Architecture of Moscow Kremlin. Nhoroondo chokusika uye rondedzero Moscow Kremlin

Architecture of Moscow Kremlin anobvumira kuti kuwana mufananidzo wakakwana sei pakutanga Center rakavakwa guru Russian. Mapurani Ensemble zvinosanganisira temberi, plazas, makamuri chivakwa. Nhasi, vose zvisakamboonekwa tora Kutarira vanouya vashanyi uye vashanyi vanobva zvose pamusoro kuRussia uye kubva kunze kwenyika.

Kremlin Construction

Architecture of Moscow Kremlin yakaumbwa pakupera yacho XV remakore. shongwe Main namasvingo dzakavakwa mumakore 1485-1495. raishandiswa Red chidhinha, uye ibwe jena uye dhaka. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vanatenzi vemo vakanga vasina kukwanisa basa rakadaro. Saka, taikoka nyanzvi dzavatorwa. Ivan III kambani pakuvaka Moscow Kremlin ezvivako vachibva kuItaly.

Zvisinei, vamwe shongwe akavaka pashure zvose vatenzi kuRussia. Chokwadi ichocho yavo nowenyika ari maitiro emapuranga muzvivako. Sezvo zvinozivikanwa, apo unyanzvi kuveza muRussia asvika ayo akakwana, akabatsira pachake-chinja zvinhu, uye basa riri kuramba zvinodiwa, sezvo nguva nenguva moto makuru akaparadza vose zvivakwa. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, kuvakwa Moscow Kremlin ibwe yaishandiswa.

kubvuma Cathedral

Chimwe chikuru zvivako mapurani Ensemble - nokufungidzira Cathedral. Zvakange kuvakwa panzvimbo yacho ibwe pamusoro Cathedral muMoscow, yakavakwa Ivanom Kalitoy rokutanga yezana XIV remakore rokutanga. Architecture Moscow Kremlin rinorondedzera mamiriro ichi munzira dzakawanda.

Cathedral akatanga kuvaka 1475. Nokuti mharidzo wakatora chivako chakadaro echitendero Vladimir XII remakore. Saka, kamwe zvakare akasimbisa Moscow chamazuva noruremekedzo kuna Vladimir, izvo kare yainzi rimwe chikuru maguta kuRussia.

Mumakore akatevera 400 makore yakanga kereke chikuru Russia. Zvinonzi korona mambo vatongi. Kuzarurwa chikuru riri kubva Cathedral nzvimbo. Wokupinda temberi huru yaJehovha Moscow Kremlin sokunge anorinda huru Mikaeri, munhu riri kuratidzwa pamusoro kwedenga. Vachiri pamusoro neMhandara uye Child.

The iconostasis, izvo nhasi tinogona kuona kubvuma Cathedral, akapedza Painters Utatu Lavra yeSt Segiyo ari pakati XVII remakore.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II makore 1812 pakuvaka Moscow Kremlin vakanga pasi kuzopamba uye kuparadza. Ndaiva asingasiyi uye Cathedral. Part of chakapambwa kubva French uye ipapo recaptured ari Cossacks Russian.

Cathedral of Annunciation

Architecture Moscow Kremlin hazvigoni kufungwa pasina Cathedral of Annunciation. Riri kumaodzanyemba-dzokumadokero chikamu Cathedral Square. It rakavakwa mukupera XV remakore. Basa rinoitwa muPskov vanatenzi.

Paitonga Ivana Groznogo akanga dzakabatanidzwa berere rurefu neberere ibwe jena.

temberi iyi Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa tsika mangwanani Moscow mapurani. Nhasi, murals kufarira kukuru ndiko Cathedral, yakabuda pakutanga ari XVI remakore. The chikuru pahwaro Artel vemifananidzo, izvo zvakakonzera Theodosius uye mwanakomana wake Dhionisio. nyaya zhinji pamusoro musoro Apocalypse. Unogonawo kusangana uye vavariro enyika. Somuenzaniso, machinda Russian uye Byzantine vatongi.

uriri Anowanikwa ari Church. inokosha vake vakaisa usina kukonekita agatovidnoy anokosha nejasipa.

Church of Ngirozi Huru

Izvi Cathedral iri pamadziro Moscow Kremlin akazviratidza pakutanga ari XVI remakore. It akavaka aishanya mapurani Italian Aloísio idzva. Zvisinei, iye akatevera tsika Russian mapurani. Zviri Italian Renaissance vanoonekwa chete vapfumi kushongedzwa temberi.

kuvaka Its akanga akatakurwa pamusoro nzvimbo imwe church yekare kwakaita kuti Ivan Kalita amisa ari XIV remakore, pakuyeuka nokununurwa guta guru idenda nenzara. Rakanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara nekuda tightness, chichisunungura nzvimbo chechi kupfuura yakafarikana.

Cathedral korona domes shanu. Central gilded, uye kurutivi chete dzakapendwa sirivha pendi. In manyorero rokuItari Renaissance, akagadzirwa chena ibwe rakavezwa nezvikumbaridzo.

Panguva Napoleon vaigara guru waini yokuchengetera zvinhu raiva pano. Paaritari, kuti French kufanorongwa kicheni, uye zvose zvinokosha vakapamba.

Church of Deposition yejasi

Chinoshamisawo chechi duku, yakavakwa mhizha Russian mukupera XV remakore. Iye akaonekwa nzvimbo imwe chechi yemapuranga Deposition of Nguo yakare, iyo yakavakwa mushure Tartars ichidzokera kubva Moscow.

Muna 1451 vakapinda pedyo neguta, asi haana kumuuraya, uye payakaserera, vachisiya chakapambwa. The Orthodox Church akapa nechitendero, muchitenda kuti chishamiso. Kutaura zvazviri, Tatars ichidzokera nokuda enyika kusiyana pakati kwavatungamiriri vakuru vehondo.

chechi The itsva zvakakomba nomoto muna 1737. It Akadzosera akitekiti Michurin.

zvombo

Chamber of Moscow Kremlin nhasi vari kufarira zvikuru vashanyi. Wokutanga kutaurwa pamusoro tsika dziri pari mu yeZvombo anogona kuwanikwa muna 1339. Kunyange nguva Ivana Kality paumbwe dzoumambo pfuma. Pakati pavo paiva zvishongo, tableware, Ecclesiastical midziyo, mbatya dzinodhura uye nezvombo.

Pakupera ari XV remakore, riri rimwe nzvimbo Russian unyanzvi uye ounyanzvi. Uyewo pano takarerwa zvipo kubva kune dzimwe nevamiririri venyika. Maparera, mbiya dzesirivha, pakuzvichenesa bhiza joko.

By 1485 ari Treasury rakura zvokuti kwakasarudzwa kuvaka yoga-nyaya mbiri ibwe chivakwa pakati Annunciation uye Cathedral Ngirozi Huru. Rakanzi pamutemo chivanze.

Faceted Chamber

Faceted Chamber of Moscow Kremlin - mumwe mashoma zvikamu yamambo, izvo rakapona kubvira panguva Ivan III. Yakanga choumambo muimba yake huru. Ndicho mukuru wehurumende ibwe chivakwa muMoscow.

ские мастера при помощи приглашенных итальянцев - Пьетро Солари и Марко Руффо. It yakavakwa 4 Makore skie vanatenzi Russian achibatsirwa vakakokwa vokuItaly - Pietro Solari uye Marco Ruffo.

The Chamber ari mativi kamuri, umo muchinjikwa hwakavigwa mumakamuri, vachitsigirwa ne wechikamu pakati mukamuri. Hall 9 metres yakavhenekerwa wakakodzera zvakanaka riri mahwindo 18 uye makuru chandeliers mana. The zvachose nzvimbo Faceted Chamber of Moscow Kremlin ndiye anenge 500 akaenzana mamita.

Pakupera ari XVI remakore, masvingo aro kupendwa kereke uye dzemuBhaibheri mifananidzo. Kwemazana emakore, zvakanga pano kupemberera anokosha zviitiko munhoroondo Russian wehurumende. Pano atora vatorwa nevamiririri venyika uye nenhume, akasangana Zemsky Sobor. Nguva dzose Faceted Chamber vakapemberera kukunda kwezvombo Russian. Somuenzaniso, Ivan Grozny vakapemberera ari kubatwa pamusoro Kazan, uye Peter I kukunda yeSweden pa Poltava.

Red Square

Red Square, Moscow Kremlin akazviratidza XV remakore. Nhasi mumwe zviratidzo guru kwete chete, asiwo nyika, basa rayo kadhi.

Her vaisa Ivan III, uyo akarayira kuti kuputsa yemapuranga zvose muzvivako dzakakomberedza Kremlin. Sezvo ivo vanenge kutyisidzirwa nomoto. Izvi nzvimbo, kubudikidza hurongwa hwake, vakatorwa pasi kutengeserana. Saka, pakutanga kunzi Red Square Trading. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina kutora nguva refu.

Atova XVI remakore, zvakanzi zita Utatu. Nokuda pedyo Holy Trinity Church. Gare gare panzvimbo yayo yakaonekwa Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Maererano nemagwaro, ari XVII remakore, nzvimbo inozivikanwa se Fire. It harufaniri kukanganwika toponymic dzinonakidza chinoratidza Ancient Rus. Panguva iyoyo, imwe chinhu panguva imwe chete aigona mazita yepamutemo akawanda.

Red Square ainzi pamutemo sezvo chete XIX remakore. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe zvinyorwa ndiro zita rinowanikwa XVII remakore. Zvinoreva zita, maererano duramazwi Vladimira Dalya, iri chokwadi kuti madzitateguru shoko "zvitsvuku" Taifanira yakanaka, yakanaka.

Kwemazana emakore, Red Square muenzaniso, unogona kuronda sei Moscow Kremlin. Muzana XV remakore kwakaonekwa kuti Kremlin rusvingo , Samatutu emakwenzi akakurumbira - neDare, Spasskaya uye Nikolskaya. Muzana XVI remakore, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo uye nzvimbo kuuraya. Muzana XIX remakore - Historical Museum, Upper Trading Rows, izvo zviri kunzi GUM, kuti shongwe Minin uye Pozharsky. XX remakore kuna Red Square mausoleum uye Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Temberi iyi yakavakwa pakati XVI remakore. Vakavaka payo kukudzwa kubatwa pakati Kazan mauto eRussia. Chivako ichi chikuru nemamiriro mbiru 9 rinokwira pamusoro pasi pauriri vari interconnected maberere. Chine mashoko Kuronga nechepakati shongwe, iyo korona matende ane decoration cupola pamusoro. Vanhu vakawanda zvikuru vakasvika Moscow kuona kuti temberi iyi.

mbiru sere vakakomba tende huru. All dzimwe rwokupedzisira chitsauko dziri Mabumba.

Pamusoro chikamu Spassky Tower vari vaviri peberere pamusoro chinjiri chetemberi. Kubva ipapo unogona kuenda cloister. Revashanyi vagari guru vachiri mavara anoyevedza temberi, pasinei kuti zvakaitwa mazana emakore akapfuura. Kupendwa St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo vanatenzi vechokwadi. Vakashandisa zvoga mavara akabatana ibwe jena uye tsvuku chidhinha. Neyokupedzisira, akaita ruduku mashoko. Bright kupenda rakapera muna XVII remakore. Kana paiva pava paya, vakabva vachengetesa bhero shongwe uye chapero temberi iri kuchamhembe-mabvazuva. Kuti akapukunyuka ezvivako mazita kuti vaivaka ichi raikosha chivakwa yechitendero. mazita avo Posnik uye Barma.