Chesme Palace muSt. Petersburg: history, address, photo

Pakati peSt. Petersburg uye Tsarskoe Selo munguva yaCatherine II, nzvimbo yezororo yakavakwa munguva yerwendo rurefu. Mukukudzwa kwemakore gumi ekukunda kwezvikepe zveRussia, mazita okuti "Chesme Church" uye "Chesme Palace" akaonekwa, achiyeuchidza nezvekukudza kwehondo kwezvikepe zveRussia. Imba iyi yakawana nguva dzakasiyana, asi yakagara yakagadziriswa yeSt. Petersburg.

Nzvimbo

Pasinei nokuti iyo yakaoma yakavakwa senzira, nhasi ndiyo Chesme Palace muSt. Petersburg (kero yayo: 15 Gastello Street). Uye munguva yaCatherine Mukuru yakange isina vanhu vanogaramo, nzvimbo yakasviba. Nharaunda yakaenda kuRussia semugumisiro weNorth War uye yakava pfuma yamambo.

Iyi nzvimbo yaidanwa muFinnish Kickerikiksen, iyo inoshandurwa inoreva kuti "frog's swamp," ndicho chikonzero chiratidzo chemuzinda wamangwana chaiva gorosi.

Muna 1717 imwe nzira yakaiswa kune imwe nzvimbo muTsarskoe Selo, uye kubva pane izvi yakatanga nhoroondo yekugara iyo inonzi nzvimbo. Nhasi, sezvatotaurwa, Chesme Palace iri mumiganhu yeSt. Petersburg.

Historical Context

Kuti aende nechisimba kumusha wake wezhizha kuZarskoye Selo, Catherine the Great akarayira makiromita manomwe kubva kumusha kuti avake nzvimbo yeimba. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Chesme Palace muSt Petersburg yakagamuchirwa, iyo nhoroondo yaive yakareba uye inofadza.

Pakutanga, yainzi dacha. Asi apo kuvakwa kweimba yamambo kwakapedzwa, nhau yekukunda kwezvikepe zveRussia muhondo yeChema yakauya. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kukunda kweTurkey kwaikosha zvikuru kuRussia. Kunyange zvazvo munguva yehondo iyi zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kukunda Constantinople sezvakanga zvarota, asi kunyange kukunda Kerch naAzov kwaikosha zvikuru. Iye zvino zvikepe zveRussia zvevatengesi zvaigona kudarika muGungwa Dzvuku pasina chigadziro, uye izvi zvakavimbisa zvakakosha.

MuRussia kwaiva netsika yekupemberera kukunda kwose kukuru muhondo yeTurkey ine chivako. Saka muTsarskoe Selo yakaonekwa kuTurkey cascade uye pavilion, Crimean uye Chesme columns, uye munzvimbo dzevakuru dzakagadzirirwa zvivako muByzantine neEastental maitiro. Saka zvakange zvakanakira kutumidza zita idzva reimba Chesmensky, pamwe nechechi yakavakwa pedyo nayo.

Architect

Catherine Mukuru anozivikanwa nokuda kwehukuru hwake uye rudo rukuru rwekuvaka. Panguva yekutonga kwake, nyika yose, uye St. Petersburg kunyanya, vakagamuchira zvivakwa zvakawanda zvepamusoro uye dzimba dzepamambo.

Mambokadzi akawana zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuvaka dzimba idzva, dzakadai sorwendo rurefu kubva kuguta guru kusvika kuTsarskoe Selo. Akanga asingadi kumira munzvimbo dzisina kufanira, nokuti aida kunzwa akanetseka kwose kwose. Apo Madzimai akasarudza kuvaka imba itsva - "dacha" - akatendeukira kuna Yuri Matveevich Felten, mumwe wevanyori vakuru veguta guru.

Imwe nyanzvi yakadzidza paC Academy of Arts, yakashanda kwemakore anoverengeka naRastrelli, mushure mekufa kwake, akapedza kuvaka kwemuumbi wekugadzira. Chiitiko uye tarenda yakaita Felten pamwe naVallen-Delamot muumbi wekutanga weSt. Petersburg. Pakazosvika 1774 akanga atova nezvivako zvakadai semachechi eLutheran neArmenian aSt. Catherine, Small and Great Hermitage, Palace Embankment uye fence yakakurumbira yeChinese Garden.

Chesma Palace yakagadzirirwa ikava chiedza chekuvaka. Mushure mezvose, mumusoro-soro zvingava zvisingafungi kuvaka dzimba mumutambo weGothic, asi kunze kweguta rusununguko rwakadaro rwakabvumidzwa.

Nhoroondo yekuvaka

Chesme Travel Palace yakarongedzwa muna 1774, uye makore matatu gare gare mutongi wacho akapemberera imba inopisa imba. Nhanho yekuvaka yakavimbiswa nechokwadi chokuti muumbi wehuhu Yu. M. Felten akakwanisa kuronga basa zvakanaka. Uye, zvechokwadi, kukurumidza kwekuvaka kwakapiwa zvikuru nemari yakawanda yekuvakwa kwakaitwa naCatherine.

Nzvimbo iri pasi peimba yakanga isinganyatsogadziriswi, saka padanho rokutanga raifanira kuomesa nzvimbo yacho, uye dongo riri pedyo nechepamusoro pewebsite rakachera, kuitira kuti mazamu asasvibisa imba kubva ikozvino. Manzwiro eimba iyo yakasimbiswa nekutevedzera dhizha, iro rakagadzirwa kubva pasi nemhepo.

Izvo zvakaoma zveimba yamambo zvaisanganisira chivako chikuru chemasvingo maviri nedenga uye shongwe dzekona, kereke yebwe yekuzvarwa kwaJohane mubhabhatidzi uye dzimwe dzimba dzehofisi. Kuimba yeimba yamambo kwaive nemugwagwa kubva pamugwagwa, wakashongedzwa nemasuo maviri emabwe muGothic style.

Architectural features of the palace

Chesme Palace yakagadzirirwa mumutauro wepasudo-Gothic, uye muvakirwe akakwanisa kumira pfungwa iyi. Mhepo yekufuridzirwa kwemugadziri waiva mazinda ekumabvazuva pamabhandi eBosphorus. Zvinyorwa zveEastental zvinonyorwa zvakanyatsorongeka mumutauro weGothic, hazvisi pachena, asi inongova chinhu chisinganzwisisiki.

Mukutaura kwechivakwa chemuzinda mukuru ndechekufananidza katatu nemasvingo akapoteredza ane zvinyorwa mumakona. Shongwe imwe neimwe inopedzerwa nemwenje ine semicircular domes. Iko kunze kwemasvingo eimba iyi yakafuridzirwa pamusoro pekukwirira kwechimiro chechimiro chekorona yekutanga yakagadzirwa. Denga rezasi reimba yamambo rakange rakashongedzwa neura, pasi repamusoro - rakarongedzwa brickwork. Mawindo akanaka emuLancet anovaka pfungwa yeimba yekare. Imba yakaisvonaka uye yakasimba yeChememe Palace inopa maonero eimba yakasimba-nhare.

Interior design

Nenzira iyo, Chesme Palace (St. Petersburg), yakarongedzwa kunze nenzira yakashata-inonzwisisika, haina zvishoma zvishoma zveGothic mukati. Iko mukati kunotsigirwa mumararamiro ekutanga classicism aidiwa naCatherine.

Pamadziro aigona kuona mashizha, medallions, cornices, wreaths uye maruva emaruva akazova chiziviso chaYu M. Felten. Iko huru yevheta yeimba yacho inotorwa neImba yeParade, yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakavezwa naF Shubin inoratidza madzishe makuru nemadzimambo eRussia.

Maererano nemapurogiramu aFelten, dzose dzimba nemakamuri eimba yamambo zvakashongedzwa, akasarudza midziyo nemishonga kwenguva yakareba, iyo yaizoshongedza mukati meimba yamambo nechiremerera. Kunyanya nokuda kwekugara kwake, Catherine akarayira zvinhu zve 952 kubva muChina porcelain factory ye Wedgwood, imwe neimwe ine frog inomirira Chesme Palace. Nhasi, basa iri nderekushongedza kweHemitage collection.

Nhoroondo yacho yakanyatsogadzikana neyakanaka mukati meimba yamambo. Mariri hamuna zvakawanda zvakachengetedzwa - mifananidzo uye zvifananidzo zvakaendeswa kumamyuziyamu, firimu yakave yakarasika zvishoma nezvishoma. Asi muna 2005 imba huru yeimba yakadzorerwa, ikozvino inonzi Georgievsky.

Imba naCatherine the Great

Chesme Palace muSt. Petersburg yakave imwe yevakadzi vaEmpress. Akamushanyira kakawanda, uye pamwe naye paiva nemhemberero nemhemberero.

Uye muna 1792 Catherine akapa imba yamambo Chitsauko cheChirongwa cheSt. George. Kubvira ipapo, tarirai, muimba yepamusoro paimba yepiri, misangano ye Knights dzeiyi Mutemo yakatanga, apo Madzimai aiwanzovapo. Pakarepo paiva nevatungamiri vavo, archive uye mari.

Mushure mekufa kwaCatherine Mukuru, imba yamambo, zvinosuruvarisa, yakanga iri mukuparadzwa.

Makore Okuparadzwa

Pauro, uyo akauya pakusimba, akange asingadi kushandisa imba. Pasi paAlexander II imba yamambo yakanga isina chinhu, kaviri chete mairi vasikana vaibva kuCatherine Institute vaizorora.

Pasi paNicholas I kereke yemuzinda yakashandiswa kugadzirira kuvigwa kweVakuru Dukes. Pano chitunha chehama yaTarand Alexander chakashandiswa husiku, pano akaendeswa kunzvimbo yepamusoro yepamusoro uye kubva pano akaendeswa kumariro. Nhau imwechete yakaitika nemuviri waElizaveta Alexeevna.

Almshouse

Mambo Pauro haana kuda zvose zvaiyeuchidza amai vake, saka haana kushanyira Chesme Palace, asi akasarudza kushandisa nguva muGatchina. Akatoda kupa imba kuimba yevarombo, asi basa racho harina kuitwa. Komisheni yakawana kuti hazvigone kurongwa, kutsanangura kukaramba kwekushaya mvura.

Iyi pfungwa yakarangarirwa naNicholas I, uyo muna 1830 akabudisa mutemo pamusoro pekusikwa kwechiuto chechiuto chemauto nekuda kwevasingazivi uye veterans veHondo yePatriotic ye1812 mu Chesme Palace. Nokudaro rakagumisa nhoroondo yemuzinda wekuvaka.

Kuti zvive nyore uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo iri mumuzinda wamambo, kugadziriswa kwakakosha kwakaitwa. Imwe nyanzvi A. Staubert akagamuchira murairo wekuchinjwa kweimba yamambo muhotera yevakaremara. Anozadza zvivakwa zvitatu zvakafanana zvemasvingo, achizvibatanidza nazvo zvitsva zvinopfuura nepashongwe dzekona. Kubva pamasvingo pachavo, jagged parapets vakabviswa ndokusimbiswa neimba. Zvita zvidhinha zvakatsiviwa nemitsva, yakagadzirwa-iron.

Pasi pechipiri chechi yechando yakange yakatsaurirwa. Panzvimbo yedondo uye nedombo, paki inogara yakamira pamberi pechivako kuti inofamba vagari vemo. Makore mana gare gare the almshouse yakanga yakagadzirira, 400 vaenzi vaigona kugara mairi. Imwe nguva gare gare, pamusoro pemapiro ose, maviri maviri pasi akavakwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakapoteredza vakavaka zvivako zvekare ndokuputsa matongo. Nokudaro akagumisa mugumo wekuvakwa kwakaoma - iyo yakaisvonaka, yerudo rwemazuva aCatherine.

Nguva yeSoviet

Muna 1919, Chesme Palace yakanga yakamirira miedzo mitsva. The almshouse yakavharwa uye musasa wakagadzirirwa vasungwa uye vavengi vehurumende itsva. Chechi yeCheme yakapambwa, yakabvisa muchinjikwa, ikamisa nyundo nenyundo panzvimbo yayo, sezviratidzo zvekugara kwechitsva.

Muna 1930, chivako chekare che Chesma Palace chakaendeswa kuMugwagwa we Road Road. Nezvido zvechikoro, mapapiro akavakwazve zvakare. Uye panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, kereke neimba yamambo zvakashata zvakanyanya nekuputika. Mushure mehondo yakaoma yakapiwa kuLeningrad Institute of Aviation Instrument Engineering.

Muna 1946, imba yamambo yakagadziriswa, kunyange isina kunyatsotarisira kuchengetedza maitiro ekutanga. Aya mabasa aitungamirirwa nemugadziri A. Koryagin.

Zuva rezuva ranhasi

Chesme Palace, iyo mifananidzo inenge iri kure chete yakafanana neyekugadzirwa kwepakutanga yemuumbi wekugadzira, nhasi ichine yeYunivhesiti yeAerospace Instrumentation.

Imba yekutengesa yakazarurirwa kune vose. Uye muna 1994, apo Chesme Church yakadzoserwa kuChechi yeOrthodox, kudzorerwa kwemukati uye kutaridzika kwetemberi kwakatanga. Nhasi, inenge yakanyatsoenderana nekuvakwa kwezana remakore rechi18.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, zvakasarudzwa kudzorera imba huru yeimba yacho, uye muna 2005 yakavhurwa. Iraibhurari inotora makirayuniyunivhesiti uye inoita zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemitambo. Zvinosuruvarisa, nhasi zvikamu zvimwe chete zvechivakwa chikuru zvinotibvumira kuona Felten isingaenzaniswi kugadzirwa.