Apo Central Forest Reserve iri? Central Forest State Biosphere Reserve: tsananguro, hunhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Sezvo zvakanaka, kuti nyika yedu nokungwarira akachengetedza varipo uye ramangwana zvizvarwa yokukosha mararamiro, apo unogona kunakidzwa hunhu waro chaiyoiyo chimiro, tarisa mhuka rusununguko, kufema scents maruva uye miriwo upenyu! Mumwe makona ivavo - Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve. It ane nyaya kujairika, munhu yakaoma kare uye mukuru chipo. Masayendisiti vanopedza kutsvakurudza inokosha, nokudaro akazadzisa kuvapo zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu Russian. Asi kuchengeterwa yakazarukira vadikani zvose zvakasikwa. Kunyanya vana unobvumirwa pano. Kwavari inoitwa mabasa dzinonakidza zvakasikwa, excursions, uye Baba Yaga, anogara musango, anoronga vaduku botanists uye zoologists bvunzo chairo.

nzvimbo

Central Forest State Nature Reserve riri pamusoro nyika Tver mudunhu kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Tver. In nhamba, zviri nzvimbo pachinhu mumaguta pedyo guru riri sezvinotevera:

• kubva kuMoscow vari yakarurama mutsetse kuna kuchengeterwa pamusoro 285 km;
• kubva Kaluga, 274? km;
• kubva Vitebsk 212? km;
• kubva Smolensk, 175? km;
• kubva Tver, 167? km;
• kubva Rzhev 75? km.

At 68 Km from dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo vachisasa kunozivikanwa nyanza Seliger.

Nepariri, Central Forest State Nature Reserve iri muna Valdai Hills, pamusoro Watershed (reCaspian-reBaltic), okumusoro kunosvika enzizi Volga uye Western Dvina. Pedyo kumuganhu kuchengeterwa, kana zvakananga mundima yayo vanorohwa kubva muvhu manyuko enzizi Meza, Tyudma, Tudovka, Zhukopa.

Background chengetedza

Places kunodiwa Central Forest Reserve Tver nharaunda, panongova zvakanaka rakachengetedzwa kusvikira muzana remakore rechi20 nemhaka ivhu mamiriro uye windfall nyika dondo zvakakonzera zvinetso kuti zvoupfumi. Muzana remakore rechi18 vakadaidzwa Okovskim kana Volkonski dondo. Paiva renje. Chete vashoma vakakwanisa kutora pokugara mumisha pamwe penzizi uye Tudovka Zhukopa. In Okovskom mumasango vakanga vachivhima anamapako General Romeyko, Sheremetiev uye varidzi wandei. Vose vanouya pano kunovhima, uye zvakawanda chero nzira musango isina kushandiswa, uye Romeyko Kuwedzera zvavakatemerwa kwavo chikamu dondo anochengeta murayiro, unorambidza poaching uye kuparadzwa, kunyange pamusoro yoga zvikomo, pakanga pasina mira mvura, varimi ochinja hurongwa kana Chengetedza-uye-pisa nzira yokururamisa nyika, kurima kwavari nokusika dzinogarwa yawo.

Muna 1905, nevanopikisana navo pokuchinja, aichimbova varidzi venyika yavo vakatanga kutengesa, uye varidzi itsva unotiranga vakashanda pamusoro pavo izvo zvavaida. It haana chimiro uye mushure Great October Revolution kuti 1017. Chete ari 20s vehurumende yeSoviet kugadzirisa nyaya kuchengetedza zviwanikwa.

nzendo garo

Central Forest Reserve Tver nharaunda pamusoro magwaro yakatangwa muna 1931 pamusoro avaida New Year mazororo, musi 31 December. Zvisinei, kuti asike nayo basa rakatanga muna 1925. Zvadaro, wadzana nyanzvi Pedagogical Institute muna Smolensk, Grigory Leonidovich kuSheori, akatungamirira pakundopambara kudzidza zviwanikwa pedyo Moscow uye matongero kuti Tver Region nyika pakati Volga uye Northern Dvina zvakanakisisa wakanyatsokodzera kuva dzinongoitika reserves. Izvi inoshora lumbermen nzvimbo idzodzo uye kushingaira kutema miti chaizvo vari kunyika warasa kukosha zvose. Muna 1930, Sheori akaronga rwendo itsva uye runotsanangurwa imwe nzvimbo itsva kuti chengetedza. Kubva ake akare nyora mairi yaisanganisira hectares 3,000 chete. Nemhaka kuitwa murume uyu akazviratidza Reserve uye guva akava mukuru waro.

matambudziko ruzivo

In 30-40s Reserve Central Forest pedyo Tver Ndaishanda kubudirira uye fruitfully - akavaka hofisi zvivakwa, mumarabhoritari, dzimba vashandi enzira. Labor vanhu 61, vakasvika 15 magadhi uye 21 mutsvakurudzi. Yakawanda nesimba kuti kuchengeterwa wechidiki zvakatikomberedza Vladimir Stanchinsky, dzakaronga Integrated yokutaura kushanda. Asi murume uyu muna 1941 akanga achicherwa, vakatambudza, akandwe mujeri, apo akafa papera gore.

Hurumende mari yacho kuchengeterwa aienda zvakanaka, izvo zvaiita kuti tiite zvidzidzo zvakawanda kuzozivisa chinobatsira ekoprogrammy, asi hondo iri vayambuka. vashandi vakawanda panguva kudanwa uye nokuzvidira vakaenda mberi, vamwe vakanga vachiedza vabva kuchengeterwa uye vanhu vemo ratyama vachikweva kure zvose zvavaikwanisa. Muna 1941, emagandanga chikwata kuvhiyiwa Reserve. VaNazi uye evatsigiri dzavo mapurisa kuenda zvakadzika kudondo vakatya, asi vakapamba nechepakati Manor uye Museum, akaparadza kuunganidza zhinji uye manyoro, zvichiita kukuvara 265 000, yakanga wakakura pakuverengwa nokuda yaitonga Soviet Union.

Pangosvika mberi akatamira kumavirira, Central Forest Reserve akatangazve basa rayo. tsvimbo yake yaiva vanhu 13 chete. People Zvishoma nezvishoma akarasika tatangazve akasika rabhoritari zvakare. Asi muna 1951, gore kuchengeterwa amutswa akanga akapfigwa uye vashandi akaisa kure. Chete muna 9 makore, ayo zvakare akanga dzichapambwa uye vakarasikirwa zvikuru, zvakare akatanga apore. Muna 1985, kuchengeterwa ichi waibatanidzwa UNESCO dzakawanda richikurukura akadzivirira nzvimbo. Zvino inoshandisa dhipatimendi kwesayenzi, mudonzvo varindi, craniological rabhoritari bhuku nguva, upenyu mudzidzi dzebhurauni mabheya, kunatsiridzwa musha vashandi, akavaka gastehuise uye muhositeri kuti vashanyi.

mamiriro

Central Forest Reserve ndokwenguva nzvimbo 70.500 hectares. Rakakamurwa zones:

• Warren moyo;
• Buffer;
• kodzera kushandiswa.

In dzakachengetedzwa tsanga (nzvimbo 24415 hectares) chero basa kuti anotyora eco nepakati zvakasikwa. Pane mapazi ose mhedziso zororo, ndiwo musha Reserved.

Buffer mapazi - a kanyika nyika kubudikidza tsanga mukomberedzo makubhiti 1 km uye zvachose munzvimbo 130 km2. Pairi muri ematenhe namagariro capercailye iyezvino reserves, dzinongoitika miganhu, dzinongoitika sezvivako.

Kushandiswa kodzera yacho sezvo pane nzvimbo uye capercailye ano. Uyezve, pane nzvimbo vanobvumirwa kuunganidza howa, cranberries nezvimwe michero, nokushandisa muchina wokucheka uswa, tsvimbo hove hove.

dzinongoitika Features

Central Forest State Biosphere Reserve riri nemumakomo mumapani, hunodzorwa siyana glacial zororo. Pamusoro pegungwa, ayo kukwirira ndiyo 220-280 mamita. Ndima yeparutivi hunomiririrwa moraine anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Panewo mudziva wokushambidzira. Kazhinji, mvura ndiyo mijenya - nerimwe 1 km2 vanenge 750 metres kubva nenzizi. Pasi Pevhu tiri 3 chete metres pachiso. nzvimbo huru (6323 hectares) akafukidzwa anezvimiti. Pakati pavo, "Verkhovskii Moss", "Staroselsky Moss", "Demikhovsky Moss" uye chikuru "Katin Moss."

Soil kuchengeterwa mamiriro iwayo akakurumbira. Kune turf, podsolic, Marsh, peat, manyowa, alluvial, glei primers uye mubatanidzwa siyana ayo, semuenzaniso, pevhu podsolic, peat podzolic gleyey.

Okunze ari kuchengeterwa nyoro uye muchitonhorera muzhizha avhareji tembiricha vanenge +16 ° C, muchando -10 ° C, kuine mazuva, 45%.

Flora

Central Forest Reserve achiri murombo kasvisto, nokuda peculiarities okunze uye ivhu. Pano ari hunodzorwa European uswa, mhando 546 chete kunyanya kukura zvakanaka mumumvuri. Pakati pavo, kuti manyoro - 490 mhando nemiti uye zvipfupi nemiti - 34 marudzi miti - 16 marudzi, tsika - 6 marudzi. The yeparutivi kukura Birch, Aspen, elm, dota, nemipaini, spruce (pane nzvimbo zvikuru zvinokosha wokumaodzanyemba taiga spruce), Linden, pomuouki, alder.

Pakati herbaceous zvirimwa pane vamiririri vazhinji Red Book Somuenzaniso, grozdovik, kungonyuka kuvimbika, mudzimai wacho patapata. Wemiriwo uye maruva ari kuchengeterwa kunogona kuonekwa camomile the, mallow, Ivan mambo Marya, bhero, ferns, Calla, Veronica, lungwort, avens, uye mune marshes uye pedyo navo vanokura blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, blackberries.

fauna of

Paradhiso yedu duku vakava Central Forest Reserve. Animals ipapo nechipiriso 335-fung mhuka. Mhuka dziri kuchengeterwa vane guru (mabheya, mapere, Stony, yokuSpain, gava, nondo, nyati musii, nemhara nemhembwe) uye diki (nemakonzo, zviremwaremwa, otters, minks, ferrets, chamatebwe, moles, hedgehogs) - vanosvika 56 marudzi. Aonawo pamusoro kuchengeterwa amphibians (matatya, toads, newts), madzvinyu, nyoka. In nenzizi nehova inoyerera nomunharaunda yacho kuchengeterwa akawanikwa 18 mhando hove. Asi mukuru siyana pano Chokwadi, shiri. mhando 250 dzave akanyorwa ose. Matavi kurira warbler, goldfinches, orioles, blackbirds, flytrap, Finch, warbler, robins, ropa maranjisi. Night namazizi kuenda kunovhima uye namazizi, Rukodzi runonzi zuva Dzinogara, makwapa makondo, dzendarama makondo, tsvuku dzakaparadzana norukodzi. Near madziva nesting duck, woodcocks, snipe, Cranes, herons. The kushongedzwa Reserve ndivo capercaillie, ayo zvikuru kudzivirirwa kubva kunze kwemutemo.

Zvokudya ruzhinji shiri dziri nezvipembenene, izvo kuverengwa iri kuchengeterwa marudzi 600. Havasi vose vamiririri dzavo dzinofadza kutarisa uye hazvikuvadzi, asi pamusoro runako kungozvifunga, hapana kusawirirana. Ndivo mhando 250. Unonyanya kuyevedza Admiral, mhangura-shavishavi, perlamutrovka, limonnitsa, polygonia.

karwendo mudungwe munzira

Central Forest Biosphere Reserve rad uye vana uye vakuru zvakafanana. Pano, vanoda zvisikwa zvichakugadzirira akawanda mudungwe munzira. Vatatu vavo pfupi, inenge kiromita refu, asi dzinonakidza. Pano, vafambi akamirira Baba Yaga, asi kwete kuzvidya uye kuvapa muedzo ruzivo yezvakaita nzvimbo idzi. Mudungwe munzira ndivo:

1. "Mystery Forest Okovskogo". mazana matatu mupaini inokura pano 46 metres yakakwirira, kuisa kuona platforms, uye nzira yose riri yakagadzirwa namapuranga.
2. "Forest arufabheti". muhwezva Izvi zvinofadza kudzidza zvisaririra wedondo vanogara, mimwe izvo yakaiswa Panhivi.
3. "Staroselsky Moss." muhwezva ichi anomhanyira kubudikidza doro, asi rwakagadzirira nzira mapuranga. Pairi unogona kuyemura kwete chete shiri (lapwings, sandpipers, wagtails, Cranes), asi Stony kunyange mabheya, izvo dzimwe nguva kuswedera doro kudya michero.

Nokuti vakuru vari kuchengeterwa yakagadzirwa migwagwa inenge 25 km pakureba. Ivo kutungamirira zvakadzama kudondo uye akaita pakuva nomuperekedzi. Izvi "Red Mill", "Barsuchiha" uye "Siberia". On nzira akashongedzerwa kari, apo iwe chokutyira, kudya uye kunyange hope.

Purogiramu uye mitengo

Central Forest Reserve muna Tver Region yakazaruka vaenzi vhiki yose (kunze Mugovera uye Svondo) kubva 10:00 am kusvika 12:00 pm wezuva, uchiteverwa kudya awa, uye ipapo kuramba kushanda mazuva 13-00 kusvika 16-00 pm. Mutengo rubvumo ndiko:

• zera kusvika makore 10 - 50 rubles;
• kusvika makore 16 - 75 rubles;
• vakuru - 150 rubles.

Support pamusoro nzira kureba 25 km zvaikosha 1000 rubles kuti 1 zuva.

Kushanyira miziyamu kunodyira rubles 250 kusvika 400 (zvichienderana boka saizi).

Usiku ari kuchengeterwa zvinogoneka 300 rubles pazuva (mu Zaimka uye dhomitari) uye 600 rubles ari muenzi mumba.

Kutamira kuguta Nelidovo (42? Km kubva mumusha Wose) imwe nhungamiro inobva 600 kusvika 3000 rubles, zvichienderana chokufambisa chikwata kirasi.