ChiConfucian - zvishoma nezvedzidziso kwouzivi. ChiConfucian uye chitendero

nyika Eastern Huge, apo vanoda kudya tumbuyu, akaita marudzi ose zvemumba uye manapukeni kalligrafichno kudzidza kuzochera vatambi refu inoita vatsvakurudzi rayo chakavanzika anokunyengedzera pfungwa. China anogona nguva dzose shamisika: zvekumwe, nzira inonakidza muupenyu, zvisingazivikanwi kwatiri, kuti Slavs, vachifunga. Imwe yacho huru ndiyo chiConfucian, izvo zvinogona seizvi sei yokudzidzisa vanhu vabatsirwe kwenzanga uye pachavo.

Vhuṱanzi

Shoko "chiConfucian" ndiyo European mavambo. It yakaumbwa nokuda Latinized zita rokuti uye zita rayo muvambi uye rinoreva "mudzidzisi akachenjera Kun". Panguva iyoyowo yaro Chinese analogue "Ms Jiao" rinoshandurwa se "dzidziso avhenekerwa, zvakanaka akatunhidzwa vanhu." Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vazhinji nyanzvi dzekare vaiti chiConfucian - muchitendero nyanzvi. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi. Akadana zvachose vaiona chitendero kwakaoma, asi inzira youpenyu, mafungiro uye maonero enyika.

Pasinei neizvi, chiConfucia nguva dzose sechinhu dzidziso wechitendero nouzivi, akazadzwa tsika East. simba rayo riri vokuChina aiva mukuru uye yakadzama kuti kushandisa zvinotaurwa rwokufamba ichi vakaumba kukosha vanhu, uchenjeri hwenyika. Kwemazana emakore, ukoshi hwayo asingadi kuderera, zvinonzi akanzwa zvose zvoupenyu hwavo. Uyezve, chiConfucian - chitendero, uzivi uye dzidziso - kweanenge zviuru zviviri zvemakore aiva chikuru dzematongerwe enyika Chinese Empire. Kutaura zvazviri, ukoshi hwayo zvaiva zvakafanana yeKaturike uye Vatican muEurope kuMiddle Ages.

Muvambi dzidziso Confucius

Akagara VI-V remakore BC. Yaiva nguva wenharo kusabatana kwenyika. Saka, mukudzidzisa kuratidza chido remake kunyongana kwaiva kumaruwa hunowanika uye muuye kugadzikana uye kubudirira vanhu. Future muzivi kukuru akazvarwa mumhuri vaimbova vairemekedzwa uyo akaenda zvachose. Iye mangwanani chaizvo kusiya nherera uye akararama nokuzvininipisa kusvikira akanga rombo kuwana mari kuenda State of Zhou - youmambo achazoburuka, apo iye zvakachengeteka asvika basa muraibhurari. Zvakanga pano kuti akasangana naye Confucius, Lao Tzu, izvo aipedza nguva yakawanda ari kukurukura uye nenhaurirano.

Tichidzokera kumba, akatanga kufarira tsika dzekare uye mumhanzi, izvo, maererano Chinese zvitendero, anoratidza waifarirwa kuwirirana uye anosikwa pakati pavanhu. nheyo dzose idzi kwapera muzvinhu pachavo uye kudzidza - imwe chiConfucian yekare. Nokukurumidza muzivi akazarura chikoro kwake uye akava wokutanga mudzidzisi-nyanzvi munhoroondo China. The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti vadzidzi vake vachava vezvematongerwo zvinokosha. Confucius pachake kumbogamuchira mukuru muhofisi, kunyange vakatsvaka nayo. Akafa musayendisiti mutaundi rokumusha kwake Qufu.

"The Analects"

Bhuku rino - hwaro yose chiConfucian. Rine mashoko ose uye mashoko ose Confucius. Vadzidzi muzivi vari kuedza kudzorera mashoko aya anokosha, zvaiita muunganidzwa rine nyaya pfupi chete muzivi uye vateveri vake. Vanoumba zvose zvinotaurwa uye Dzidziso kuti rinodzidzisa chiConfucian. Muchidimbu uye zvakarurama mubhuku yakapfuura rose mararamiro ose Confucius:

• makore 15. Pfungwa anoposhwa kuti paumbwe.
• makore 30. Kuwana rusununguko.
• makore 40. Maitiro kuparadza kupokana.
• makore 50. Zivo kuda Heaven.
• makore 60. Kukwanisa kusiyanisa chokwadi nenhema.
• makore 70. Zvichitevera nomwoyo uye anokwanisa kuvhuna tsika.

In pfupi mitsetse iyi - vose Confucius. Its kure dzidzo pakusunungura mwoyo uye kuda kutevera nokuteerera maitiro rava bhuku pfungwa, tsika uye mutsvene zvose Chinese uzivi. ChiConfucian (Uzivi nedzidziso uye tsika dzakanaka vakapfuura pasi nezvizvarwa) unoremekedzwa nokuda Chinese vanhu.

At mudzi uzivi

Confucius dzidziso, uyewo mamwe makuru Chinese zvitendero nouzivi dzenzvimbo, dzakatangira China muna VI-V remakore BC. Panguva ino kutsiva yendarama yaitonga hurumende yasvika nenyonganyonga uye kuparadza. huru nhungamiro hwacho yatyoka, "vari vapfumi, vanoziva." Vanhu vakanga vasina vakakwirira chinhu, vavakatorera uchiregeredza resimbi, izvo vakatanga kushingaira kubereka. Zvose izvi kuti kunokanganisa kuwirirana uye vakandizvidza rukave.

Kuti vadzokorore murayiro vanofanira kunge vakawanda kuyerera uye dzidziso yakabuda akaita howa pashure mvura. Vamwe rwakatora chete kuchitsauko emakore. Vamwe - chiConfucian, chiTao, yemitemo - saka zvikuru kupinda tsika China, hazvitomboiti kuti kufungidzira nhasi nyika pasina pavo. Saka, dzidziso Confucius kubva muvare harimuki. Panguva chakaparadzwa uye njodzi muzivi kukuru kufungisisa zvinotaurwa uye nzira kuti aizokwanisa kuti agadzirise. Uye mukuru nzira kuzadzisa zvinoenderana yake mafungiro, aiva murume pachake, Marererwo ake, netsika dzakanaka uye maitiro.

State nezvetsika

Sezvo dzidziso aitanga aurayiwa kuitira zvenyika yacho, uye yakanga ine hunhu enyika, yakavakirwa zvetsika zvine chokuita. Unofanira kutanga kudzidzisa munhu, uye ipapo zvose, kusanganisira zvematongerwo enyika, vachaparidza zvedenderedzwa. Zvakakodzera kutora mhindu yakawanda vanhu mweya, muzivi. Ndizvo mhinduro dzinokosha zvinoumba rokutonga umambo dzidziso Confucius anoona kuburikidza prism kwenzanga umo munhu chinhu kukonzera.

Nguva yaratidza kuti chaizvoizvo anoshanda. Zvakaoma kupfuura akava zvinotevera: kuti vanhu kuzvibata nenzira anoratidza nheyo kwetsika uye tsika. People, kunyange vaya vanoda kuchinja nani, haagoni pakarepo kwidibira nyika yake yomukati zvachose pasi. kazhinji hakushandi. Vamwe anongoti havadi kushandira pachavo. Zvakatora rinokosha nzira, uye Confucius akamuwana. Akatora mukana Chinese kunamata madzitateguru chitendero. Images mushakabvu kune dzimwe nyika vakanga zvikuru uye chaivo pane husingaoneki denga. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kunozivikanwa tateguru - mufananidzo kuti emulated mu China. Chete chiratidzo rudzi uye vakazova Confucius pachake.

mhinzamumba

Iri mutemo chitsvene, vanoomerera chiConfucian. Rondedzera muchidimbu kukosha kwayo kunogona sezvinotevera: tsika - hazvina nomusoro nemitemo maitiro evanhu, uye avo rinogutsa zviito, kushandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri uye mashoko. Uyu yakazvimirira chakajairika kuti vanhu vanofanira kudzidza kubva raamai mukaka. Icho chipo zvakasikwa kurarama zvakarurama uye zvakanaka. Yokuti tsika kunzwisisa uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Confucius akati kupfuura kamwe kuti hazviiti nguva kuchichengeta. Kunyange vakarurama madzitateguru kazhinji kutsauka mumugwagwa.

Maererano Confucius, munhu anofanira kuda muvakidzani wake, kuti anzwe basa aurayiwe ravo kuti nzanga uye nyika, kuti wose uye akatendeka, kutarisira nedzakura iverengwe. On izvi unhu, uye dzidziso muBhaibheri muzivi. Dzemunharaunda mufambiro mumhuri iye akabereka rakakura umambo. Rubatso norugare uye kubudirira mune China ndechokuti munhu wose ari panzvimbo uye zvakajeka anozadzika basa rake, akati Confucius. Akariti "hongu Harrier" - nheyo muukama hwevanhu, chikuru chinoumba iyo inoshanda vanhu. Ndiwo mutemo inokosha munzanga zvinowirirana.

mutsa

Chii chinorehwa pfungwa iyi Confucius? Maererano naye, kuti ave mumwe, Chinese vanofanira kuva nounhu mashanu hunhu kuti kukwanisa kugara zvakakodzera uye kwete kuti nomusungo, noupamhi chiratidzo kuhwina revanhu, kuti afuridzire kuvimba nevamwe, kudzora tsitsi, uye kubudirira tichiregeredza yavo njere. Asi kazhinji mudzidzisi mukuru akareurura vadzidzi vake, kuti iye haagoni kudana pachake zvachose kuda. Mushure zvose izvi unhu - chete muromo iceberg.

Nezvinodzidziswa chiConfucian kwagara kupfuura zvaiita pakutanga kuaona. The chete vanhu, uri muzivi wacho kutaura - ndiko kugona kuda uye kukoshesa vanhu kwete chete. Zvakasiyana kunyange vanhu inokosha sezvo kuziva hwomunhu upenyu. Vakanaka kunosanganisira pfungwa basa, nhaka uye netsika yokunamata uye vamwe vakawanda.

Somuenzaniso, Confucius akashora kamwe zvakasimba murume panzvimbo vakachema nevabereki gore zvose makore matatu. Muzivi akaitumidza unzenza uye zvachose kuine vanhu.

mutsa

Imwe pfungwa inotsigira chiConfucian. Ichi uMwari pachinhu vanhu vakura, rudo rwehama, Kutsigirana patronage pamusoro muduku. The anokudzwa munhu nguva dzose humán. Saka anoti chiConfucian. Uzivi Pfungwa iyi rakada zvakanyatsobatana vakanaka. Ivo kuona chokwadi murume, kwete dzidzo yake kana kudzidziswa.

Kwakanga mudzidzisi mukuru humán pachake? Pindura mubvunzo uyu nokuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu umo mumwe aiva Confucius. Sezvo connoisseur pakati nezvehukorokodzwa uye peculiarities pamusoro tsika, akakokwa kumba ane aristocrat. Zvakatanga hurukuro uye mumhanzi vakatanga, akamhanya vatambi, akanga kuratidza Category zvirikuitirwa. Asi Confucius akangoerekana akadimburira mharidzo uye akarayira aurayiwe yose kambani. Dzinokuvadza ichi? Hongu, zvirokwazvo maitiro akadaro asingadi anoenderana vanhu uye vakanaka. Asi zvino muzivi akaratidza mumwe mutemo anokosha chiConfucian sezvo chitendero ane Eastern mirayiridzo yakajeka executable, chengetai zvose nevanhu uye nenhungamiro, zvikasadaro iwe vacharangwa. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika kuna vatambi, avo akabva manyorero.

Kwamachinda uye tsika nemagariro

Ose kuzvipira kuremekedza munhu anofanira nhaka uhwu. Confucius akafunga kudaro. Achiratidzira kuremekedza tsika - chinhu chinokosha upenyu nemagariro uye anokudzwa Chinese. Kureva, vanhu vane kufunga kutanga kwete pamusoro zvokudya, asi pamusoro dzakakwirira nyaya. A jendurumani nguva dzose anofunga pamusoro kutobaya: mararamiro uye tsika. Nezvinodzidziswa chiConfucian agara vaikoshesa pamusoro zvokunamata pane zvenyama saturation.

Mhiri tsika, maererano Confucius, ndiyo pfungwa zvinoenderana. Mhuka hazvirevi kudzora zvaisazogona dzavo, uye paanoona zvokudya, ipapo rinozvipedza zvachose. Chikara kuchaita hura zvakatapwa kwavo kuneta uye kurasikirwa nesimba. Man - chinoitwa chemhando chinzvimbo. Anofanira kuchengeta kusvikira pakati muvhu, regai kuva akafanana nechikara, kunyange kana totaura kuti ake chokuziva mupfungwa sezvo kugutsikana nenzara.

Kana kwamachinda, vane Chinese, ndiani anogona kuenda kumagumo migwagwa matatu: munamati, machinda muchiuto. Muchiitiko ichi, inofanira kutevedza mitemo inotevera: mumutsetse wokutanga kuva nengoni uye musafunganya, rechipiri - kuziva uye pasina mubvunzo, nomwedzi wechitatu - kuva vakashinga uye musatya.

Confucius School

Education - chikamu chinokosha tsika. mhedziso kwakadaro kunogona kuitwa nokudzidza konfutsianstvo. Muchidimbu uye Zvinonzwisisika kufunga, kuziva zvose zviitiko, ziva dzinokosha okukura mumwe kana imwe nzvimbo - ichi zvose achagona ose kuzvipira pamusoro Chinese. Kunoratidza pacharo mukudzidzisa pakukwana, Confucius akati. Ndiye aiva wokutanga China, uyo akazarura zvikoro akasununguka. Muzivi akava mudzidzisi yose vanhu.

School of chiConfucian akadzidzisa vatambi vake kusarudza mugwara muupenyu uye regai kutsauka pairi. Muzivi zvokuita uye achataura vadzidzi, muchitenda kuti rworudyi pfungwa uye mashoko akaberekwa ari nhaurirano. Kutaura, vanhu kugovana ruzivo, ruzivo interlocutor, kumutsigira. Confucius kakawanda aitaura pamusoro poupenyu madzitateguru, uchizvienzanisa aripo. Mudzidzisi wacho nguva dzose anozvideredza. Akabvunza zvakawanda vaya chaizvoizvo aiva akachenjera uye soulful. Kubva mediocre pfungwa, akanga asingatarisiri nokubudirira kukuru, kungoedza kuvandudza uye kutanga navo.

Basa chiConfucian

Chokwadi, zviri rakakura. Munyika yanhasi, Confucius - chiratidzo rudzi, izvo zvakapa China zvokunamata uye mutsika hurefu. Munhoroondo mabhuku chinowanzoonekwa ishiri mutana, takapoteredzwa nevana. Chii chakanga chiri chokwadi chimiro chake, hapana anoziva. tsananguro chaiko pakati muzivi wakafukidzwa ngano zhinji uye ngano. Panyaya dzidziso dzake, zviri dzakachinjwa uye wakashandurwa kwemazana emakore.

Nhoroondo kwemakore ane chiuru chiConfucian, saka munhu ano shanduro dzidziso iri chaizvoizvo zvakasiyana kubva kare. Nhasi ndiyo nzira chaiyo youpenyu vokuEurope havanzwisisi. "East - munhu kusimba nyaya," - vanoti zviri zvakakwana musoro uye nguva dzose. Kunyange XXI remakore, Chinese machinda vari kuedza kuchengeta mirairo nedzidziso uye vazvibate vakaparidza akaita Confucius. Zviito zvavo vari zvinosiyana zvinokonzerwa yekare kwouzivi uye rechitendero, izvo zvinoita Chinese vanhu havadi vamwe vanhu, uye hweKudenga Empire - inokosha, kwete sezvinoita vakawanda inoti. Basa chiConfucian mune ichi chikuru. simba rake Runonzwika zvose okukurukura Chinese upenyu.