Novo-Nikolsky Cathedral (Mozhaisk): tsananguro, nhoroondo, zvinoera uye nzvimbo

Machechi Russian Orthodox vari kwetsika ukoshi chaihwo. Under rakaisvonaka mapurani, dzakachena uye uve mhepo kazhinji yakavigwa nyaya, uzere zvakavanzika, kusawirirana uye ropa kutamburira kutenda. A unoshamisa uchapupu ichi ndicho Cathedral of St. Nicholas (Mozhaisk). Pasinei vagaries zvakasikwa uye nhoroondo mufaro, akamira kwemazana emakore uye achiri rinotsvenesa ivhu Russian. Chii nyaya yake? Uye chii zvakavanzika mutemberi uye okunamata zvitoro mukati mamasvingo ayo?

nzvimbo

City, apo Cathedral of St. Nicholas - Mozhaysk. It inoremekedzwa kumadokero chikamu Moscow nharaunda uye mumwe mukuru maguta Russian. Panotanga kutaurwa nezvayo yenhau anoreva 13-14 emakore fung. Panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa pazvakawanikwa anowana kubva 3rd zviuru. BC. e. Settlement uye nenzvimbo inobva pagomo (zvino Cathedral Mountain) panzvimbo dzapasi kunosvika rwizi Mozhayki. Papera chinguva Mozhaisk Kremlin yakavakwa pano. Pakutanga zvakanga emapuranga. Zvisinei, paiva moto pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16. Chikonzero maererano mamwe mashoko angave kuba uye mhirizhonga pakati ari labial kuchinja. Pashure paizvozvo, nhare akaramba earthworks uye ibwe shongwe kupiswa. Gare gare, varayirwa Ivana Groznogo Mozhaisk Kremlin rakavakwazve.

Nhoroondo yekereke

Maererano Chronicle Data Nikolsky Cathedral yakavambwa panenge iyoyo sezvo nhare muzana remakore rechi12 uye rakanga rakavakwa paSuo Nikolsky. Wooden Pakutanga, haana kurarama pashure moto, saka ari chena ibwe chechi rechi15 rakadzikwa. Panguva ino, zvakanga rainzi St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Cathedral. Panguva-Lithuanian Polish nechisimba chechi dzichapambwa, imba vakapona. Pakupera rechi17, mukuru Cathedral rakavakwazve. Gate (yokumusoro) chechi Nikolsky gedhi kuumba itsva St. Nicholas Cathedral, uye pasi ukuwo, ndiye St. Nicholas Cathedral yekare. Wechipiri pashure pazvinhu anoverengeka uye yaigadzirisa yakazozivikanwa seshanduro Peter uye Paul Church.

tsananguro

Externally, New Cathedral of St. Nicholas ndiyo chete pamwe rakafanana zvetsika chivakwa Orthodox. Zvinonzi akaurayiwa ekunyebera Gothic werudzii, yainzi Russian Gothic. Zviri nyore kuti zvokufungidzira kubva quirkiness pamusoro mapurani siyana uye nyeredzi Dhavhidhi ari mberi. Inside temberi yakashongedzwa maviri mifananidzo emapuranga mbiru uye (!) Statues yavatsvene. The strangeness zvidavado chokuita chinyakare (Orthodox) uye anotsigirwa Kusiyana tsaru St. Nicholas Cathedral (zvino Petro Paul Church).

Novo-Nikolsky tembere anomira Nikolsky gedhi pachikomo uye tsime kuonekwa pasuo reguta. Archive date uye kuvakwa vanodhirowa vasina vakapona. Zvisinei, mamwe mashoko vanoti munyori Cathedral kuvaka yakanga ine Russian mapurani uye mifananidzo Nadya Bakarev.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuvakwa temberi akatanga muna 1779 asi chete kuvakwa muna 1814. Rakaenderera mberi intermittently uye periodic yekupindurwa masterminds uye vapari vemhosva, pamwe kuwedzererwa uye pazvinhu. On masvingo aro vari kujairika Chirevo aripo. Kuti zvinoita kuti kare nharo pamusoro "Masonic" shanduro kuvakwa. Izvi zvinoratidzwa Masonic simba kuti aivapo muRussia kwemakore iwayo. Uyezve, mamwe masayendisiti akabatanidza musi okuguma 500 fung gore rufu rokupedzisira Tenzi Templars - Jacques de Molay. Muna 1314, akanga akapisirwa padanda.

Temberi anosanganisirawo ane 11-rutsoka rusvingo Mozhaisk Kremlin, asina kukwanisa kuparadza pane imwe nguva Polish pfuti. In masonry yekare, inozivikanwa zvikuru simba uye rakavimbika rave richishandiswa sechinhu nheyo.

kuvhara Cathedral

Kubva 1933 kusvika 1994 - a nani kujeka uye isingazivikanwi nguva muupenyu kweguta dzechitendero. For isingazivikanwi zvikonzero, yakanga yakavharwa St. Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk munguva Great Patriotic War zvakaipisisa sousingabatsiri. Kunyange zvazvo temberi yakadzorerwa (pasina nechepakati rising yeraundi), mumakore 60 knitting fekitari raiva pano. Uye makore makumi maviri gare gare, church uye nezvimwe zvivako shoma zvaitambidzwa Office Borodino Military History Museum. Chete muna 1994 mutemberi akatanga zvakare kuenda kunamata.

mhoromhokwa

Muna 2013, pakava simba Mozhaysk mhoromhokwa. Adonha ivhu kubva chikomo apo New Cathedral of St. Nicholas iri. Zvinoshamisa asi ichokwadi. Kubva kuparadzwa zvakakomba zvivako akaponesa kuti kuondomoka akamira dzimwe mamita 17 kubva mutemberi. Maererano vamwe, makuvaro zviduku vakanga vachiri akacherekedza rusvingo rwaro wokumavirira. Pane stucco akadonha uye vakawa zvidhinha. Vagari veguta vagara kuzivikanwa pamusoro dzinongoitika ngozi uye munjodzi yacho Church, asi akaramba kupinda minamato. Uye nokukurumidza tsamba yavo zvakanyorwa Bazi Culture kweRussia pamwe tsanangudzo, umo ane kusagadzikana nzvimbo iri kereke Orthodox muna Mozhaisk, uye kubvunza kunosimbiswa. Muna 2014, basa rose kudzorerwa rakapera.

asinganzwisisiki Kutsakatika

Zvinozivikanwa kuti St. Nicholas Cathedral kune echimurenga nguva akachengetedzwa zvisaririra zvevasande (Sergiya Radonezhskogo, Prince Vladimir, Lawrence-sharpener, uraya Makary naBarbara, asi seane uchenjeri Michael Stadskogo uye Nikon Sukhoi). Zvisinei, muna 1919, ivo zvinoshamisa uye anyangarika.

Other asinganzwisisiki Kutsakatika zvakaitika muchirimo 1922. nguva ino kurasikirwa yakanga zvikuru mune zvokunamata uye mune zvokunyama nemashoko. ubrus maviri vane mufananidzo wemhandara, vaviri Zvezditsa, iyo kapu + pamwe nemifananidzo matsvene vakatorwa, goridhe michinjikwa uye bheji Petro I. All zvinhu vakanga yakashongedzwa nengoda uye nematombo anokosha. Uyewo akanyangarika nguwani uye chasuble pamwe mufananidzo Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Ndiani dzakatorwa rutumba harizivikanwi. Ivo akanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa.

Zvisinei, pasinei dzakawanda mishumo, muna 1925, zvomunharaunda wenhau N. I. Vlasev kumirira Mozhaisk dunhu, mune kemabhuku dzavo zvizere inorondedzerwa jasi Nikoly Mozhayskogo pamwe nekatsamba kuti anochengeterwa Kremlin Armory.

Icon

Zvikuru kukosha nokuti guta nguva dzose Mozhaisk yave mufananidzo Nikolaya Mozhayskogo - a vaichengetedza kwevagari vayo. The kutaurwa kutanga anowanikwa kunyange epics "Sadko", "Mihajlo Potyk". Panewo tsaru tsika. Maererano naye, kamwe guta racho rakakombwa nevavengi. Achiona ngozi, vanhu Mozhaisk akatanga kunyengetera nomwoyo wose Nikolayu Chudotvortsu. Nokukurumidza nhare akazviratidza chifananidzo hombe womusande. Unopenya bakatwa uye anotyisa kucherekedza tyisidzira vavengi. Ndizvo St. Nicholas akava musande aive chimvuramabwe Mozhaev. Pashure paizvozvo, chifananidzo yematanda akasikwa. The mufananidzo hunorondedzera musande ane bakatwa muruoko rwake rworudyi uye Mozhaiskaya nhare - kuruboshwe.

Sculpture Decorated Vakadzingana sirivha chasuble uye nguwani ine maparera hombe, goridhe muchinjikwa uye matombo anokosha. Pamuchinjikwa pachipfuva, uye korona rakanga rakagadzirwa nendarama yakaisvonaka, uye munondo yematanda uye chimvuramabwe Mozhaev pozlascheny.

Mufananidzo St. Nicholas akanga vamire St. Nicholas Cathedral. Munguva Hondo 1812, temberi (achiri konekwa) vakanga yekudyidzana sei, asi zvivezwa uye zvimwe zvinokosha midziyo chechi achiripo nekuti vakanga yakavanzwa kure mudzimba. Nhasi, ari kakasaririra wakachengetwa Moscow, ari Tretyakov Gallery. Uye Nicholas Cathedral akaisa icon of musande.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

• Kunoshamisa mufananidzo St. Nicholas, vakatasva pamusoro Nikolsky gedhi, wairindwa nevavengi Mozhaisk. Madimbu kana nokutungamirira kwaMwari, asi kana icon rwakabviswa muguta, akanga pakarepo akabatwa nomuvengi. Izvi zvinopa mukana madhorobha ngano, asi chaiyo misi nezviitiko zvisina akaratidza.
• Zvinozivikanwa kuti kune vanopfuura gumi nevaviri St. Nicholas Church mu Russia. Rimwe remasangano riri kuSt Petersburg, Orenburg - kumwe akashanyira. Uye Nicholas Cathedral (Mozhaisk) zvichida ndiro dangwe pakati "hama" dzake uye kujairika kwokukurukurirana mapurani.
• Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 panguva fairground mitambo iri Mozhaisk rwaishamisa chaiyo. Above St. Nicholas Cathedral mazuva akawanda mumutsetse zvakanzi vakaona rakajeka Naiwo mufaro. Vagari vokutanga vakarikunda kuti moto, uye kunzwisisa, vaiona chishamiso uye chikomborero kwaIshe.

nhasi

Pari nharaunda Mozhajskij Anozvirumbidza vanopfuura gumi nevaviri nzvimbo. Pakati pavo vane machechi kukosha Orthodox. nzvimbo yokutanga pazvinhu izvi St. Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk anochengeta mupfumi nhoroondo yaro uye kuine mhute. Kusvikira ikozvino, masayendisiti nharo kana iri tsika ukoshi Russian chokwadi kana chimwe chiratidzo Masonic. Asi ungano Orthodox kuti hazvina basa. Kubva zvose kuuya pamusoro Russia pano vakatendeka kunamata zvifananidzo vatsvene uye zvisaririra uye kunzwa akachena uye uve mhepo. St. Nicholas Cathedral - chaiye nhoroondo Monument, iyo, pamwe nemamwe netemberi yekare nowenyika simba parutendo Orthodox, saka tariro uye kubatanidza vanhu Russia.