Byzantine mosaics pamusoro Ravenna

In wepurovhinzi guta riri pamhenderekedzo muGungwa reAdriya, rinowanzoshandiswa achinja vatongi, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo akaedza vashongedze Ravenna itsva nhare netemberi, zvokuti rokuItari chindori kuri kuva chikuru muzinda mapurani art munyika. Zvayaiva pakati East uye West, ndizvo pfuma yemashoko nemamwe zvenhoroondo nzvimbo, vasere vari pasi kudzivirira UNESCO.

Zvisinei, chikuru kukwezvana vavakaropafadzwa Ravenna anonzi ari mosaics chinokosha, dzakanga akacherechedza chaizvoizvo pose pose. UNHU wake kuita zvinoshamisa uye fascinates ani naani anobata nemagariro nhaka guta akapfuma kare.

The Art of Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine waMosesi kugadzirwa akaiswa pamusoro rukova, uye zvose temberi uye mumizinda vakanga akashongedzwa mifananidzo mavara negirazi. Chokwadi, ichi hachisi zita chaizvo echokwadi, sezvo iri uri - kwete muripo. The creators avakuru mabasa akanyorwa havasi pendi, uye vakanga basa kubva smalt zvidimbu.

Maruva kuti waMosesi uri weveta V-VI remakore, inonzi yendarama zera. Zvikuru nomukurumbira munyika vakaziva sezvo ounyanzvi pamusoro Ravenna mosaics nemifananidzo Hagia Sophia (Constantinople). chechi Historic muna Istanbul uye kusvikira nhasi yave rakaramba simba noumambo zvaakanga akapiwa rusununguko nokuda kwayo creators - creators kuti Byzantium yekare. Beautiful mabasa kukosha kwazvo tsika nyika, zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka.

Temberi uye mosaics pamusoro Ravenna: asazivikanwa dzomutengo

Early machechi echiKristu, kudanana kubva V-VII emakore, apo Ravenna raiva guta guru Western hweRoma, hapana akashamisika mapurani mhinduro uye runako chairwo. Vaenzi eguta rekare vanobvuma kuti kunze hazvina mutsauko pfungwa: featureless mumugwagwa, asazivikanwa nharaunda, kushaya tarenda ezvinhu uye rinokosha ruvara. Zvisinei, pamusoro pfumbu pamadziro zvetemberi uye gobvu chidhinha namasvingo inovanza waMosesi nhaka guta. Original mabasa ounyanzvi kuvanzwa yokunzvera meso, uye kuwana kwavari, vachava kuwana mepu iri musha, riri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva Italy.

Mosaics pamusoro Ravenna saka zvinozivikanwa pasi pose kuti zvimwe zvinhu nemagariro vachiri asingabatwi ne vashanyi. Pfuma inokosha chaizvo kuti haana akaenzana muguta ripi munyika, zvakavigwa shure faceless pamadziro zvezvivako enhoroondo. Tisati tataura pamusoro huru kuzvikudza Ravenna, unofanira kuteerera zvinhu emifananidzo izvi.

WaMosesi kuti smalt

WaMosesi - a kufarira kushongedzwa machechi echiKristu muya zvakazara rinosanganisa ari aesthetic nevatambi zvenyika zvechitendero. kupenda ichi yambokurukurwa nokuda Byzantines, wakasika rinokosha mabikirwo kugadzirwa glazes. The nyore yokugadzirisa nayo girazi anowedzerwa zvakasiyana nesimbi (endarama, mekuri, mhangura, uye vamwe) kupa noruvara mavara akasiyana. The chikuru che waMosesi mifananidzo akanga akafanana pakukura neatly vakaisa zvidhinha.

Byzantine mosaics muna Ravenna rava chikuru chinoumba iri kushongedzwa pamakuva, temberi, basilicas, uko nechekumberi ziso mabasa. The chikuru nhaurwa akakura mifananidzo akava nhoroondo yechiKristu uye nyaya dzemubhaibheri. Technology achiisa glazes ose gore akavandudzika, uye vanyori zvinoshamisa nziyo kuva Formulations itsva uye mavara.

Features zvigadzirwa

Chii chinosiyanisa Byzantine waMosesi kubva muRoma? The chikuru chinoratidza kushandiswa goridhe anova kumashure zvakanga dzakaiswa inoperera vane unpolished pamusoro, ari kuzivikanwa kwayo nzvimbo hama kune dzimwe zvinhu. Uyezve, vanatenzi vaishandisa anotsvedzerera contours kana mufananidzo miganhu miviri kana zvinhu, akapa murwiyo kune wakaisvonaka kumashure zvakajeka. Saka akasikwa rejira chete, zvakanaka shimmering mu sokupenya makenduru rwokuzvarwa chiedza uye. Kunofadza mutambo ruvara uye zvichiratidza kuti pave nezvaizoitwa mumafirimu, kurarama upenyu hwavo.

Artists Ravenna waMosesi uri zvikoro, anosika munguva V pamusoro VII zera, anoshanda palette, glazes zvinosanganisira mavara chikuru uye dzakasiyana-siyana maketeni siyana. Kakawanda, cubes zvaiva rectangular, mativi chimiro, kunyange zvazvo vamwe mapikicha unogona kuona rwakapoteredza uye denderedzwa zvinhu guru hukuru - kubva 7 kusvika 15 mm.

Heritage uye modernity

Mosaics pamusoro Ravenna, iyo yakava guta guru Western hweRoma, hapana nzira muduku zvinoshamisa mabasa weConstantinople. City, vaitakura wenyaya yetsime unyanzvi uye tsika, ane akapfuma nhaka, razova ichikonzera rakafuridzirwa kuti vanyori vakakurumbira uye vemifananidzo. The guta ano haana kukanganwa wekare unyanzvi: mune rimwe zvikoro kuparadzana waMosesi, izvo ashanyirwa zvose Italian uye dzimwe vadzidzi. It inoshanyirwa okudhindira uye misangano, inobatanidza nyanzvi dzokununura kubva munyika.

Ravenna akabvunza matarenda vanoita basa rokudzorera, kusika hunoshamisa makopi mabasa yakakurumbira kuti zvinogona kutengwa mune unyanzvi namaberere muguta. Zviremera vanoziva waMosesi guru, kuti huru basa - hazvisi chete kuchengetedza pfuma yenyika, asi kuti vave paruzhinji.

Mausoleum pamusoro Galla Placidia

Dangwe mapurani Monument ndiyo mausoleum pamusoro Galla Placidia muna Ravenna. WaMosesi achiumbwa Byzantine vanatenzi V remakore akasikwa, izvo akauya kubva Istanbul Theodosius mwanasikana Great. Kutaura zvazviri, sezvinoita vaongorori vakawana, hachisi guva chairo, sezvo Gallus akavigwa muRoma, uye chivako ichi, akatarira kwazvo asingakwezvi, chinhu chiduku chapero rwakazvitsaurira kuna St. Lawrence - aiva musande aive wemhuri youmambo.

Ingrown panguva emakore pfuma yakavanzwa munyika pezvitina mamiriro, rudzi iyo mukare mushanyi ose. Rakamanikana mahwindo, ndokuisa nejasipiri ndiro, rakapinza kupenya kwezuva, uye kuona chiedza shimmering wezvidimbu cubes Ravenna, dzakaita sezvishongo. Chishamiso ichi ndicho tsananguro - saka kuridza smalt achitumira rinoreva zvakasiyana-siyana ruvara. Ghost chiedza chiitiko pamusoro roughened pamusoro kunooneka panguva dzakasiyana pamakona, uye hwakavigwa mumakamuri uye madziro mausoleum airatidzika mudutu pamberi Vashanyi vakafara.

supernal runako rwake

Mosaics pamusoro Ravenna, mapikicha anokonzera kufara kunyange pakati vanhu kure unyanzvi, pakarepo pachena. Rising mausoleum of UNESCO anodzivirirwa ari mutema azere nyeredzi panguva yayo pakati rikasabuda muchinjikwa yendarama, rinotungamirirwa kumabvazuva, uye mana Arch akashongedzwa zviratidzo veevhangeri Byzantines - nzombe, shumba, gondo uye ngirozi. Pano unogona kuona ichibviswa nyika yekare, uye muuki kuchaita kuratidza mifananidzo panguva yakasiyana zvachose runako - naMwari.

Chirevo

Young Iisus Hristos anofananidzwa Mufudzi Akanaka takapoteredzwa nemakwai. Zvakajairika kuti mufananidzo yechiKristu yokutanga weMuponesi wedu, chete yepepuru uye nendarama nenguvo izvo zvinoratidza ari mberi kwedu chaizvo. Kunenge kuti kwokufananidzira yavatsvene ari mutema nechekumashure, achiyeuchidza vekare vacho togas Roman, uye mazambiringa - yechihedheni bacchanalia.

Zvisinei, vaimbi dzaiimba waMosesi, takaberekwa tine kwokufananidzira zvinoreva mufananidzo ose: kuteerera makwai aKristu - makwai, kunwa kubva zvakajeka rukova njiva uye nondo - vaKristu, kuchipedza dzidziso itsva, uye boka mazambiringa - weEdheni, umo vatendi kuwa.

Mosaics of Basilica of San Vitale

Pedyo mausoleum isangano akakurumbira yeSan Vitale muna Ravenna. Mosaics of Basilica, chinoitwa Byzantine mhizha huru pfuma anozviramba-achitarisa mapurani Monument, apo zvisaririra aiva musande aive akakomborerwa guta - St. Kunokosha. VaKristu vakanga wakambofunga nezvemibvunzo nokunaka zvemweya, kwete kunze, haana yakashongedzwa temberi dzavo, nzvimbo umbozha kuti zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa. Made in VI remakore Byzantine mosaics wekuSan Vitale muna Ravenna, rakanga vaiona yakaisvonaka kunze weConstantinople, inoshongedza aritari kacho apse uye kukwidziridzwa pearitari. Zvinhu kubva Old Testament, mufananidzo waJesu navatsvene, Mambo Justinian wake zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva mifananidzo iri mausoleum.

The huru yaitwa muna mifananidzo anomira yendarama ruvara, uye nhamba Dzakafanana havachakwanisi mashoko. Vakatendeuka munzvimbo sandarara siluetti uye sokuti usina muviri. Kunyange zvazvo inorema drapes nguvo pasi muzvirugu dzavo havanzwi nemiviri. Mesmerizing anopenya meso makuru vanhu vakanga pauri.

zvokunamata chaizvo

On the pamatende vakaratidza shasha tenzi wacho kwete kwenguva duku, uye nyaya yacho nokusingaperi, achiratidza kuva zvinhu goko, uye huMwari, uye sangano kuchinja kuuya yakagwamba nechando mifananidzo uye nzira zvakajeka pane bhuku. Hapana noruvara kumeso kuchinja, uye mosaics wekuSan Vitale muna Ravenna ndiye ruvara huru makwapa.

Byzantine kusazivikanwa vanyori kumboona Kesari uye wake akaedza kubudisa haisi mufananidzo wechinhu uye zvaari pakunamata, pakuziva pfungwa dzavo runako. Murume wake, namambo mukuru zvakafananidzwa munguva apo Chechi transmits yendarama poto sechipo. musoro Justinian wacho, musatora Chisarudzo chipi chinokosha pasina mukadzi, vakashonga ane denderedzwa rechiedza. Hazvibviri kuona zvechokwadi unhu: nyama yose uye duku nechokuruboshwe kunze kwetemberi, uye mambo yechipiri hafu ifananidzwe mutongi akanaka.

Basic ruvara ukomba kuti inosimbisa mutambo ezvinhu Basilica - chena, zvitema, ndarama, uye girini. Nezvidimbu glazes akaitwa panguva dzakasiyana pamakona, uye chiedza chavo chaibwinya anopa pfungwa inoshamisa yakapoteredza yaibata pose pose inodziya chezuva. Hazvizivikanwi, chii anorova zvikuru: zvakanaka pfungwa sezvamunoita, dzakarukwa zvakanaka aishanda mashoko, kana kuti yakakwana ruvara enzanirana.

Nemicheka Baptistry pamusoro Neon

Muzana V remakore, paiva mapurani chinhu, vakaona somumwe rinonyatsooneka Zvivako munyika - guta Baptistery. Ravenna waMosesi, wakakwana machena inlays uye moldings, sokunge akanyorwa sechivako rising, aida kubhabhatidzwa uye ndiani vezera sezvo Mausoleum pakati Galla Placidia.

Masters akashandisa rakasiyana nzira yose zvidimbu uye anopatsanura zvinhu zvavo - rudzi siyana, uye musimboti dhisiki dzichidirana zvendarama mwaranzi. On the domed Panel anogona kuonekwa kubhabhatidzwa Kristu naJohane mubhabhatidzi chiitiko, njiva, inomiririra Mutsvene, vaapostora 12, vakatakura korona kwaStefani. Figures nhume dzaMwari, kuratidzwa murima yebhuruu kumashure vanoonekwa vari kufamba, uye pose apo ivo havatsiki, anotarira vakareruka. Vadzidzi vaJesu majasi kudzora mbiri mavara - goridhe uye chena, embodying zvokunamata. Faces vaapostora, vane unhu simba, dzakatarwa.

Vanotongwa Jerusarema rekudenga

Students Kristu kuratidzwa sezvo chiedza vatakuri dzidzo yechiKristu. Muponesi akabhabhatidzwa, uye kuuya kuburikidza nenyasha nevaapostora chakasvitswa kuKereke panyika, iyo dzinofananidzira kuratidzwa atari. Uye miti yemichero pamusoro rising Baptistery dzinoitwa mweya yechiKristu, vanobereka zvibereko zvakanaka. Akadaro akapfuma kushongedzwa zvivako zvechitendero akasimbisa unokosha kukosha vatendi rubhabhatidzo, uye rose nziyo iri chokuita dingindira of New Jerusalem - guta, akatuma Jesu Panyika-mukundi.

Mumwe anogona chete kuyeva rinokosha chipo zita matarenda, izvo Anozvirumbidza Ravenna ano. Mosaics uye tuore Baptistery, mudungwe namabwe duku akapfuma ruvara palette, pamwe vanyatsoona zvakarurama zvaiitwa nevanhu uye kwete Byzantine vanatenzi. Ivo akasikwa sezvamunoita inofadza, ikapenya inopenya mavara.

kosha mabasa

Ancient Ravenna, akatendeuka kubva guta guru mutaundi dzematunhu, riri kusimba nevakawanda kuvashanyi. Makore akawanda apfuura, izvozvo zvachinja, asi nguva dzose akaramba ounyanzvi ayo anokosha kuti akapona creators dzavo uye zvakanaka zvichengeteke. Amazing mosaics pamusoro Ravenna, umo zvakaoma kubvarura maonero vari kufarira zvose vashanyi vanokoshesa zvinhu yakanaka.