Chibvumirano Paris 1856: mamiriro uye kukanzura

Russian-Chirungu nyika, kuti Paris chibvumirano kana Chibvumirano Paris muna 1856 - zita zvakadaro gwaro iyo akamisa Crimean yeHondo 1853-1856.

The chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa mukati yechinangwa dzeParis Congress, iyo pamutemo akasvinudzwa musi 13 February. Basa raisanganisira hweOttoman Empire, England, Sardinia, Prussia, Austria uye France, rumwe rutivi, uye Russia - panorumwe.

Panguva 1856-1871 biennium. Russian Empire akarwa kuti abolition basa pasi chibvumirano ichi. Hurumende haina kufanana chokwadi kuti pamuganhu Sea Black inoramba wakazaruka kune kamwe kunayisa. Mushure Nhaurirano dzakareba, ari kukwana Kudzimwa zvakagadzirwa Chibvumirano Paris, dzinova vaizoitwazve kurambidzwa zviri zvikepe muGungwa Dema, kwakaitika kunokwana London Convention muna 1871.

The Crimean hondo

Pamusoro kugumiswa zvose zvemarudzi nedzenyu uye mamiriro ezveupfumi pakati Russia uye Turkey muna 1853, akatanga kutora Danubian zvemisoro. Hurumende Turkish havana kushivirira mafungiro akadaro inozviitira uye 4 October wegore iroro ndizvo hondo. hondo Russian akakwanisa kusunda muuto Turkish kubva pamhenderekedzo Danube, uyewo kuti vadzivise kurwisa muSouth eCaucasus. Aita nemuvengi mugungwa, riri vakananga mumwoyo nezvezvakaitwa. Pashure zviito zvakadaro muhondo anopinda UK uye France. Ivo zvinobudirira nomunyika Sea Black uye rakapoteredzwa hondo muvengi. March 27 England anozivisa hondo pamusoro Russia, mangwana zvine uye France. Kwapera mwedzi, hondo Anglo-French ari kuedza kunyika pedyo Odessa, pre-vachiridzira nzvimbo 350 pfuti. September 8, 1854, izvi mauto chete kuputsa Russia pasi rwizi Aruma uye kugara Crimea. Kukombwa Sevastopol rinotanga 17 October. dislocation nzvimbo mauto akaverenga vanhu vanenge zviuru 30 .; guta atambura kubva 5 pamwero mukuru kubhombiwa. Pashure pokukundwa France, kumaodzanyemba Sevastopol mauto Russian dzakachengeteka. Mumazana kukombwa (349 mazuva) umambo munzira dzose kuedza kutsausa muvengi, asi kuedza zviri kubudirira. Sevastopol rinodzorwa nevanhu Anglo-French.

Chibvumirano Paris muna 1856, akasaina musi March 18 vakapedza muchiuto chiito. Akadana kusunungurwa Black Sea (anova kwazvakarerekera), ipfupi kushoma rengarava Russia. Zvakafanana sungiro kwakaitwa Turkey. Uyezve, Empire haasi muromo Danube, chikamu Bessarabia, zviremera Serbia, wallachia neMoldavia.

Chibvumirano Paris

Nokuda unosuruvarisa kupedza ari Crimean Russian kurwisana, zvinova strangulated mune kodzero dzavo uye zvavanofarira. Hazvishamisi kuti miganhu miganhu yacho Empire asiri kukanganiswa. Akazopawo muzvitsuwa, ukuru muromo Danube, nokuda mumaguta akadai Sevastopol, Kinburn nevamwe. Chete marapirwo rakanga kuti kunoguma ndima runyararo chibvumirano vakanga rakakombwa nemauto omubatanidzwa wedzimwe. The zvakanyanya kutsikwa Russia kuti Chibvumirano Paris muna 1856 munotinyima pfuma yayo pamusoro Sea Black, havabvumirwi kuva neboka rengarava, arsenals, nhare.

The chibvumirano zvakakanganisa European zvemagariro kwezvakatipoteredza, nheyo akanga avata pasi panzvimbo Vienna akadhindwa. Mutungamiri yose Europe akava Paris, yaimbova Petersburg akanga dzinounzwa kunzvimbo yechipiri.

Terms of Chibvumirano Paris

Chibvumirano Paris yaisanganisira 34 fanira uye 1 kwenguva nyaya. The zvihombe ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:

1. Pakati penyika, kupinda makondirakiti, zvino pane rugare uye ushamwari.
2. Territory yakakunda panguva yokurwisana, vachasunungurwa chemabviro varidzi.
3. Russia anobvuma kudzokera Kars uye dzimwe hweOttoman idzo zvino inogarwa nemauto.
4. France neBritain dzinobvuma kuti adzorere Empire vakatapa zviteshi uye namaguta Sevastopol, Evpatoria nevamwe ine uto Anglo-French.
5. Russia, France, Britain, uye Sardinia kupa kanganwiro yenyu avo chero nzira kunge mhosva yatanga ruvengo.
6. mapato All ita kuti pakarepo kudzoka vasungwa vehondo.
7. Chibvumirano Paris muna 1856 anoita nyika kuti asaine gwaro kubatsira vatsigiri kana kurwisa muvengi; tinyatsoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, pasina nokuputsa pavo.
8. Kana pakati chero nyika vakagumisa kuti bhuku, pane kupesana kana musingabvumirani, vamwe hatishandisi simba kugadzirisa nayo, zvichiita kugadzirisa zvose norugare.
9. Hapana vatongi havana kupindira mune zvipfuwo uye vatorwa nomutemo wemadzimambo pedyo mamiriro.
10. Pasuo Bosporus uye Dardanelles unoramba namahwindo.
11. Sea Black anova kwazvakarerekera; kwakanyorwa hakubvumidzwi kuva neboka rengarava.
12. Kubvumidzwa kuchinjanisa pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dema, riri pasi chete akakodzera zviremera.
13. Ane zvombo muGungwa Dema hakubvumidzwi.
14. Kuwanda ngarava uye nemauto takatsunga maererano chibvumirano uye haagoni kupfuura.
15. Akabvisa mabasa ari wekushandisa Danube.
16. Akabvuma boka kuchaita kuongorora kuchenesa rwizi nemabhengi nezvakadaro.
17. Komisheni ngaibve kuchera mitemo wekushandisa uye zvokufambisa nhumbi, bvisa miganhu kune ushamwari patrol gungwa nzvimbo.
18. The romumhenderekedzo yegungwa basa vachapiwa zvakakodzera simba pabasa iro naro inozviita kuuraya, rakapera pakupera 2 years.
19. nyika Mumwe anobvumirwa kuva 2 chiedza mudziyo pamahombekombe Danube.
20. muganhu Russian pedo Bessarabia zvakachinja kuti nyore kufamba pamusoro Danube.
21. Idzodzo izvo achasunungura yokuRussia Empire, achaiswa kuda Moldova.
22. Hapana ane kodzero kupindira munyaya dzomunyika zvematongerwo enyika valahskogo uye Moldavia kwavabati.
23. The hweTurkey vanosungirwa kwete kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika chingashamwaridzana nyika, achisiya kwavo kodzero pakuzvinyengera utungamiriri; kunosiya azere rusununguko rwokunamata kusarudza, zvokutengeserana, kufamba uye mukuru mutemo.

Kukanzura Chibvumirano Paris

Pashure kuitwa Russian nyika Russian-Chirungu vakaedza wokumborerutsa kurambidzwa, nokudaro pakuvazve Sea Black uye mukana kuva neboka rengarava. Ndokusaka panguva ino kuwedzera nedzenyu pabonde. Panguva 1856-1871 biennium. Empire ndakakuvadza imwe kunobatsira ukama France; iye akaronga kuti rubatsiro kubva Russia muhondo rweAustro-French, uye yokupedzisira aiverenga pamusoro pokudzora France muna mubvunzo kuEastern.

The Paris musangano, iyo kusvikira 1863, akanga kusarudza mune Russian-French pabonde. Country unga yekudyidzana uye anorenda kugadzirisa dzimwe nyaya. March 1859 zvaikosha France, nekuti chibvumirano chakavanzika yakasainwa, zvichienderana izvo kana hondo Austria Empire anovimbisa kuramba vasina kwavakarerekera. Kushatiswa ukama kwakacherechedzwa mumakore vokuPoland yemuna. Somugumisiro zviito izvi Russia anodzika rara Prussia.

Mushure nenzvimbo Germany Empire muna 1872 Berlin anoridza nehondo kusvikira 3 madzimambo. Convention kunotanga, panguva iyo anobatana Austria. Maererano Berlin Treaty, vakagamuchira panguva ino, kuti abolition nyaya yacho Paris runyararo chibvumirano zvinova Russia nguva nyaya. Iye otorazve zvikepe muGungwa Black uye vakarasika nenharaunda.