Category waini. On chii chikonzero vakakamurwa vakapinda Mapato waini? Kupatsanura wewaini yakagara kubudikidza yepamusoro Categories

Sezvo vakati muRoma yekare, In viini veritas, uye hazviiti kwete kubvumirana. Zvechokwadi, pasinei nokufambira mberi mune zvemichina uye kurima mhando itsva mazambiringa, waini inoramba rimwe akatendeseka kwazvo zvinwiwa. Vanhu vanogona kunyepera rinozivikanwa muchiso, asi kune nyepera zvakabikwa, kwakanaka uye ruvara hazviiti. Uye sezvo zvikuru sezvo 1000 apfuura, unhu waini anokwanisa kukonzera mutauro kunyange murume mashoko mashoma.

Vazhinji vachashamiswa uye vachiti, "Waini ane waini", asi zvinokosha yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora nyaya, uye zviri pachena kuti siyana nyika chinonwiwa.

3 chokwadi simba pamusoro penhoroondo

1. Nokuti nguva yokutanga mamiriro chipo chaMwari waini akagamuchira mungano yechiGiriki, kana vamwari Olympus kugoverana yokubika ake nevamwe. drink ichi, uye achiri kushandiswa mumitambo dzakawanda dzechitendero.

2. kare Vakawanda vakabvumirana kuti pakutanga French Revolution aiva kuwedzera mutero pamusoro waini, zvino akaita chokunwa unaffordable kirasi pakati.

3. Kana muFrance yakawedzera mitero pakati Britain nePortugal noushamwari. Maererano nevaongorori, Britain aifarira manakiro yechiPutukezi chiteshi waini.

Zvino mukuru mubvunzo - chii chikonzero waini akakamurwa muzvikamu.

General kupatsanura

Udza mamakisi zvose muna imwe nyaya hazvibviri, saka ngatitaurei pamusoro kupfuura kare uye nevakawanda nyika yokuEurope kuti pagadzirwe zvigadzirwa waini - France. Zvina ichasimudzirwa kupatsanura pakati waini yakanaka Categories hwakanyorwa pano.

Table waini (VDT kana seek the tafura). Chinwiwa kugadzirwa ingavakirwa kushandisa zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye mazambiringa zvirimwa. Kupa 9% doro mumatunhu vanofanira kubvumirwa kuwedzera shuga manyuchi. Chikwata tafura waini haaratidzi kunzvimbo gadzira uye gore pakukohwa. Nokuda kwokushayikwa expressiveness uye munhu akazvimiririra, havasi kuwana pfungwa vatsoropodzi uye sommeliers, uye mumaresitorendi zvakanaka kumbobvira kuvabatanidzira Muterere.

Vin of anoripira (VDP), kana omunharaunda, ndezvaJehovha muchikwata che yepamusoro-pamwero waini. Production pazvikanganiso yaidzorwa mhando michero, zvokunwa vanofanira imwe simba uye mimwe maitiro organoleptic. Mazambiringa kushandiswa muchikwata ichi, akura ari munzvimbo inokosha. Mutemo nokuti chinwiwa indasitiri muchikwata ichi ane 150 nzvimbo muFrance.

Appellation d'Origine Vin Delimite of Qualite Superieure (AOVDQS kana VDQS) - yepamusoro mazambiringa waini. Kugadzirwa wavo ane zvachose murau masimba rinoitwa nemasangano inokosha. Zvinwiwa All zvine chokuita muchikwata che vakapiswa waini, kusangana nhamba zvinodiwa:

- kweShanduro chinwiwa kunoitika munzvimbo rakasungirirwa imwe nharaunda;

- Shandisa chete yaidzorwa mazambiringa;

- rinotsanangurwa mabatiro uye kunonyanyisa goho por hectare;

- vanofanira kutevedza mitemo vinification, organoleptic zvinodiwa uye yakasimbiswa nhare.

Appellation d'origine controlee (AOC) - soro kupatsanura wewaini yakagara nokuda muchikwata, anotaurwa wayo mavambo uye ane zvakawanda inoomesera zvinodiwa kupfuura AOVDQS. Pano kufungawo makore mizambiringa akashandiswa, ivhu siyana ruvara kubva zvichiguma chinwiwa. The huru muchinangwa pagadzirwe Mitambo "appellations", kureva zita here anovimbisa nepakatanga chigadzirwa. Rangarirai appellations zvose zvakaoma, sezvo nhamba yavo iri kuramba kukura (anopfuura 400), asi zvikuru nomukurumbira AOC waini vanoonekwa kuti French, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nevamwe chinhu.

Vamwe Europe iri maguta kwamazambiringa muEurope, inobva kupatsanura French, isu akasika zvakafanana. A zvakajeka kuwirirana unoratidzwa patafura.

France	Italy	Spain
Vin of tafura	Viini of Mesa	Viini Da Tavola
Vin of anobhadhara	Vinos of all Tierras	Indicazione Geografica Tipica
AOVDQS	KUITA (Denominacion of Origen)	Denominazione von Origine Controllata
AOC	Denominacion of Origen Calificada	Denominazione Di Origine Controllata E Garantita

Kupatsanura pakati shuga tigutsikane

Red kazhinji akaoma, saka kuitwa zvichibva waini chena.

1. Sec - yakaoma (asingasviki 4 g / L).

2. Demi-chik - semidry (4-12 g / l).

3. Moelleux - semisweet (12-45 g / l).

4. Doux - inotapira (anopfuura 45 g / l).

Nokuti ikapenya: estra-brut (asingasviki 4 g / l), brut (kusvika 15 g / l), nemamwe-chik (12-20 g / l), chik (hapana anopfuura 35 g / l), Demi-chik (32 -55 g / l), doux (anopfuura 55 g / l).

Zviri CO ₂

Vin effervescent - che ikapenya doro, uko yechipiri kuora makemikari kuitika bhodhoro.

Vin mousseux gazeifie - kupatsanura pakati pamabwe waini, sezvamakaropafadzwa CO ₂ saturation kunoitika kuburikidza carbonation.

Vin petillant - ikapenya waini, vakasiyana nevamwe pasi-kumanikidzwa CO ₂ muguchu.

Vin perlant - parera ane pasi azvipire CO _2.

Vin tranquille - kunyarara waini kunwa pamwe kusavapo CO _{2 kutopedza.}

kupatsanura Process

Yakaomesesa mhando kupatsanurwa chinonwiwa ichi, sezvo mumwe firimu rine nemano uye mutsauko. Pasinei neizvi, nyanzvi vakakwanisa kuziva zvinotevera Categories:

- The wechiduku waini kuti haisi vanoda dzokuteerera.

- vachembera emiti kana nehombodo kusvikira gore rimwe.

- vakwegura yayo Lees. Vanosanganisira zvimwe mhando waini chena, ichi Michina basa Loire Valley.

- liqueur waini zvinoberekwa mutation, kuti akawedzera mhanga nedobrodivshee doro kana bhurandi.

- Cooked waini, zvikurukuru, anogadzirwa French Provence. Production pazvikanganiso kwenguva refu kudziyisa uye kwemvura mhanga. Yakabikwa waini ine yakananga kunaka uye ine dzakakwirira shuga.

Kupatsanura nomumvuri waini chinwiwa

Hakusi nguva dzose vaiita maererano ruvara waini, dzimwe nguva havana dzinoiswa maererano makemikari anoumba. Somuenzaniso, haana here kuziva kuti pane Champagne yaibereka kubva mazambiringa vatema, asi ane chena ruvara?

In waini tsvuku ine tannins (tannins) anokonzera astringency uye pigments, kukonzera ruvara.

Rose waini havana kukodzera pfungwa vatsoropodzi, kunyange zvazvo ravo range riri siyana chaizvo kubva zvishoma yakasvibiswa kuti saturation.

Panewo waini munyoro yakabereka muPortugal, dema (Cahors), uye tsvuku.

Zvino kumboongorora waini KUITA mhando.

Zvinorevei DO

Spanish analogue yepamusoro mazambiringa waini (AOVDQS). Kodzero kubudisa zvinhu nokuda muchikwata ichi vatopiwa anopfuura 164 waini Spanish vachengeti.

Kudeuka nzvimbo yemizambiringa pagadzirwe waini kuti muchikwata ane La Mancha - 188.181 hectares. Kugadzirwa wavo ane raidudzwa Woody uye velvety kuravira.

A vachitova chena waini

Muchikwata wewaini yakagara chena anowanzoshandurwa dziya 6 mamakisi:

1. waini Dry chiedza "muviri." Somunhu sommelier akati ine "simbi" core. It kwakaderedza uwandu shuga, asi yakakwirira wevasungwa pamusoro acid, doro kubva muzana hakuiti pfuura 12% uye zvishoma oneka hunonhuhwira. Asi ruzivo vanachiremba vanoti kuti chena waini mhando iyi inogona dzimwe nguva kuva kunhuwirira uye kunaka - zvose kunobva mazambiringa-siyana. Somuenzaniso, "Sauvignon Blanc" ane mishonga nuances, uye "Riesling" - muchero.

2. Izwi dzokuteerera vachena waini paavhareji "muviri" - kushoma 3 makore. Anogadzirwa kubva Chardonnay, Shenen Blan uye basa. doro pamwero 10 kusvika 13%, asi kunaka uye munhuwi iziviswe maruva uye fruity manotsi.

3. wakazara "muviri" Mapato yewaini, chive mutemo, akaramba emiti kwemakore akawanda. Vane fruity pakubika, pasi acidity, uye yakawanda tannins. Chidhakwa kubva 12 kusvika 14%.

4. anonhuwira chena waini zvinwiwa akasiyana raidudzwa zvekumwe muchero zvakanaka. Vane yakaderera asidhi ane doro pamwero 12-14%.

5. Semi-inotapira waini yaigadzirwa mhando Moscatel mazambiringa, Tokay-Pinot Noir uye Shenen Blan. DORO 14% uye zvokudya kupinda chinwiwa two chilled 10 ⁰ C fomu.

6. Munguva chena waini inotapira chinwiwa ine kusvika 18% doro rinowanzoshandiswa zvokudya kusvikira dhizeti. Dzinozivikanwa vamiriri doro "Sauternes" uye "Barsac" (France).

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro pamabwe zvinobata

Akadana ikapenya waini, rine carbon dioxide, vakasikwa chaiwo rwokugadzira. Kugadzirwa kwavo akakamurwa 4 nzira:

1. Carbonation. Kana kugadzira pasi-unhu zvinwiwa vakashandisa chakagadzirwa okusuma CO _2.

2. Nzira iyo pakupera zvikuru chinovira, doro hakusi Upfu uye mumidziyo, inonzi mumaruwa (methode rurale).

3. Kana manyowa wechipiri Organic zvinhu kunoitika akratoforah (chaiyo simbi midziyo), kuti mhosva kunoitika pamusoro kugadzirwa nzira Sharma.

4. venguva nzira - maitiro acho inodzokororwa chinovira rinowanikwa muguchu.

Uyewo zviripo ataura kuti pane anokosha mhando mbiri ikapenya waini uye ikapenya parera. First ane shoma huwandu carbon dioxide, apo yokupedzisira vane zvishomanana kumanikidzwa muguchu uye vakaderera Rakamira (7%).

Izvo ndiro vakashumira waini

Quality waini, yakanaka kudya uye boka inofadza - ndiko runovimbisa noushamwari ndangariro kwemanheru. Kusarudza shamwari - a private nyaya, uye kuziva chii ndiro pamwe waini, ave zvose.

Tinofanira kutanga mitemo, kureva chikafu, usingagoni varumbidzwa kuzoitawo nedoro, kuti arege zvichideredza kuravira ake. Zvachose havagoni kushanda kuti kudya waini uye nezvikafu zvishoma, kwakarungwa vhiniga.

Pakati inorambidza zvinosanganisira nzungu. Chokwadi ndechokuti nokuchinja kuti muchero kuravira namabukira vanotadza kupindura zvimwe zvinhu uye waini.

Last Kurambidza zvinoshandawo kusvuta. Fodya utsi tisanzwe munhuwi uye kunaka yefodya haazobvumiri kuti zvakazara kuwana waini.

Pasinei dzakawanda mhando nokuti zvokudya pane mutemo: zvikuru kunzwisisa yeshoko iri ndiro, nyore kumwa waini mugirazi, ndiEzekieri.

Red anouya Spicy nyama, michero, Pasta, Pizza, hove uye zvakasiyana-siyana chizi.

White kuravira harmonises nechiverengo zvomugungwa, veal, yehuku uye mazai.

Eremendi pingi waini vanoonekwa kuti nyama nezvikafu zvishoma, hove uye zvokuseredzera.

Semi-pezvinotapira uye zvinotapira akasiyana-siyana pamwe aizikirimu, michero uye chokoreti.

Ikapenya zvinodhaka, kureva Champagne - kunwa wakakwana nokuda yokutanga gala chisvusvuro.

mhedziso

Kana pamberi "chokunwa raMwari" nokuti iwe rakakamurwa chena, tsvuku, yakaoma uye akavakirirwa, ipapo Tinovimba kuti, vakanga vaine ruzivo kubva nyaya ino, chawakadzidza, chii vari Mapato wewaini yakagara, uye iwe unogona kwete kuverenga kubva chinezita, asi vanoziva siyana uye nzira gadzira.