Byukenen Dzheyms: Biography uye pikicha

Nyaya umo denderedzwa ibudirire, dzakakurumbira uye anozivikanwa vanhu unogona kusangana uzere namesakes, hadziwanzowaniki. Asi pasi zita Byukenen Dzheyms anozivikanwa vakakurumbira vanhu vanoverengeka, mumwe uyo akaita mupiro wakakura kuti kukura upfumi ano. Muridzi chete zita aivawo American muzvinabhizimisi aibudirira, uyo ane bhizimisi guru fodya, uye mutungamiri US. Munyaya ino tikatarisa nhoroondo dzeupenyu ose hunoshamisa James Buchanan, uyewo kudzidza pamusoro zvemashoko Ivo nokuda izvo kuva tichizikamwa.

From akahwina mubayiro weNobel uye mutungamiri US XV kune vemungano enyambo bhuku gamba

To musi, pane zvakawanda vokuAmerica vane mazita vane mubatanidzwa yakadaro - Dzheyms Byukenen. Ava ndivo vanhu vasina chokuita nomumwe nyanzvi mabasa. Mumwe wavo - chakasimba yose muzvinabhizimisi uye industrialist pamusoro XIX remakore, izvo vakaunganidza mabhiriyoni vari indasitiri yefodya. Chechipiri - Nobel Prize-richakunda Nezveupfumi Dzheyms Byukenen, voruzhinji kusarudza dzidziso iyo yava kushandiswa nezvoupfumi uye masayendisiti enyika pasi pose.

Zita rakafanana yapfuura maviri gamba kuti nyaya yedu, akapfeka XV weUnited States President. Haiwa, hatigoni kutaura kuti iye akaburuka munhau pamusana hakubatsiri, asi ichi Buchanan uyewo chimwe chinhu nebope - the tabvumirana kuti American dzekare akamudana yakaipisisa mutungamiri ose kare USA.

The mazita nomukurumbira varidzi zita iri rinogona kunzi mumwe gamba Zvisinei, uyu vemungano. Vakava mumwe enyambo bhuku unhu kinovselennoy Musashamisika - musoja anonzi Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky Barnes). Zvinoita sokuti vari XXI remakore, Fafitera aigona kuona vakawanda kudaro nyeredzi firimu rine hapana chinogona kushamisika. Asi pamwe Bucky Barnes zvose zvashanduka kubva zvakasiyana. "Musashamisika 'mafeni vanozivikanwa kuzvipira kwavo enyaya rudo chekambani hwokunyanyisa kwake vemungano vatambi. Pano uye Byukenen Dzheyms, rimwe zuva vachiva rutivi nyaya enyaya, sezvinoita akararamazve uye akava murume chaiye. Chimiro akaenda saka zvinhu sezvazviri kuti paIndaneti yakatsaurirwa mafeni firimu kambani akaronga Biography ake, nhetembo zvatsaurwa kwaari uye vataure zvose on-screen kuitwa gamba ichi.

Munyaya ino tichakurukura pfupi nhoroondo dzeupenyu zvose yakakurumbira James Buchanan, uye taura kuti vabudirire, havana wakakodzera kuva nhoroondo uko. Akagadzira "Musashamisika," mumwe Biography reupenyu Bucky Barnes, isu, nokuda kururamisira uye vakavimbika mafeni ake, sezvo kumboongorora panoperera nyaya ino.

The Economist huru uye akahwina mubayiro weNobel

The rokutanga Buchanan Biography yatinofunga funga chichava munhu ane zvizere zita - Dzheyms Makgill Byukenen Jr ..

Akaberekerwa muna 1919, muna mumwe American inoti, rinonzi Tennessee. inotungamirwa yake yemberi akahwina mubayiro weNobel wokutanga waiva dzeko mudzidzisi nokudzidziswa kukoreji. Dzidzo yepamusoro (dhigirii tenzi wacho), mumwe murume wechiduku aibva University of Tennessee, kubudirira zvidzidzo simba rorusununguko Economics. Pashure nokubudiswa ake zvinenge pakarepo vaitorwa kuhondo. Apfuudza zvinokosha kunodzidziswa zvechiuto pachikoro mugungwa, akashanda Guam, uyewo padzimbahwe zvikepe pana Pearl Harbor.

doctorate waKe dzezvoupfumi Dzheyms Makgill Byukenen akagamuchira pashure pehondo, muna 1948, pahwaro paUniversity of Chicago. Kwenguva refu akanga munyaya inobudirira pakudzidzisa basa, kuverenga hurukuro ake paUniversity of Virginia, uyewo kupfuura nomukurumbira mumayunivhesiti ose Tennessee uye Florida.

Muna 1969, akava wokutanga nokusingaperi Director Muzinda Wokudzidza Public Choice. Aivawo purezidhendi Western uye Southern Economic Association, achisimudzira ane honorary mutevedzeri weAmerican Economic Association. mapepa Scientific rakanyorwa Buchanan, yaiva zvinhu pamusoro yenyaya kwezvirongwa chikwereti, dzidziso mose mabasa, libertarian pfungwa, chirongwa kuvhota uye macroeconomics.

Basa, wakabudisa kuzivikanwa mune zvematongerwo enyika munyika yose upfumi

Dzheyms Byukenen - The Economist, ane basa kushandiswa sehwaro hwemazuva sayenzi enyika uye dzezvoupfumi. Akanga muvambi Virginia School enyika upfumi. basa rake rakava anowedzera kumwe kutsvakurudza achisimbisa kuti siyana vasiri zvoupfumi uye zvido nomunhu enyika vane zvakananga simba pamusoro zvoupfumi mitemo neimwe nyika.

Dzidziso paruzhinji sarudzo naJames Buchanan akabvumira munyori wayo kuti ave akahwina mubayiro weNobel. Uyu murume akararama upenyu ravakwa refu, akafa muna January 2013. Nhasi zita rake inozivikanwa musayendisiti ose enyika uye Economist, uye vakawanda mabasa ake kwesayenzi vari zvinowanzoshandiswa kudzidza dzidziso uye kuita zvisarudzo enyika uye zvoupfumi.

Fodya tycoon uye baba remidzanga ano

zita rizere remunhu ane bio pfupi tinotarisira mberi - Dzheyms Byukenen Duke. Akanga akaberekerwa North Carolina muna December 1856. Iye anonzi baba remidzanga ano, uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka.

Munguva 1880s iye mukoma wake akava fodya kudzora rutsigiro, yakavambwa baba vavo - Washington Duke. Pakutanga, fekitari yavo yaive niche diki mumabhizimisi fodya. Asi makore maviri gare gare, James akawana maonero matsva. Kana midzanga zvose pamberi curled vashandi manually, asi zvino, pamwe veMubatanidzwa muchina nokuda otomatiki Kugadzirwa midzanga, izvi zvingatotora nokukurumidza nguva zhinji. Zvino majaya Duke akaita zvose kuti muchina uyu akava.

Akawana rezinesi kuti muchina wokutanga zvenyika, zvoga mudzanga kugadzira muitiro afunga James Bonsakom makanika. fekitari kurimwa kwasvika kuvandudza. The muchina zvinyoronyoro dzakapeterera mumwe midzanga zvisingaperi uye mapanga kuti tenderera panguva vakaenzana marefu, zvidimure kupinda dzakawanda vaduku. Migumo ayo curled noruoko pamberi vashandi fodya kubva kupwa kunze, zvino vane chinangwa chete vakanga akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya anokosha makemikari. Uyewo, kuvandudza kunaka idzva mudzanga soaking mu molasses, glycerol kana shuga.

Number remidzanga zvine yakawedzera pamwe rinoshamisa nokukurumidza. Kana vasati fekitari James vashandi por kusuduruka aigona kubudisa vaifanira remidzanga 200, zvino, muchina nokuti shanduko nyore vakanda 120 zviuru. Dzakabatana! Before James Buchanan Duke, dambudziko idzva - kutengeswa. Mavhoriyamu, unobereka fekitari yacho modernized, ndizvo 1/5 chii America aisvuta dzose nguva. Uye Duke vaiita hasha yokutengesa. Aiva mupinduriri panguva zviitiko siyana, vachipa panze midzanga mahara panguva yayo makwikwi siyana, uyewo kukwira mari mu packs it collectible makadhi. Iye zvikwata kumusoro wayo huru US mukwikwidzi uye pave ndiye - American Fodya Company.

mumwe chete muna 1889 akapedza pakushambadzira 800 zviuru. Dollars. midzanga ake aida vanhu vachiti kuti ndiye akadzidzisa America kusvuta Camel. Asi chikuru kugadzirwa mavhoriyamu vakaramba zvinoda Misika itsva, hombe.

Kupatsanura kumusika kuti mufodya

Mukutanga 1890s akanga chaizvo kuedza kuputsa kupinda musika muUK, asi vakanga vakamirira iye maindasitiri ruzivo, vakanga vasina kuenda kuzvipira. Vachityisidzirwa nechisimba neDare Duke muchadenga kwavo, vakanga yabatanidza mugomba chete repamutemo, izvo pashure penguva yakati vakaedza kupinda American musika James. Kuburikidza Nhaurirano mumwe nekuyanana vakazobvumirana kuti akapa zvose mapato.

Iyi yakaoma nokuti James Buchanan yake basa vamwe akanga ashumira paari mumatare kusingaperi. Pakupedzisira, muna 1911, ari chindingindingi kuAmerican Fodya Company havasisipo. Maererano dare, kambani yakakamurwa mapoka maduku anoverengeka, uye pasi pokudzora James chete mumwe wavo.

James kubudirira mune simba

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore Buchanan Duke akavaka anoverengeka duku simba makambani, rwakazokura hwaro kwezvisikwa Duke Energy Corporation mune ramangwana. Uyezve, inopa magetsi kuti Whitehead Textile zvigayo Duke (waakatumidzawo aishanda zvikuru zvinobudirira), dzesangano akatipa yemagetsi chiedza maguta mazhinji North uye South Carolina. On mundima yokupedzisira muna 1928 zvakanzi zvakasikwa gungwa rinopa magetsi kudunhu rose. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvakanga zita kuremekedza James Buchanan Duke.

Kwete chete kuvakwa fodya hwacho, asiwo vaichengetedza of University

History anoyeuka murume uyu haana chete sezvo baba fodya ano. With mabhiriyoni emadhora guru, James asarudza kumisa ayo kuvimba Fund ine guta guru $ mamiriyoni 40 muna 1924.

Vazhinji izvi mari philanthropist akapa Durham University, iyo yava kuzivikanwa Duke University.

Dzheyms Byukenen: Biography, nokuti hakuna nyadzi

Zita Buchanan haazokanganwi nokukurumidza, nekuti wakaita nomujenya yakajeka ndangariro naye akararama kwemazana emakore pashure pokufa kwake. Vazhinji nhaka yake Duke ikazopiwa nerudo: rutsigiro uye pave Duke University, uyewo zvikoro zvedzidzo akadai University D. Smith, Davidson College uye Furman University. Uyezve, dzimwe mari iye ikazopiwa anoverengeka asiri purofiti zvipatara uye misha nevana yaiva North uye South Carolina.

wakakurumbira mwanasikana wake pose - Doris Duke - nhaka vose vasara pfuma, uye mari yababa vake. Mundangariro dzake, munharaunda Duke farmers iye akasika bindu zvinoshamisa yechando, apo yakashongedzwa muunganidzwa zvivezwa yave re. Doris akadana zvose izvi runako mapindu Duke.

Mumwe yakaipisisa mapurezidhendi muna US munhoroondo

Mumwe murume ainzi James Buchanan akasiya mucherechedzo wake US munhoroondo - XV purezidhendi America. kukosha kwayo pane musoro wehurumende ichiri kunzi zvikuru nharo. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika kare zvakachengeteka vanouti vakaipisisa vose US mapurezidhendi mhosva passivity uye kuzengurira. Huru nharo pamusoro Buchanan ndechokuti hurumende yake pashure kuparadzana States muna North uye South uye haizopereri kutanga hondo yevagari chakakomba.

Vamwe vanodavira kuti maonero bhodhi kuti purezidhendi hakufaniri kudaro categorical. Usakanganwa kuti aifanira kumhanya nyika kupinda rimwe rayo akaoma zvikuru nguva. In yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, dambudziko muuranda America chakanga chakaipisisa. Kunetsana of South uye North yaisagona akadzivirwa, uye nzira nhoroondo zviitiko harina kuchinjwa, saka ungati kuti Buchanan kunyange sezvo mutungamiri, uye makuru, akanga asina simba.

Akaberekwa XV ramangwana purezidhendi America muna April 1791 muPennsylvania mumhuri kumbonyanya murombo nevana vakawanda. Pasinei neizvi, jaya akakwanisa mutemo dhigirii. Ake nyanzvi chiitiko yokutanga iye pandaishanda gweta muhondo reBritain neAmerica.

Muna 1814-1816 gg. mumba yake ezvinhu Pennsylvania , akava nhengo yeparamende. Muna 1831 akagadzwa nhume muSt Petersburg imba. Uye ipapo zvikuru zvinobudirira asaina wokutanga webasa chibvumirano pakati America uye Russia. Uyezve, iye akabata nzvimbo Senator uye gurukota Affairs Foreign.

Muna 1856, ivo Democratic Party nominated kuti mutungamiri wenyika ndiye candidature ake. Panguva iyoyo rehurumende Kansas , ezvinhu akaoma - pane kushanda vaviri vokwaJehovha hurumende (vatsigiri uye vavengi uranda). Tsvimbo akanga achimirira mutungamiri mutsva uye zvaanosarudza nezveramangwana Kansas. Havadi sembura ane mamiriro ezvinhu kare akaoma, Dzheyms Byukenen akasarudza kusanganisira Kansas muranda mamiriro. Next, paiva kwebope varanda, iyo hurumende US rakanyatsojeka oma kuisa pasi. Zvino kudzvinyirira yokupanduka kwakavadzungairisa mukuru weboka uye nebope pakati North uye South.

Political vasayendisiti uye kare vakaona kuti mutsivi wake, Abraham Lincoln, President Buchanan akasiya munyika chakaipisisa ezvinhu, vava kuda yehondo yevagari pakati mapoka maviri vasingawirirani. Buchanan akafa muna 1868, vaine asati afa, kuti anyore rondedzero tuzvikonzero mitemo yayo. Asi kunyanya izvozvo zvikasashanda, nekuti munhau uye akaramba yakaipisisa mutungamiri USA.

Rinotevera hunhu "Musashamisika" nezita James

Uye vokupedzisira ichaziva Byukenen Dzheyms, vane Biography ichakurukurwa munyaya ino, panguva Pakutanga, hairevi chekambani yapfuura magamba. Ndiye chete munhu vemungano hunhu ane Biography kwave zvinobudirira tega vanyori "Musashamisika". Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti kwave kutanga kubudirira zvokuti enyambo mafeni yose nyika vachitsvaka Biography uye anonyatsovafarira nezvokuzadziswa upenyu ichi vemungano hunhu. hunhu ichi vateereri wokutanga akaona muna 2010, apo guru chidzitiro akauya "The Mutsivi First."

Saka, maererano nengano "Musashamisika", Dzheyms Byukenen Barnes (mutambi, kuziva mufananidzo wake chidzitiro - Sebastian Stan) akazvarwa kure 1917. Akaratidza nemigumisiro yakanaka muminda mitambo yakasiyana siyana, yave mutungamiriri mukirasi yacho. Kamwe James akaona sei hooligans vakarova mumwe mukomana simba, uye akasimuka naye. Mukomana uyu aiva Stiv Rodzhers, uyo akazova kunozivikanwa Captain America. Mushure chiitiko, vakomana vakava shamwari dzakanaka. Pakatanga World War II Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky) Barnes akanzi kuhondo, akanga muchando kurovedza musasa McCoy uye akatumirwa Italian mberi.

Winter Musoja ari Buchanan unonzi

Uyezve, akanga akabatwa Boka "Hydra" uye yakatorwa, izvo akatambura zvikuru kushungurudzwa, kutambudza, uye nokuti akaramba ari oga kwenguva refu. pakutapwa ichi anowana shamwari yake pauduku akanga atova munguva yehondo, Captain America. Iye anongovangira anunure James uye vachiri ndigomusunungura pakutapwa. Dzheyms Byukenen (Bucky) anobatana chikwata akamusunungura vamwe uye chinangwa chavo zvakafanana anova chido kudzima "Hydra" kubva panyika. Panguva imwe kurwa Dzheyms Byukenen Barnes kwakadonha kunze chitima, muviri wake wakanga kumbobvira kuwanikwa, uye vose vakabvumirana kuti akanga afa.

Kutaura zvazviri, muviri Buchanan chakawanikwa rimwe vezvikwata zvenyika "Hydra". Iye zvachose kudzimwa kuyeuka, uye kwenguva yakareba pamusoro pomuviri James vakapfuudzira kuedza siyana. Kwemakore anoverengeka, zvakanzi achinyatsotaurira rakagadzirwa nevanhu hope, dzimwe nguva kupa takamuka kana zvakafanira kutevedza hurongwa kupondwa mutungamiriri ane simba.

Maererano nomumwe mirayiro "Hydra", Buchanan aifanira kuuraya Captain America, uye hazvina zvachose pasina chinetso kwaari, nekuti mundangariro dzake, ndangariro muuduku ushamwari, yagara zvapera. Patinoita basa iri, ari nguva zvakananga nebope pakati Captain America uye shamwari yake, kuti James kupenya vakatanga kudzokera zvaanoyeuka, uye vose vakapona. Asi Dzheyms Byukenen, vari ikozvino zvose kunzi Winter Musoja, akabva anyangarika zvakare.