Broad-leaved masango: features, zororo, zvinomera uye mhuka

The mapazi nemasango Deciduous iri munharaunda muManchuria, Far East, mukati dzinodziya mapazi ose Europe, kumabvazuva China, North America. uyewo inokanganisa kumaodzanyemba South America uye dzimwe nzvimbo Central Asia.

Broad-leaved masango zvinowanza apo anotonga kwoushamwari okunze, uye nhamba kupisa uye mwando - yakanakisisa. Izvi zvinopa akanaka ezvinhu panguva Mwaka wokukura. Sheet ndiro mumiti kukura mune rakafara, saka zita yomudondo. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu zvairatidza dzinongoitika nzvimbo? Broad-leaved masango vari kumusha zhinji mhuka, nezvinokambaira, neshiri nezvipembenene.

mamirire zvinhu

Kunyanya masango broadleaf vavete chokwadi kuti akasiyana tiers maviri vangazivikanwa mazviri. Mumwe wavo - dzakanga, mumwe - rezasi. Izvi dondo nemiti, uswa hunokura rinowanikwa tiers matatu, pasi kavha chinomiririrwa lichens uye mosses.

Chimwe chinhu ndiyo hurumende chiedza. Mumasango aya emit zviviri chiedza kunonyanyisa. First kuchengetwa muchirimo, kana miti hadzisati kufukidzwa mashizha. Wechipiri - iri kuwa apo mashizha thins. Summer chiedza kupinda iri shoma. Above muoti rinotsanangura zviri uswa pakavha.

Soil broadleaf masango vapfumi Organic uye chicherwa yeimwe. Ndivo mugumisiro manyowa zvirimwa nemarara. Miti Deciduous masango ane nedota. Kunyanya yakawanda yacho mashizha - anenge mashanu muzana. Ash, akavapindurawo, akapfuma karusiyamu (makumi maviri muzana nhamba). In wayo sezvamunoita anosanganisirawo potassium (anenge maviri muzana) nesilicon (anosvika matatu muzana).

Miti Deciduous masango

Rwemichinjiko yakadaro dzinoratidzwa akapfuma siyana muti marudzi. Last unogona kuverenga vanenge gumi nevaviri. Broad-leaved mumasango ari taiga Somuenzaniso, hazvina kudaro kupfuma panyaya iyi. Chikonzero ndechokuti utsinye dzinotaurwa taiga hachifanani chinoratidza kuti kukura nemiti. Vazhinji vachirayira Zvinoumba ivhu uye dzinotaurwa muti marudzi havazopukunyuki pasi nematambudziko ezvinhu.

Kumaodzanyemba chikamu Tula nharaunda iri inozivikanwa dondo. Anopa pfungwa huru ingave masango pahupamhi-leaved. Ivhu nzvimbo iyi yakanaka kuti kukura miti sezvo petiolate yemiouki, duku-leaved madota, aquifolium uye munda maples, zvakajairika dota, elm, elm, mhuka Apple uye peya. Oaks nedota soro, vakatevera aquifolium maples, nemiterebhini uye Linden. Yakaderera - munda Maple, mhuka peya uye apuro miti. Kazhinji, chikuru nzvimbo inogarwa nemiouki nemimwe miti ave satellites.

Ngatikurukurei muudzame ichangobva kutaurwa nevamiririri dendroflora.

1. Oak. Ndiro huru chiedza coniferous yakafara-leaved masango ari European munharaunda. pamuouki Chirungu - kumwe dolgorastuschih uye miti makuru. Unowanikwa paunenge anofungira mu landings chete. Vachikwanisa kushivirira kuchekerera Oak anogona vaunze tapeworms rakanaka idenderedzwa, obovate, shatrovidnymi korona chimiro.
2. Elm. Smooth uye mafungu zvipenyu zvinowanika mumasango munzvimbo dzisiri dema. miti huru Ava vanoumba revane weDanho coniferous uye masango Deciduous. Yamboshandiswa chaizvo mapindu asi mumakore achangopfuura izvi muitiro shoma nokuda kupararira kwechirwere chacho, sezvo Dutch chirwere pakati elm.
3. European dota. Chirimwa kunosvika mamita matatu kana mana kureba. Nokuti muti uyu kunoratidzwa zvakanaka yakananga hunde, kuti nemakwati chiedza pfumbu (rikawira ne nguva yerima), unzenza openwork korona, kutadza yakawanda chezuva. The midzi ane chaizvo zvakawanda, simba, gobvu atwo uye mutsvairo. The runoratidza - matunhu yaanoti murwiyo ivhu. European dota chikuru rudzi ruminant munda-unodzivirira. kupisa uku uye photophilous chirimwa, chitubu frosts anotakura zvakaipa. Flowering dota kunoitika May, ari pollination muitiro zvinoitwa nemhepo. kuibvisa nguva muchero - October-November. Voparadzwa kana yechando, kana mangwanani chitubu.
4. Beech Forest. Kuramba kuchinjwa iyo miti vachikura Deciduous dondo, tisingatauri nayo. Zvasvikira makumi mana metres yakakwirira uye rimwe nehafu metres dhayamita. Beech kuhukura chiedza kuchena, elliptical mashizha. chikuru kuparadzirwa munzvimbo - kumadokero Europe, kuCaucasus, muCrimea. Home ukoshi Beech kudondo zvibereko zvayo. Zvinovaka muviri nzungu ripen muna September-October. Ivo vanenge makumi matatu kubva muzana semidrying ine mafuta mafuta, zvakaenzana - kubva nitrogenous zvinhu. muchero anokosha zvakare akapfuma starch, shuga, acids (cucumber uye malic), tannins. Sezvineiwo, muchetura alkaloid akadana fagin ruchigona anoora kana roasting nzungu. Saka anova zvachose wakachengeteka nokuda utano hwevanhu. Nemichero chokubudisa kofi chinotsiva, muna muvhu chimiro, vari kuwedzera kuva kwakajairika furawa pakugadzirira bhekari zvigadzirwa. Beech huni akanaka uye hunogara decoration zvinhu.
5. Maple. Broad-leaved masango, iri European chikamu Russia uye Caucasus, vanoonekwa se zvakanaka achikura kwezvakatipoteredza aquifolium (zvakafanana) maples. Miti iyi vachikura maviri metres pakukwirira. mashizha makuru, rima mutema, pamwe lobes shanu. Kuhukura ruvara - pfumbu. Nhungirwa uye mashizha muti uyu dzinoshandiswa nevakawanda nekuda mishonga siyana zvirwere. Zvipo izvi hunhu ine yakawanda ascorbic acid, alkaloids, tannin. Decoctions uye infusions kurapa maronda, kuzvimba. Ivo chokubudisa choleretic, diuretic, akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona uye marwadzo kushanda. Vateveri yemakwenzi mushonga anoziva iyo miti Deciduous dondo hunonyanya anobatsira. Saka, Maple mashizha uye matavi vari pachii zvinobudirira Mabatirwo jaundice, itsvo mabwe, kubvisa svoto uye kurutsa.

nemiriwo

Dyarai miti Deciduous vanoonekwa ne makuru uye rakafara shizha kwamahwendefa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi vanodanwa shirokotraviem momuoki. Vamwe nemiriwo zvinobva chiitiko chimwe, havana zvinoumba kwegore risingapindiki mumatenhere. Zvisinei, vamwe, chimiro makapeti kufukidza nzvimbo huru ine mhando. nemiriwo akadaro zvakazara. Pakati pavo vane pasi mukuru, sedges uye mvere Zelenchuk tsvuku.

Most herbaceous zvirimwa kuti zviripo Deciduous mumasango, ari perennial. Vanorarama kusvika akawanda emakore. Kazhinji, kuvapo kwavo nekugadzirwa vegetative kupararira. Mbeu ivo rora havaratidzi. A maitiro kuchiitwa miti izvi - refu pevhu uye aboveground mabukira, kukura kwakasiyana-siyana uye vari kushingaira zvinofadza nyika itsva.

The zvemuchadenga zvikamu ruzhinji vamiririri oakwood kufa shure mumatsutso. Overwinter chete muvhu midzi uye rhizomes. Vakaronga Mafundo inokosha umo mapazi matsva anobudiswa mu yechirimo.

Kusara kuti mutemo

Vamiririri Rare shirokotravya kuramba mutema muchando uye chirimo. Zvirimwa izvi zvinosanganisira: Asarum, Zelenchuk, mvere petsanga.

nemiti

Kana marudzi awa kasvisto, masango dzavo Deciduous kusangana zvakaoma chaizvo. Vanongouya havasi yaingowanikwa pasimwa, asi kwete saka pamusoro coniferous masango, apo makwenzi kukura kwese. Yainyanya kushandiswa blueberries uye cranberries.

"Akakurumidza" ufare ephemeroids

zvirimwa ava nokuda vanamazvikokota kudzidza nemiti sango, kufarirwa mukurusa. Pakati pavo, vaduku celandine, buttercup anemon, Corydalis mhando dzakasiyana uye gagea. zvirimwa izvi kazhinji mupfupi, asi vari kukura nokukurumidza chaizvo. kukurumidza Ephemeroids kuzvarwa pakarepo mushure kunyangarika chando pakavha. Vamwe zvikuru frisky rostochku nzira yavo kunyange napakati chando. Pashure pavhiki, pane vakawanda vaviri, avo nemaruva zviri kare vachiita. Vhiki shomanana gare gare unouya ichiibvira emichero mbeu. The miti yekurara pasi, dzokai yero, ipapo kuti chikamu chazvo riri pamusoro pasi afa. Uyezve, iyi ndepana pakutanga kwenguva yezhizha, apo, zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, asi mamiriro ezvinhu kukura kupfuura zvakanaka. The chakavanzika nyore. In ephemeroids varidzi mutinhimira upenyu, vakasiyana mhando Graphics kugadzira zvimwe zvirimwa. Ivo anotumbuka kune zvizere ruva chete muchirimo uye chirimo nokuda - nguva kuora.

Most kusimudzira kukura nguva - mangwanani yechirimo. Panguva ino gore musango pane kunonyanyisa yakawanda chiedza, sezvo nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe havasati vawana gobvu munyoro butiro. Uyezve, munguva iyi ivhu yakazara mwando optimally. Kana mukuru tembiricha yokupisa, ephemeroids hakufaniri. zvirimwa zvose izvi perennial. Havafi pashure zvavo zvemuchadenga chikamu hwaoma. Kurarama pevhu Midzi akauya tubers, Mabumba kana rhizomes. mitumbi Ndivo repositories nezvinovaka muviri, kunyanya starch. Ndicho chikonzero madzinde, mashizha uye maruva kuoneka saka mangwanani uye kukura nokukurumidza zvakadaro.

Ephemeroids dzakazara Deciduous pomuouki dondo miti. Pamwe pane anenge gumi marudzi. maruva avo vari kupendwa inopenya dzepepuru, zvitema, yellow. Panguva maruva ephemeroids vanoumba gobvu yakanaka makapeti.

mosses

Russian masango yakafara-leaved muri nzvimbo akasiyana mhando mosses. Kusiyana boreal dondo umo zvinomera izvi vanoumba gobvu munyoro ivhu inofukidza pomuouki chikwindi yakafukidzwa ivhu kwete zvikuru. Basa mosses mu broadleaf mumasango rakanyatsojeka aizvininipisa. Chikonzero chikuru ndechokuti mashizha nemarara yomudondo broadleaf tigume zvirimwa izvi.

fauna of

Mhuka Russian yakafara-leaved masango - nayo ungulates, carnivores, insectivores, nemakonzo uye zviremwaremwa. Siyana zvikuru kuchengetwa munzvimbo idzi kuti vari isingatsiki munhu. Saka, mumasango yakafara-leaved, unogona kuona nondo, mhuka musii, wakagara nondo, sika uye tsvuku nondo, Elk. Yokuzviparadzanisa nezvikara chinomiririrwa makava, mhumhi, the marten, ermine uye weasels. masango Broad-leaved, miti nemhuka zvakazonaka iri akapfuma uye yakasiyana-siyana, vane kumusha beavers, squirrels, muskrats uye Nutria. Uyezve, nzvimbo idzi inogarwa mbeva, makonzo, moles, hedgehogs, shrews, nenyoka, madzvinyu uye murove nenjiva.

Shiri Deciduous masango - larks, finches, warblers, tits, flycatchers, Inomedza, starlings. Panewo kumusha makunguo, rooks, Grouse, woodpeckers, crossbill, jackdaws, Grouse. Shiri dzinodya nyama anomiririrwa hawks, mazizi, mazizi, zizi uye lunyami. Marshes - musha shorebirds, Cranes, herons, gulls, duck uye shiri.

Kare, masango yakafara-leaved vakanga ine bison. Zvino, zvinosuwisa, ndiko makumi shoma vanhu. Mhuka idzi vanodzivirirwa mutemo. Yavanogara Bialowieza Forest (Belarus), muna Oka Reserve Terras (Russian Federation), mune dzimwe nyika Western Europe uye muPoland. Mhuka dzakawanda dzakanga zvifambiswe kuna eCaucasus. Ikoko ikashandiswa pamwe bison.

Kuwanda nondo rave ndavhiyiwa kuchinja. Vakava zvishoma zvikuru nokuda pautsinye wemunhu. Muhombe kwemiti uye kurima minda kuva anokanganisa mhuka idzi dzakaisvonaka. Deer anogona kusvika mamita maviri pakureba uye matatu namakumi-mana kilogram uremu. Kunowanzosanganisira kurarama mapoka maduku anosvika gumi mhuka. Hukuru kazhinji kacho ari munhukadzi. Anogara naye nomwana wake.

Autumn dzimwe nguva vanhurume kuunganidza kuti revakadzi imwe mhando. Nowenyika kwehwamanda ichidzvova yavo vaita nhatu mana makiromita kumativi. Anobudirira zvikuru nondo, akakunda hondo vorongerwa ake anogona kuungana vakamupoteredza makumi maviri vanhukadzi. Saka akaumba rumwe rudzi nondo nemombe. Pakutanga mwaka yezhizha, nondo vanozvarwa vaduku. Vari akaberekwa achirema masere kusvika gumi nerimwe makirogiramu. mwedzi Up vatanhatu ndaona Kuwedzera. vanhurume egore wana nyanga.

Yenondo kudya uswa, mashizha madzinde nemiti, notumwe tupukanana lichens, nerutsanga, chinovava. Asi tsono nezvokudya zvavo hazvina kunaka zvachose. Musango nondo raramai anenge nemashanu. In pakutapwa, nhamba iyi zvichaparadzwa kaviri.

Beavers - kunyange vamwe vagari masango Deciduous. Zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ikoko vari Europe, North America uye Asia. Kufadza yakanyorwa kurema mhuka iyi - matatu makirogiramu uye muviri nokureba - mumwe mita. Bobrov chinosiyanisa hombe muviri uye flattened muswe. Webbing pakati minwe makumbo hadzi kubatsira kuchengeta mvura mararamiro. Mbava ruvara anogona anosiyana kubva chiedza Brown dema. Oiling ake bvudzi chairo chakavanzika, beavers vanodzivirirwa kuwana kunyorova. Kana mumvura munzeve mhuka wakawedzera wemhino yakavharwa. Mari mhepo kunwa kunomubatsira agare pasi mvura kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Beavers vanosarudza kugara pamhenderekedzo madhamu uye oxbow madhamu uye anononoka runoyerera nzizi. Vari nokukwezvwa zhinji kumahombekombe uye hwemvura zvinomera. Beavers Housing ndiyo buri kana kari yepakutanga, nomukova iri pasi mumvura pamusoro. Dam kuvakwa muna mhuka idzi kana mvura pamwero iri kugadzikana. Nemhaka zvivako izvi inodzorwa eko, vachibvumira kupinda mumba kubva mvura. Peregryzanie matavi uye kunyange miti guru beavers kupiwa nyore. Saka, Aspen mashanu nomwe masendimita ari dhayamita, kubatwa mhuka idzi mumaminitsi maviri. Dzavo kufarira chikafu - cane. Mukuwedzera, havana averse kudya Iris, mvura maruva, Potbelly. Beavers vanogara mumhuri. mhuka Young anoenda kunotsvaka peya mugore upenyu rechitatu.

Wild nguruve - mumwe zvinowanzoitika navagere masango Deciduous. Vane musoro chikuru uye simba kwazvo refu yakagadzirwa. The chombo kupfuura mhuka - unopinza mativi mazino kuti vakatsunga kumusoro uye namanhede. Vision ari musk hakuna kunaka kwazvo, asi izvi zvaizopedza ne zvakaisvonaka nokunzwa uye tiine pfungwa kunhuwidza. specimens Large tisvike huremu makirogiramu mazana matatu. muviri pemhuka kunodzivirirwa bristles shava. Iye ane simba kwazvo.

Musii - zvakaisvonaka kuvamhanyi vanoshambira. mhuka idzi kukunda simba kushambira dziva, wakafara makubhiti ane makiromita mashoma. Hwaro hwavo zvokudya ine zvinomera, asi tinogona kutaura kuti nguruve vari omnivores. Dzavo kufarira chikafu - acorns uye Beech nzungu, uye havazosiyi mapfumo pasi matatya, mbeva, mwana shiri, zvipembenene nenyoka.

Vamiririri nezvinokambaira

Deciduous masango inogarwa nemvumbi, muchatiza, copperhead, veretennitsami, girini uye nedzvinyu. Pakaoma kuti vanhu vanomiririra chete nyoka. Vanhu vazhinji, zvakakanganisika, kuti chete muchetura copperhead, asi hazvisi. Chinonyanya dzakawanda broadleaf masango goroondo - nyoka.

zvokuyamura zvinhu

The mapazi ose Deciduous masango (uye zvakasiyana) iri European chikamu Russia svoebrazny anoumba netriangle, mujinga riri kumadokero kumiganhu kwenyika, uye muromo hunogara muMakomo Ural. Sezvo nzvimbo iyi haina kamwe kuchizvivanza Continental chando munguva Quaternary nguva, ayo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho zvikurukuru nemumakomo. Zviratidzo kupfuura pachena kuvapo Valdai rechando rakapona iri kuchamhembe-kumadokero. Pane mapazi ose Deciduous uye vakavhengana masango kunoratidzwa runobva mirwi zvikomo, pamawere anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, akadzivira madhamu uye nembiya. Southern chikamu akatsanangura nharaunda aimiririra yechipiri moraine mapani izvo kuumbwa nokuda rutapudzo ari vachida pamusoro nemumakomo nzvimbo. Relief vakavhengana uye broadleaf dondo inozivikanwa nokuvapo jecha dzakasiyana kukura kumapani. mavambo kwavo - mvura-glacial. Vane waviness, anogona dzimwe nguva kuwanikwa iziviswe jecha Dunes.

Coniferous-Deciduous masango yeRussian Plain

mapazi ichi riri mune okunze wongoramba. Okunze achiri munyoro uye nyorovera. Ivhu nzvimbo idzi pevhu-podzolic. The napedyo of Atlantic Ocean akatungamirira kuti kwakaita nzvimbo yacho. The rwizi samambure ari coniferous uye Deciduous masango kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka. Reservoirs dzinoratidzwa nzvimbo yakakura.

Basa akaita eutrophication kwacho napedyo pasi uye nyorovera okunze. Hune ari uswa butiro zvinomera yakafarikana shizha mashizha.

mhedziso

Broad-leaved masango munharaunda Europe, dziri sezvo zvinhu zvipenyu panjodzi. Uye pashure maviri kana matatu emakore apfuura, vakanga zvikuru siyana panyika uye iri zvakawanda Europe. Saka, muna nemitanhatu-nemasere emakore vakagara imwe nharaunda mamiriyoni anoverengeka hectares ose. Nhasi, havasi vanopfuura zviuru zana hectares.

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore asina kumbokuvadzwa vaiva zvimedu kare zvikuru broadleaved bhandi chete. Pakutanga kwezana rino remakore pamusoro chinhu nzvimbo vakaedza kukura yemiouki. Zvisinei, izvi zvakaratidza kuva zvakaoma: rufu muduku Dubrov yemiorivhi yakanga vakaumbwa kugara kwemvura. Nepo ongororo yave ichiitwa, izvo zvakaita akakurumbira Russian geographer Dokuchaev. Somugumisiro, zvakanzi vakawana kuti kukundikana kuti miti itsva zvinobatana pamwero mukuru kuparadza masango, sezvo nokusingaperi achinja hydrological hurumende uye dzinotaurwa ndima.

Pari, munzvimbo kare inogarwa Deciduous masango, yechipiri masango kukura, uyewo chakagadzirwa rabha. Zvinomukunda Conifers. Zvinosuruvarisa senyanzvi cherechedza, simba rinomutsa uye mamiriro rwokuzvarwa pomuouki masango hazvigoni akapora.