Car "Horch": nhoroondo inozivikanwa muchiso

The multi-faceted, nhoroondo inonakidza yaiva yakakurumbira motokari muchiso "Horch" rine nemidzi yawo remakore rechi19. November 14, 1899 kuti unyanzvi injiniya German August Horch nheyo muna Cologne pachake kambani kubudisa motokari Horch & Cie. Motorwagen Werke. Kwapera gore, nyika akaona yokutanga motokari muchiso "Horch" patinenge patani zvakagadzirwa. Zvadaro, August Horch aiva mumwe wokutanga kuva nomukurumbira motokari vagadziri munyika.

August Horch

Future matarenda injiniya uye inobudirira entrepreneur akaberekwa musi October 12, 1868 muguta Winningen, mumhuri remhizha. Family August Horch aisagona vanozvirova upfumi, asi nekuti aifanira kushanda kwemakore 13. Kutsiva mamwe mabasa, chinangwa uye anokakavara Horch haana rakafuridzirwa upi wavo, uye muna 1888 akasarudza kupinda Saxon Engineering College. Compensating nokuti kushaya ruzivo, kubudirira kuramba vechidiki vakapedza kudzidza kuchikoro uye akawana basa rokutanga panguva foundry, uye ipapo magadzirirwo dhipatimendi shipbuilding kambani, apo akatanga akasangana womukati injini.

Upenyu hwake hwachinja pashure 1896, akaenda pamusoro nemudhudhudhu Mujaho. Panguva motokari iyi chaiva chishamiso zvigadzirwa. Horch vachipikisana zhinji hurongwa ose midhudhudhu uye manheru ndakasarudza kunyora tsamba mashoko nezvako uye vachikumbira basa iri rakasimba Benz. Pasina akamirira mhinduro nokukurumidza, nokuda August I akashamisika apo nokukurumidza ndakagamuchira nhau kuti akanga wokurera uye anofanira pakarepo kuwana kushanda. Horch-makore 27 akagadzwa mubatsiri mukuru injini dhipatimendi, asi mwedzi mina pashure, wakakodzera kushingaira, akaiswa mutariri kugadzirwa mota.

kuvambwa

Karl Benz akanga zvakare kuchinja nokuda chinzvimbo muduku German, uye muna 1899 na August Horch, pamwechete nemari munhu akapfuma ari Mafuro Cologne Ehrenfeld akazarura akasimba Horch & Cie. Motorwagen Werke. Pakutanga, boka duku netsvimbo vanhu 11 vaiita bedzi zvakagadzirwa yakawanda motokari. Asi gore shure kambani yakavambwa paiva motokari yokutanga "Horch" maviri-humburumbira injini inokwana 5 litres. a. Nhoroondo zita akaiswa Horch. The wokudhinda yakurukura motokari itsva, apo boka zvakabudisa muenzaniso wechipiri - wokutanga German motokari ine driveline.

motokari yokutanga

Chokutanga maviri Horch mienzaniso anobudiswa kusvikira 1901 vaiva 5 uye 10 litres. a. motokari idzi dzakanga dzakashongedzerwa maviri-humburumbira injini akaiswa pamberi. In muenzaniso wokutanga (4-15 PS) nemotokari rwemberi ngarurege mavhiri ratakurwa bhandi hutachiwana. In muenzaniso wechipiri (10-16 PS) kokutanga muGermany inodzoserwa pachishandiswa ari driveline. The chikuru STRUCTURAL kushandisa motokari yokutanga "Horch" aiva gearbox, riri rimwe chete nechigumbuso pamwe huru kutapurirana. Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva chisarudzo echimurenga.

motokari muviri rakanga rakavhurika, kushanda Karetnaya workshop. Yakavhenekerwa kenduru nemwenje. Kusiyana motokari simba makore akazotevera, wokutanga Horch kunyatsokwanisa kusvika vaifanira kumhanya 32 km / h. Kunyange zvakadaro, kwaiva chinhu chinokosha panguva. On motokari vaishandisa kukweshera batira. Rokutanga "Horch" (motokari) mapikicha, iri pazasi inoratidza.

Mugwagwa yokubudirira

Kubva makasitoma pamusoro motokari itsva, "Horch" pamwe injini inokwana 10-12 litres. a. uye bhokisi nyarara hapana kusunungurwa. Tsvimbo yawedzera mapfumbamwe vanhu. Nokuti mano injiniya Frits Zaydel chakatorwa pamusoro injini. Muzvirevo chikamu boka zvikavapo, uye muna 1902 pakuburitswa akakurudzirwa Reichenbach, uye makore maviri gare gare muZwickau (Saxony), apo kambani yakanga yachinjwa kudanda kambani vadyi pamwe anoyevedza panguva imwe vakanyorwa guta 140,000 zvinoratidza.

The muenzaniso wokutanga, yakabudiswa firimu itsva ine vazhinji zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa. It akagadzawo mumwe gearbox itsva, unoshanda chinyararire, pamwe kubva kumusoro-Chrome-nickel simbi rachulis. The batira unongoda pakati nokupfuuridzirwa uye injini. Torque kune veshure ngarurege ekisero iri wakapiwa pachishandiswa driveline. Muna 1906, motokari "Horch" kokutanga akakunda motokari rudzi, zvakauyiswa kambani kunyange akakurumbira zvikuru uye yakawanda mirairo. Mugore iroro idzva mienzaniso Horch akatanga kuratidza muBerlin, uye Paris Motor Show. A gore Papera chaipiwa nacho wokuenzanisira ine-humburumbira matanhatu injini vosmilitrovym vanokwanisa 60 litres. chik., muridzi iyo wokutanga aiva Sultan ari Indonesian pachitsuwa Java.

zvindori zvina - zvina muchiso

Innovation uye kugara kutsvaka zvinogadzirisa mutsva August Horch motokari pamasikiro aifanira kugara majekiseni zvemari. Izvi hazvirevi kufadza shareholders uye kwakaita kuti kugara kusawirirana. Horch akatenda zvematongerwo muchimhanya zvakanaka okushambadza nokuda muchiso. Automobile makambani akava dzose vechikamu pamusoro makwikwi, akagadzira pachake kazhinji akagara seri vhiri.

rate zvenyika zvinoda kugara mubhizimisi uye kukura. Saka, muna 1906, boka anotangazve itsva womuenzaniso ZD. German motokari "Horch ZD" ne 5.8-fő injini uye muviri lightweight mitambo akanga zvikuru vakaungana kuti ndiitewo nomukurumbira rudzi Henry Prussia. Kundikana kuita ari makwikwi kwaita kuti kusembura ari kare kuoma ukama shareholders, vakanga vasingagutsikane kutengesa ari rapfuura muenzaniso Horch Z. Musoro Designer vakaramba kwataurwa nzwisisa, zvakazara tichidzivirira maonero avo. Somugumisiro, muzhizha 1909 pakona shareholders Horch akasiya boka yaakasimbisa, asi papera mwedzi iyoyo muZwickau payo kunonyora imwe kambani itsva August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH.

Two yemakambani kusvika kufanana zita uye kunova musi iwoyo mumugwagwa zvakagumbura varidzi yapfuura kambani. Pashure muedzo kuti Horch vakarasika, paiva mubvunzo pamusoro zita idzva. Panguva disskusii pamusoro ichi mumba mwanakomana muridzi, uyo akadzidza Latin shamwari yake, chete Horch rakashandurwa kubva muchiGerman yechiLatin. Nokudaro akasvika zita Audi, uye gare gare - uye kambani Audi Automobilwerke GmbH.

Familiar nhasi marin'i mana Audi akazviratidza zvikuru gare gare. Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu zvoupfumi ari mangwanani 30-ies pamusoro makambani akasarudza kubatana chete boka Auto Union AG. The Kuwadzana zvinosanganisira Horch, Audi, nemudzungairi uye DKW. Chiratidzo marin'i mana dzinofananidzira mubatanidzwa makambani aya mana, uye zvinofanira kuva pamusoro motokari dzose hanya. Horch uye Audi akaita umbozha motokari, nemudzungairi - kirasi pakati, DKW - bhajeti uye upfumi mota. Pane zvisizvo kuti motokari "Horch" - ndiyo zvakafanana Audi, anongoti zita pamwe nguva. Chokwadi ndechokuti shure kwechinguva matatu kubva zvina vamiririri boka havasisipo. Pakanga chete Audi, iyo nhaka chiratidzo.

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Unonyanya dzakakurumbira yokutevedzera, "Horch" vanoonekwa kuti motokari mana humburumbira michini, paavhareji injini vanokwanisa. Bhuku rokutengesa motokari pamwe michina misha guru (mitambo, varaidzo) taigara zvishoma nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Aitofanira mhando yakabereka kubva 1937 kusvika 1940 (851/853 / 853A / 855/951 / 951A). kumiririrwa izvi chakasimba kwazvo muchina akayeuka sechiratidzo pakati zvizivikanwe, "Horch". Car (photos 1939 riri pazasi tanakidzwa) akatarisa kukuru.

Kuwedzera nyaya motokari vanhuwo zvavo, Horch makasimba ane wandei Zvakaitika kugadzirwa motokari zvechiuto. Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira ndiwo avhareji multi-chinangwa motokari "Horch 901" mamiriro enzvimbo. Motokari iyi yakagadzirwa 1937 kusvika 1940 kuti chirongwa kushongedzera yacho Wehrmacht Army-nemavhiri motokari ine mhando nhatu: chiedza, nomutoo uye rinorema.

Pashure pehondo madokero Makambani

Kubvira pakati 30-ies management wekambani August Horch akanga kusununguka. Iye kuwedzera tichiita nevamwe, achisimudzira wandei mukuru nzvimbo. Pashure pehondo, guta muZwickau akaramba ari mundima raitungamirwa Soviet Union. Makambani vakanga nationalized uye akava nhengo IFA, kunyange dzimwe nguva kwaita motokari pasi Horch muchiso Somuenzaniso, mumiririri muenzaniso 930S.

Horch motokari dziri kurongwa

Lineup mota rehurumende zvinogona kuonekwa tafura pazasi kwemakore.

Zvino imi munoziva nhoroondo zvinoshamisa michina izvi uye avo matarenda musiki.