Arabat fortress: tsanangudzo nemifananidzo. Nzira yekuenda sei kunhare?

Kwezviuru zvemakore peninsula yeCrimea yakange iri nhandare yemakakatanwa ehondo pakati penyika dzakasiyana. Kuti vasimbise nzvimbo dzavo mune iyi kona yakakosha yekwenyika, vanhu vakavaka dzimba, vazhinji vavo vakapona kusvikira nhasi.

Nhasi muCrimea, vatashanyi vanogona kuona Genoese, Byzantine neRoma mauto. Nhare dzeTurkey dzinodzivirirwa zvakare. Pakati pavo, nhare yeArabat inzvimbo inokosha.

Iyo yakasiyana neyekudzivirira iyi yakakonzerwa nekuti inenge iri pakati peGungwa reAzov neSivash pamucheto wakamanikana wenyika, saka panguva yakafanira yakachengeteka peninsula kubva kuhondo dzinobva kuchamhembe.

Title

Maererano nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, shoko rokuti "Arabat" rinobva mumutauro weTurkic uye rinoreva "guta remuzinda", uye shoko neshoko - "chimwe chinhu chiri mberi". Pano panewo kufungidzira kuti zita racho rakabva mururimi rweArabhu uye zvinoreva "kusimbisa". Munzvimbo ipi zvayo, nhare yakasimba yeArabat, yakakomberedzwa nechepamusoro-soro uye nzvimbo yakadzika yepamusoro, yakapawo zita kune imwe nzvimbo-nzvimbo yakaisvonaka uye yakareba jecha rinoparadzanisa Gungwa reAzov kubva Gulf of Sivash.

Nhoroondo yenzvimbo yedunhu risati rasvika kuCrimea kuenda kuRussia

Mashoko akavimbika pamusoro pekunge runyararo rweArabat rakatangwa haruna kuchengetedzwa. Zvisinei, kunyorwa kwekutanga kwakanyorwa kweimba yakabva kuAk-Monai Isthmus mubhuku rinonzi "Description yeUkraine", rakanyorwa naFrench G. Boplan, rinoreva muna 1651, saka, zvichida, chivakwa chakavakwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17. Zvinyorwa zvekuzivikanwa mutambi weTurkey Evliya Chelebi, uyo paaienda kuHurumende yeOttoman akashanyira muCrimea uye akarondedzera Arabat se "guru guru uye rine simba rakakomberedza shongwe", iro rakashanda senzvimbo yekudzivirira peninsula kubva kuKalmyks neZaporozhye Cossacks. Anotsanangurawo muvambi weimba yaMehmed Ghirai Khan, zvichida achitaura kumwanakomana wemutongi weCrimea, Saadet.

Nhare uye Cossacks

Ita reTurkey citadel, iyo inodzivirira kuCrimea kubva kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva, haina kuramba isisvikiki kwenguva refu. Muna 1668, maCossacks, akarayirwa naIvan Horn, vakatora nhare yacho nekuparadza uye vakaparadza boka rayo. Sezvo chinangwa chekushanda kweCossacks kwaiva kutya vaTurkey, havana kumira mumusha, iyo yakadzorerwa nevaOttomans.

Nenguva yechipiri, nhare yeArabat yakakundwa neCossacks muna 1737, apo Onisim Bilogy regiment, kushandisa ruzivo mumvura nemvura nekuda kwemhepo, yakapfuura Sivash uye yakatora rusvingo. Kubudirira, uye nguva ino yakanga isiri yekupedzisira: munguva pfupi, Cossacks vakadzingwa kunze kweguta, uye veTurks vakadzokera ikoko.

Kuwa kweArabat

Pakupedzisira, nhare yakakundwa nemauto eRussia achirairwa naV. M. Dolgorukov, mushure mekunge kwaive neuto rehondo raivepo zvachose. Akaita basa rinokosha munguva yeHurumende yeCrimea, asingabvumi kutama kweAllied masimba uye kubatwa kweArabat Arrows, iyo yaizoendesa kumativi ehondo dzeRussia.

Muna 1860, nhare yakarashika yakakosha uye yakatanga kuipa. Mukuwedzera, vagari vomunharaunda yakapoteredza vakatanga kuputsa masvingo uye kushandisa matombo kubva maiviru avo kuvaka misha yavo. Kubva panguva iyo, kudzorerwa kweimba yakakwirira haina kumboitwa, saka panguva iyo iri munzvimbo inosuruvarisa.

Arabat Fortress: tsanangudzo

Nzvimbo iyi yakagadzirwa nevanotengesi veTurkey maererano nemitemo yose yekuvakwa kwezvombo zvepanguva iyoyo. Mifananidzo yakatorwa kubva padenga retafura, kunyange mufananidzo wakaora, inofanidza zvakajeka nepentagon yakakura.

IArabat yemauto yakachengetedzwa nemvura yakazara nemvura inopiwa kubva kuAviv Sea. Kubva mudzimba dzaiva dzakapoteredza ndima yacho, zvichibvumira vaTurkey mukana wekukombwa kubva kugungwa kuti vafambe kusvika kumhenderekedzo uye kurwisa usiku pamusoro pezvikepe zvevavengi. Mukati, pakanga paine zindan-gomba, apo vasungwa vaibatwa, avo vaifanira kunge varipo kusvikira vabhadharwa rudzikinuro.

Hondo yeArabhati yaiva nemasuo maviri uye yakakamurwa kuva zvigaro zvishanu nepfuti zvinoputika, izvo zvakarongwa kuitira kuti nhare yacho idzivirire kubva kumativi akawanda panguva imwe chete.

Current state

Vatashanyi vakawanda vanouya kuCrimea kuti vaone ikoko kune dzakawanda zvezvombo zvehondo zvekuvakwa ipapo. Hondo yeArabhu ndiyo imwe yeiyo.

Panguva ino, chikamu chiduku chezvivako zvekare zvakashata zvakasara. Idzi idzi zvidimbu zvemasvingo ane simba ane masvingo uye musuo wokupinda kumaodzanyemba. Kunyanya kukosha ndiro shaft, iyo dzimwe nguva inosvika pakakwirira mamita 7-8. Kuoneka kwemazuva ano masvingo kunopesana nezvakange uri munguva yekutonga kweTurkey, sekumazuva ekutanga eHondo yeCrimea iyo yakanga yakasungirirwa nezvidhinha zvemarara. Pedyo nenhare kunewo mazana emagetsi emapilandomu emaGermany akasiyiwa kubva panguva yenguva pfupi yekugara kwezvi nzvimbo panguva yeHigh Patriotic War.

The Legend

Nhare iyo museve weArabat yave iri dongo kwemakore anopfuura 150. Panzvimbo iyi, vagari vakaisa nhoroondo dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, vanoti ivo vasati vashandurwa mumigodhi yemunyu yaiva pedyo nematongo, jaya racho rakashanda. Akarota kuponesa mari yemuchato, naizvozvo akashanda nesimba. Nokukurumidza jaya rakarwara zvakanyanya. Akakumbira muridzi wacho kubhadhara mari yakavimbika uye akamurega achienda kumusha. Akaramba uye akakumbira kuti Memet arambe achishanda kusvikira nguva yakatarwa yaakashandira. Nokukurumidza kusakanganisika kwakaitika, uye jaya racho rakafa. Zvadaro, paguva rake, iri pedyo nemadziro eimba, yakatanga kuonekwa marara emunyu, achiyeuchidza zvinyorwa muArabic. Sezvo vagari vemo vanofunga, saka kusagadzikana Memet anoedza kuratidza kune vapenyu kutsamwa kwake pane zvakaipa zvayo uye kutuka ishe akaipa.

Zorora pamuseve weArabat

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nzvimbo idzi dzakatanga kutamba vanhu vanogara kumahombekombe, kunyanya kubva pamasvingo eimba iri kusvika pakadzika kwemamiriyoni maviri kubva kure nemamita zana kubva kumahombekombe. Nokuda kweizvi, mvura inokurumidza kupisa - kushambidzika kwayo kunogona kusvika kusvika pamadrigiri makumi matatu. Mukuwedzera, mhepo paAraatskayakaya inosanganisira mapaundi eododhe uye bromine, naizvozvo inonyanya kukosha kune vana uye avo vanotambura nezvirwere zvepemmonary.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvitubu zvinopisa zvakawanikwa paArabatka, iyo inobatsira mukurapwa kwezvirwere zvehutachiona hwehutano uye matambudziko akasiyana-siyana emajoka nemapfupa. Uyewo pane zvakawanda zvakachengetwa munyu marine uye dhe remaperembudzi.

Mushonga weArabat unofanirwawo kurongedza hove, sezvo zvichibvira kubata flatfish, mullet, pelengas uye gobies. Akagara muGungwa reAzov uye shrimp.

Arabat Fortress: directions

Nzvimbo yechipata ichi inoratidzirwa nekubatanidza 45 ° 17 '44. 38 "kuchamhembe kwemaodzanyemba uye 35 ° 28 '41. 83" kumabvazuva.

Nemotokari, unogona kusvika ikoko nemugwagwa mukuru weMoscow - Simferopol. Iwe unofanirwa kutyaira kusvika kuGenichesk, wozobvisa nechiratidzo uye uenderere mberi kunzvimbo yemagetsi (20 km kubva kutende). Kubva ipapo unofanirwa kupfuurira mberi kwegungwa uye zvino ramba wakananga mberi kunhare. Iwe unogona kusvika kuArabatka nechitima, icho chinopinda kuGenichesk, Arabatskaya miseve kana Novoalekseevka. Pane imwe yezvivako izvi unogona kutora tekisi, iyo ichakutora iwe kunhare.

Iye zvino unoziva chii chinoshamisa pamusoro penhare yeArabat muCrimea, uyewo zviitiko zvipi zvaitika munzvimbo iyi yemazana kwemazana emakore.