Atomic Lake Chagan, Kazakhstan: tsananguro, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Pane vari Kazakhstan zvinoshamisa mudziva apo pasi sezvinoita yanyungudiswa girazi. Mvura anenge dema. Carp kuti kurarama mairi, hwakura kuti meter, uye dzimwe hove zvinoshamisa uye zvinotyisa. Izvi Atom-kol, Chagan Lake muna Semipalatinsk mudunhu. Ruzivo vanhu vari kuedza yokunzvenga nebato. Vaya pano netsaona, akashamisa kwakavanzika runako munzvimbo ino.

chishamiso yakaitwa

Chagan Lake muKazakhstan - mabasa emaoko reSoviet masayendisiti renyukireya. Vari inopiwa Vanosarudzwa kuputika yenyukireya kusika chakagadzirwa reservoirs kuchengetera mvura dzisinganayi munharaunda. Sezvo kwakarongwa masayendisiti muCentral Asia vanofanira kuonekwa kanenge mana madziva izvi. Saka zvakanzi yakaronga kugadzirisa dambudziko kwezhizha kwemvura uye optimize kurima iri Kazakh steppes. Saka pakanga Chagan, ane vanokwanisa iri mamiriyoni 20 cubic metres. M mvura.

Time chikuru kubudirira

MuSoviet Union masayendisiti vari kugadzira chinzvimbo mabasa ari kushandisa renyukireya chinangwa chokuunza runyararo. The yakanakisisa pfungwa kunge mutsimba kusikwa zvikepe, ndege uye kunyange motokari injini kuti vaizoita basa somugumisiro zvenyukireya siyana. Kuziva incredible simba mabhomba simba, vakasarudza kushandisa iri rakakura simba paakapa hova, tunnels uye reservoirs kuunganidza hombe yakawanda mvura.

yefizikisi nechido aiziva vachabata denga. Chirongwa akanzi "maatomu Norugare". Vakatevera zvesayenzi nebudiriro nemigumisiro kuti zvakatipoteredza uye utano rwacho haana kufunga. Impact okuvaka Mhandara Ivhu Upturned wakafukidza yose Union. Vakapedzwa anezvimiti, nzizi, akadzoka, uye madhamu itsva yakaumbwa nokuda kwomurume kwavo akaronga munzvimbo. Yaiva nguva apo vanhu havana kumirira nyasha zvakasikwa. Zvino ari kubhadhara nekuzvikudza.

kuputika kwokutanga

Mune USSR, kuti bhizimisi racho kuputika wokutanga kunze January 15, 1965 pamusoro munharaunda Semipalatinsk nharaunda. Panguva iyoyo paiva landfill, iyo akaita kuidzwa zvombo zvenyukireya. kure nemaguta makuru ari steppes of Kazakhstan akasarudzwa kuti kuedza.

Sezvo kwakarongwa masayendisiti ari kuputika akanga aumba hofori fanera, uye nechepasi kumucheto zvinofanira oplavitsya pakupisa kwezuva. Kubva tangi ichi mvura seep muvhu haangagari, uye vanhu veko vachakwanisa kurishandisa kudiridza zvipfuwo uye yokudiridza minda dzakapoteredza.

Munzvimbo pamubhedha karukova Chagan, nokuomesa muzhizha, akaberekwa rinotungamirirwa kwebhosvo. Basa akatungamirirwa musayendisiti yenyukireya Ivan Turchin.

kuputika simba

Ari tsime №1004 panzvimbo "Balapan" iri floodplain ane rwizi duku Chaganka wakaradzikwa chinhu putika mudziyo ari kudzika 178 metres. The oparesheni yakanzi yaizotongwa January 15, 1965 At maawa 5 maminitsi 59 59 masekonzi GMT mangwanani runyararo yakatyoka ne nzeve kuputika. Mukati 2.5 masekonzi hwakanyorwa gore inotungamirwa inopisa magasi. Mushure maminitsi 5 yakasvika mumwe kukwirira 4800 m. The mhepo yakanga vabudiswa 10.3 Mill. T ivhu kuti kukwirira 950 m. Multiton matombo vakapararira mukati nharaunda anoverengeka dhazeni makiromita. rwizi mubhedha akarwiswa.

On nzvimbo kuputika vakasiya hofori mwena pamwe fused kumicheto. dhayamita racho 430 m, kudzika M kupfuura 100. In diaries ake Turchin akanyora kuti vakanaka pamberi aisafanira kurinda.

Heavy basa bhomba

The putika mudziyo unoshandiswa pakusikwa chinhu akadai mabhomba CHagan nyanza, simba raiva 170 kilotons. Enzanisa zvakanzi paHiroshima bhomba inokwana 20 kilotons. simba zvose izvi aiva cylindrical mugaba ane dhayamita 86 masendimita uye kureba mamita 3!

nyanza

Muchirimo pamusoro nzvimbo kuputika yakasvika unyanzvi iyo chokuita rivulet pamwe gungwa itsva. Masayendisiti vanonyatsoziva kuti mafashamo mvura inogona kutakura kure muna Irtysh radioactive neguruva yose uye nokudaro kukanganisa yose Siberian nharaunda. Sezvo nemimba nemasayendisiti mvura zvose zvinofanira kusangana mu Lake Chagan. Nokuti izvi rikatsatikira mai, izvo haana kubvumira mvura kurwizi Irtysh.

Spring mwena akazadzwa uchanyangadika mvura, asi ane hazvizivi dziva achidiridzira haana kushanda - the nemwaranzi pamwero akapfuudza wokuyera kane chiuru.

Chagan Lake muKazakhstan ariko nhasi. River Chaganka akaita kosi idzva, tichidzivisa chinouraya musungo. Vagari pedyo nemisha divi yokunzvenga nzvimbo inotyisa, asi vafudzi vachiri kudzinga nemombe vanwe. Mushure zvose, kumwe.

The nharaunda chirwere

Nokufema, iyo yakaumbwa mushure mudziva yenyukireya Chagan, Radioactive makanga ndima maiva 11 misha ine vanhu vanhu vanenge 2000.

Day pashure nemwaranzi bvunzo vakapfuura 30 p / h, uye 10 mamazuva yakasvika 1 p / h. Pakuyera akaita panguva ino, kuratidza 2000-3000 Mr / h, pasinei nokuti vamwe padanho nemwaranzi ndiyo 15-30 Mr / h.

rokuvaka Canal 182 vanhu vakanga vabva dzakasiyana dzenyika Union. Pasinei matanho akatorwa (Excavator kabhini akanga akafukidzwa kutungamirira), nemwaranzi akaita kukuru kukuvara utano majaya utano. Vose vakapiwa guru mishonga nemwaranzi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akapedza yavo yokushanda kuizunguza zvikuru vakaremara. Kwemakore anoverengeka, ruzhinji vavo vakafa kubva nemwaranzi kurwara nezvimwe zvirwere.

Kana makore mazhinji akazoratidza kopi liquidators geoskhemy, dzakanga aionekwa kuputika Data nyanzvi geoecology E. Yakovlev, akaona kuti zvakanga zvakawanda zvinotyisa kupfuura paChernobyl.

Lake nyaya

Kana muna 1966, mauto uye liquidators vakasiya yekuratidza, apo paiva kuputika pevhu yenyukireya, Chagan Lake akava nzvimbo kutsvakurudza zvipenyu. Sezvo mugumisiro nemwaranzi pamusoro zvipenyu achiri havaratidzi kunzwisiswa, zvipenyu aiitisa kuedza, pakugadzirisa zvenyukireya madhamu-siyana kwemarudzi ose kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Kazhinji, atypical kuti nharaunda iyi. Panguva chaivo chiteshi Atom Kohl zvakabudiswa nemwaranzi dzokupisa kwakaita zvipenyu. Gungwa Chagan 36 mhando hove kunge yakatanga, ramakagadzwa paiva kunyange piranhas kubva Amazon, 27 mhando molluscs, mhando 42 invertebrates, 32 mhando amphibians, 8 mhuka, 11 nezvinokambaira. Uyezve, kuedza rwaiitwa 150 emaruva zvinomera, vakawanda vacho Seaweed.

90% akasuma shiri vakafa nokuda nemwaranzi yakakwirira siyana uye mamiriro kujairika zvakatipoteredza. The kunotouraya yasara akaziva kuti kuchinja chitarisiko revana uye mudzi kuchinja maitiro. Saka, kabhu, izvo pasi zvakajairika ezvinhu vari hove herbivorous, akanyorwa mune mabhomba mudziva CHagan (Kazakhstan) vakava vanoshingaira nezvikara. Pano vanokura vanenge mita. Asi kudya kwavo hakusi inokurudzirwa.

A zvinoitika crayfish kukura penyanza kwakafanana yero Lobster. In zvepanyama ezvinhu kwakaitika kuyambuka siyana zvipenyu, randakapiwa vanosvika vana. Dzimwe mhuka kunge mutated kuitira kuti zvizvarwa zvavo havana kufanana kumadzitateguru kana kuti mumwe.

Masayendisiti akacherechedza hove kunyange herbivorous mune zvinhu nemwaranzi kuti vakava nezvikara. Muna 1974, kutsvakurudza yemapurisa yakavharwa.

zvakafanana zvinhu

Chagan Lake - ane ungira kuti Soviet zvenyukireya nemiedzo. Pashure utungamiriri hwake dzidzo akaramba kubva kudzokororwa zvakafanana kuedza. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga vakaronga kusikwa rose richikurukura zvakafanana reservoirs. Asi kuedza haasi oga munyika. Mune US, Nevada ane mwena Sedan, iro rakaumbwa somugumisiro kuputika.

Asi masayendisiti veSoviet vakakwanisa nekuwedzera kushandisika nesimba kuputika uye kuderedza nezvakwakaipira ekushandiswa zvakatipoteredza. Kunyange zvazvo kunyange "kubudirira" izvi kwakakonzerwa kukuru kuvadza nharaunda.

Chagan nhasi

Zvino muganhu Semipalatinsk polgona, kusanganisira Chagan Lake, pachikwata nzvimbo zvakanyanya kukanganiswa nemiedzo zvenyukireya. Radioactive kusvibiswa kwemvura 300 picocuries / L (nenguva yaanoda - 15 picocuries / l). mvura iyi haisi akakodzera kunwa uye kudiridza. Asi vafudzi kukonzera kudiridzirwa zvipfuwo. Level kenza uye masero zvirwere munzvimbo kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura ari pedyo.

Hove rakabatwa mudziva Chagan, kudya haisi inokurudzirwa. Asi akangwara vanamuzvinabhizimisi kutengeswa Semipalatinsk hofori kabhu vatengi vakanga achipfuura uye havana kuziva anoshamisa madhamu.

Masvomhu masayendisiti hachina. Izvi nyanza nemvura akafa, papera kunyange hafu yezana remakore, hazvina akakodzera kuti upenyu hwevanhu. Uyai vashanyi pano kutaura pamusoro nebudiriro renyukireya michina iri USSR.