sequel haina kubudirira, uye Gogol akapisa rugwaro rwechipiri pachake. Chinhu bedzi chakasara kubva pane zvinyorwa ndezvikamu zvishomanana kubva pamashizha.

Pakati pezvenhau iyi ndiyo yaimbova mukuru wepamutemo Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. Uyu munyoro hupenyu hwake hwose akarota chinhu chimwe chete - kuwana mari. Uye zvino, kuti aone kurota kwake, akatanga kutambira. Zvarinoreva zvaive mukutengwa kwevagari vevakafa, avo vakanyorwa sevanorarama nekuverengwa kwekupedzisira. Paakagamuchira imwe nhamba yemweya yakadai, aigona kutora mari yakawanda kubva kuhurumende ndokubva aenda naye kune imwe nzvimbo munzvimbo dzinodziya.

Nezvimwe zviitiko zvinomirira Chichikov, uye inoudza yekutanga uye yega yevhesi ye "Vakafa Vakafa".