Bird - mhuka kana kwete? kirasi Birds

Kazhinji munhu anogona kunzwa mubvunzo: shiri - vari mhuka kana kuti kwete? Pashure pokuongorora zvose zvaidiwa marongerwo uye kushanda vekirasi iyi, unogona nechivimbo mundipindure.

General unhu

Kirasi Birds zvinosanganisira 9.000 marudzi, zvikabatanidzwa zvinotevera superorders: ratites, kana kumhanya (mhou, kiwis), PENGUIN, kana akayangarara (Penguin Imperial, spectacled, Magellan, Galapagos, Crested, uye vamwe), keel, kana kubhururuka (huku, njiva, shiri duku , rarira nevamwe).

Shiri ari mamiriro zvakafanana avo nezvinokambaira uye zvinomirira mberi bazi, iro akakwanisa kuchinja kuti kutiza. Makumbo avo pamberi mukufamba shanduka tinoshandurirwa mapapiro. Bird dzinoratidzwa kugara muviri tembiricha, yo dzakakwirira vertebrates, saka, shiri - kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhuka. Ichi mhinduro yokutanga kusvika mubvunzo "Bird -? Mhuka kana kwete".

Mabviro shiri anodiwa zvinokambaira yekare pseudosuchian ane yakafanana Urongwa hadzi maoko nemakumbo.

Muviri uye ganda

Shiri muviri ane streamlined chimiro ine musoro diki uye refu mutsipa Mobile. The hunde rinoguma muswe.

The ganda chitete, yakaoma uye akapotsa kuine mumasero. Chete vashoma shiri (waterfowl) zvine mafuta shwanu, kunobereka mafuta-kufanana chakavanzika nemvura-dzinga ehupfumi. Horny inotungamirwa (nomukaka Epiderme e) vakanga zvemapuranga muromo nenzara flakes minwe uye akazadza nenyere (nechepazasi gumbo). Minhenga tiri zvinobva ganda. Ivo vanokamurwa muzvikwata zviviri: gandiwa uye pasi. Contoured, akavapindurawo, vari chega (ndege kuzvidzora), Makhov (kuramba shiri mumhepo) uye opaque (riri pamusoro muviri). Pasi rehurukuro vari pasi minhenga. Vanobatsira kuramba kupisa muviri. Panguva molting minhenga vakura kuwa chose, uye vatsva kukura panzvimbo yavo.

Marangwanda uye tsandanyama hurongwa

In shiri marangwanda kunonyanya nesimba uye nyore nokuda pfupa mhango izere mhepo. Inoitwa zvinotevera zvikamu zvinoti: remuromo uye thoracal, lumbar uye sacral uye caudal. Chaizvo zviri chinjwa remuromo nomuzongoza nokuda muzvizhinji pamusoro vertebrae. The thoracal vertebrae vari fused uye zvakasimba bere mbabvu movably chokuita kuti sternum uye rumbabvu keji emagetsi. Nokuti kuda kuti tsandanyama, zvichiita mapapiro kufamba, pamusoro sternum pane fungidziro - the keel. Somugumisiro Fusion pamusoro lumbar uye sacral uye caudal vertebrae zvishomanana pakati pachavo uye pamwechete namafupa pelvic aumba sacrum kushumira veshure makumbo rutsigiro.

The tsandanyama Hurongwa kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka shiri. Zvichienderana kukwanisa kubhururuka imwe kukura rinosvika imwe dhipatimendi. In dzinobhururuka zvakanaka, zvakanaka dzakabudirira tsandanyama kuti kufambisa mapapiro, uye vaya vakafirwa kugona ichi - tsandanyama pakati hadzi yayo uye mutsipa.

Zvomudumbu uye excretory nehurongwa

The zvomudumbu Hurongwa kunoratidzwa kusavapo kwemeno. Nokuti kunzwisisa uye vachibatirira chikafu wakashandiswa horny muromo anofukidza shaya. Oral chikafu anopinda huro, uye pashure pacho - a yegurokuro refu, iyo ine muhomwe-akawedzera (goiter) kupfavisa nayo. Rwemberi kuguma yegurokuro chinotanga mudumbu, iyo muzvikamu zviviri, kuti glandular uye tsandanyama (apo zvokudya rinopfuura zvokuimba nokugeda). The ura kuchibva duodenum, apo ducts pamusoro pechiropa, uye rwatata, uyewo dzakaonda uye pfupi mugaranhoko, tichipedzisira cesspool. mamiriro kwakadaro kunoita nokukurumidza kubviswa residual undigested kunze.

The nhengo vakasarudzwa dzinobvumirwa aiwanzopiwa wokushanda itsvo ureters, izvo kuzarura kupinda cloaca. Kubva weti kwake mutsvina yadzo asunungurwa kuti kunze.

kufema maitiro

Respiratoria shiri maximally kujairana yokutizira. Kuburikidza nasal mhango mhepo anopinda pharynx uye trachea, riri mubhokisi rakakamurwa principales maviri. Heino bhokisi izwi. Kamwe mumapapu, ari principales bazi zvakasimba. Mapapu pachavo vane kunzwisisa marongerwo uye panofanira vakawanda kuburikidza-sepombi. Vamwe vavo vari kuwedzera, achiumba mhepo muhomwe, izvo riri pakati zvomukati, tsandanyama, uye mapfupa refu. Shiri vanowanzotevedzera nekaviri mweya. Izvi imhaka yokuti mu-ndege mhepo inopfuura kaviri kuburikidza mumapapu: rwomwana mu nevanga bapiro rayo uye vabudiswa panguva richikwidibira nokuda compression yacho muhomwe.

tsinga

Sangano tsinga iri shiri rakanyatsojeka kunzwisisa uye akafanana dzakakwirira vertebrates. Izvi zvakare anopa mhinduro yakajeka kuti mubvunzo "Bird -? Mhuka kana kwete" The hurongwa ine mapoka maviri: uropi uye musana. Musoro Muchikamu kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka cerebellum ndiye anokonzera kufambisa nemafambiro, uyewo hemisphere mberi uye midbrain, basa dzakaoma maitiro. The musana iri kupfuura ava fudzi, lumbar uye sacral, izvo zvinopa zvakanaka motokari mabasa. Izvi zvinhu kutipawo mhinduro yakajeka kutsigira wokuti "Bird -? Mhuka kana kwete"

The unhu kweshiri kwakavakirwa isiyo (vachiberekwa) hunenge: muviri, kubereka, nesting, zai kuripisa, kudanana, muchiimba. Kusiyana kirasi nezvinokambaira ivo ingangoumbwa uye yakasimbiswa zvimiso (vawana panguva upenyu) hunenge, izvo zvinopupurira soro dariro ravo-shanduka. Mumwe muenzaniso vakaumbwa hunenge vanogona kuva chokwadi kwavo kubudirira mukukurira womunhu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti shiri - dzinovaraidza kuti zviri nyore kuti gadziridza maitiro avo uye nzira youpenyu pazvikara (zvakasikwa) dzakadai nemagariro (musha).

kweropa maitiro

Mitumbi kweropa nyika shiri, kufanana vakawanda yepamusoro vertebrates, aimiririra zvina chambered mwoyo zvinosanganisira atrial (2) uye ventricles (2), uyewo midziyo ropa. ropa ravo yakakamurwa kupinda venous uye arterial zvachose. Ndezvemhuri mbiri kuparadzirwa (zviduku).

kubereka

Shiri - dioecious nemhuka kunzwisisa uye dzakabudirira zvikuru gadziriro kuberekesana maitiro, ruminant vachishandisa mazai uye arichengete.

Zvose pamusoro -end nokurondedzerwa anopa mhinduro chaiwo wokuti "Bird - nemhuka kana kwete?" Chokwadi, shiri dziri mhuka.