Arthropod nemhuka bilateral symmetry muviri: rondedzero, unhu

Vanenge zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu kwemarudzi panyika arthropods. Yavanogara yakachena uye munyu nemvura, pevhu uye pamusoro wayo pechiso, uye vazhinji vavo vanokwanisa kufamba nomumhepo. Chii chinoratidzwa arthropods? Mienzaniso yemhuka, tsanangudzo kwavo uye zvaidiwa mamiriro uchawana munyaya ino.

Ndivanaani arthropods?

Arthropods - ndeimwe vakawanda uye dzakasiyana mapoka ari mhuka umambo. Izvi zvinosanganisira anenge mamiriyoni maviri marudzi. nhamba yavo iri kuwedzera ose gore nokuda kuwanikwa itsva kwemarudzi.

In arthropods Pamazita rinosanganisira crustaceans, arachnids, zvipembenene centipedes. Ivo vanogara vose okunze munyika dzine yepasi, kubva inopisa dzinopisa, kusvikira kumatunhu kweArctic uye Antarctic. Vamiririri boka iri kugara murenje, mumasango, anezvimiti, madziva nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu. Vamwe vavo vakasununguka uye mudzimba vanhu.

Sezvo arthropods kurarama anenge runyararo zvose uye kumatunhu yedu, chitarisiko chavo uye kuchinjira kumamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu akasiyana chaizvo. hukuru hwavo siyana millimeters kusvika mamita anoverengeka. Nzira zvokudya uyewo zvinosiyana zvikuru. Dzimwe dziri chete dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya, vamwe, nekusiyana, herbivorous. Vanogona kunge tupukanana necrophagia (scavengers) kana filtrates.

Chii chinoremedza arthropod?

Ivo chaizvo kuti mubvunzo unomuka: seiko Vakatsunga zvakafanana boka? Kutaura zvazviri, arthropods uye mhuka zvakafanana. muviri wavo uye makumbo vari segmented uye akakamurwa madhipatimendi (Tagme), kana zvikamu. Nei zita uye.

In zhinji mhando musoro uye madhipatimendi vanoverengeka akabatanidza kupinda mumwe, achiumba cephalothorax. The Mbabvu vawedzere apasi kurutivi mudumbu kana cephalothorax. Ivo fema nomumapapu, trachea kana gills. The kweropa Hurongwa haisi yakavharwa uye zvinopinda muviri mhango. Ivo bereka kuisa mazai, kana caviar. Mazana vanowanzoda neemazuva vakura.

Arthropods - nemhuka bilateral symmetry. Externally, kurudyi uye rworuboshwe sezvikamu mitumbi yavo kutarira chete. Vose vane kwokunze marangwanda. Zviri mutete asi simba cuticle kuti chitin. Haadi kutambanudzira, saka pamwe kukura mhuka resets kuti zvikure itsva. Izvi zvinonzi moult.

millipedes

Zvichida chimwe chezvinhu zvinoitika kuti munhu mapoka mhuka arthropod - centipedes. Izvi zvinosanganisira-siyana centipedes, zvakajairika flycatcher, drupes, millipede, uye zvichingodaro. D. Kazhinji, vane diki (kusvika 10 cm), asi vamwe marudzi akure kusvika 35 masendimita pakureba.

zita ravo zvizere wakarurama, nekuti panguva millipedes dzimwe nguva kusvika mazana maviri yegwara maoko nemakumbo. Vanosarudza nyorova nzvimbo uye vanogara mumasango pasi nemakwati miti, pasi chikwindi, matombo uye matavi wawa, asi anogona kurarama yakaoma, dzisinganayi nzvimbo. Kwezva navo uye zvimbudzi nemafurati.

Masikati mhuka vari akavanda nooks uye usiku kubuda kunovhima. Millipedes - nezvikara. Vanodya nhunzi, mapete, madandaude, inda nedzimwe mhuka duku. Achiona ngozi, vari kuparara munyika mhete, uye pamusoro musana mumasero secrete chepfu kana dzinga kuti vavengi zvinhu: ayodhini, quinone uye hydrocyanic acid. Vanhu nezvipfuwo uturu yavo haisi ngozi, kana asina sema, ndiko chete zvishomanana akatsvuka anoramba kubva nokuruma.

Arachnids

Arachnids kirasi rinofukidza kwete chete madandaude, asiwo nezvikwekwe solpug, nezvinyavada, zhgutikonogov, pseudoscorpions uye t. D. Most nhengo dzayo vanogara panyika, kunyange zvazvo mamwe marudzi madandaude uye mites kurarama mumiviri mvura. Ndivo mune zvose kumatunhu enyika kunze Antarctica. Nezvinyavada anogara munzvimbo ine noushamwari kana inopisa. Vamwe madandaude uye mites kurarama kunyange polar uye subpolar kumatunhu.

Kukura dandemutande kusvika mazana microns (zvimwe mites) kusvika 20-30 masendimita (nezvinyavada, solpugi, tarantulas). muviri wavo rakakamurwa cephalothorax uye dumbu. Ivo dzinoratidzwa nokuvapo nogoschupalets (pedipal), nemumuromo shaya (chelicerae) uye mana yegwara makumbo.

Panguva nezvinyavada chikamu chechipiri muviri elongated uye chakafanana muswe. Pakupera kwe "muswe" iri diki chidimbu kubva tsono. It inongorira zvine chepfu. pedipaly dzavo awanda uye kutamba basa nenzara kunombata zvakatapwa.

Just kusvetuka dandemutande, uye mamwe mites uchidzidza miti. The vamwe dandemutande - nezvikara. Vanodya zvipembenene mhuka duku. Vamwe abate mhuka yavo, chiri naye, vamwe kuvaka misungo muchimiro web.

Ivo remadza kuruma makuhwa saka anenge zvose zvinokuvadza. Havasi chepfu vose simba zvokugona kukanganisa vanhu. Ngozi ikaruma chirikadzi vatema, argiop, tarantulas, madandaude Six-jecha.

zvipembenene

Tupukanana - kirasi kupfuura yakawanda arthropods, mhuka ine bilateral muviri symmetry. Zarura mhando anopfuura miriyoni imwe. Ndiwo ose zvipembenene uye kungozvifunga, nhunzi, masvosve, mujuru, mapete, moths, mhashu, uye zvichingodaro. D.

The chikuru chinoratidza rezvipembenene vakawanda zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhuka arthropod ndiko kugona kubhururuka. Dragonflies uye vamwe nhunzi ukurumidze kusvika mamita 15 pasekondi yoga yoga. Avo Zvipembenene kuti mapapiro havasi kumhanya kumativi kana kusvetuka kutama (inda, mhashu).

Vanorarama munharaunda dzakasiyana zvachose, kunyange mumvura. Vamwe vanogara ipapo zvose hwake (Diving zvipembenene, whirligig zvipembenene, notupukanana, mvura striders), vamwe - chete mumwe nguva kukura (dragonflies, caddisflies, pennywort). Avo nemakumbo vari dzakachinjwa kuti kubvumira mhuka kuti takasununguka Vaiisa achitevedza pemvura.

Tupukanana vanogara singly kana mumapoka. Vakaguta zvose chirimwa uye mhuka zvokudya, zvinenge akafa uye mhuka tsvina anoramba. Uchitsvaka zvokudya wakurira mazana makiromita pazuva (mhashu).

Dzirarame dzinogona kubatanidzwa mumapoka makuru, iyo inoshanda ine vakuru zvakajeka uye weboka mabasa. Somuenzaniso, kugara masvosve, nyuchi, mujuru, nyuchi.

crustaceans

crustaceans Group anofukidza zvinopfuura 70 000 marudzi, pakati izvo pane crayfish, magakanje, shrimps, lobsters uye dzimwe mhuka. Vazhinji vavo vagere yakachena uye munyu mvura. Woodlice uye vamwe magakanje vanosarudza nyoro nzvimbo munyika.

crustaceans All vane mbiri mbiri tunonzwa (kanyanga uye antennule) uye avo nemakumbo pamusoro bifurcated miromo. Ivo fema runonyanya gills. Vamwe vamiririri gasi mukutsinhana kunoitika mhiri pechiso muviri. Barnacles uye gungwa acorns vari immobile mararamiro, vari kuda yamatombo, matombo nezvimwe hukawanika.

By hunhu simba, crustaceans zhinji - filtrates. Vanodya zvinenge zviduku, zvakadai plankton, detritus. Uyezve, vachidya mhuka akafa, achibvisa madziva. Dzemugungwa pachavo vari zvokudya hove uye hwemvura mhuka.

uyewo Man anodzishandisa zvokudya. Munyika rakamiswa pedyo negungwa, dzemugungwa kutora guru mugove fishery. A barnacle ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu zvinodhura zvoumbozha munyika.