Amino asidhi mamiriro. Definition uye kupatsanura pakati amino acids

Pakati hombe-siyana zvakasikwa zvinhu amino acids vane nzvimbo inokosha. Akafanirwa wavo chaizvo ukoshi zvose zvipenyu uye makemikari kemisitiri. Chokwadi ndechokuti kubva amino acids ine nyore uye kunzwisisa mamorekuru kwemapurotini, inova nheyo nomumwe uye rudzi rwose upenyu Panyika. Chikonzero ichi kuti sayenzi achiteerera vafungisise adzidze nyaya dzakadai amino iine acid mamiriro, zvivako, kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa. ukoshi guru yeimwe izvi mukurapa, apo vari kushandiswa sezvo gadziriro somushonga. Nokuti avo vanhu vanenge mubasa pachavo utano hwavo uye kutungamirira chinoshingaira mararamiro, mapuroteni monomers muri rudzi zvokudya (zvinonzi mitambo kudya). Vamwe mhando yaishandiswa Organic chakaita zvokugadzirwa kemisitiri sezvo feedstock ari zvaAtemisi chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers - enanth uye zvinhu zvenaironi. Sezvaunogona kuona, imwe amino asidhi chinoita basa rinokosha zvose zvakasikwa uye munzanga yevanhu, saka zvitarire zvizere.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako amino acids

Compounds dzeboka iri ndivo amphoteric Organic zvinhu, kureva ane mapoka maviri chadzo, uye saka kuratidza Dual ehupfumi. Zvikurukuru munyika mamorekuru chipo hydrocarbyl radicals dzakabatanidzwa kuva NH ₂ mapoka amino uye carboxylic mapoka COOH. The nemakemikari nevamwe zvinhu kuti kuita sezvo amino iine acid nechigadziko, sei acid. Isomers pakati yeimwe yakadaro kunoratidzwa nokuda kuchinja kana spatial configuration ari kabhoni marangwanda, kana amino chinzvimbo, uye kupatsanura pakati amino acids akatsunga inobva STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye zvivako zviri yeHydrocarbon kukuru. Zvingatora chimiro yakatwasuka kana mapazi cheni uye ane cyclic ezvirevo.

Optical basa aminocarboxylic acids

monomers Vose polypeptides vavo 20 mhando mumuviri zvinomera, mhuka uye vanhu, muri L-amino acids. Vazhinji vavo ane asymmetric kabhoni atomu, akatendeuka apo kutenderera ari inobudisa chiedza danda kuruboshwe. Two monomer isoleucine uye threonine - vane mbiri kabhoni kwakadaro maatomu uye aminoacetic asidhi (glycine) - hapana. amino Manyiminya basa classifications zvinowanzoshandiswa nemakemikari omuviri uye ezvinhu zvipenyu kudzidza nedanho rokushandura kupinda mapuroteni biosynthesis. Sezvineiwo, D-chimiro amino acids haana chikamu polypeptide ngetani mapuroteni, asi varipo ari kwemabhakitiriya membranes uye metabolic zvibereko notumwe, actinomycetes, ndiko kuti chokwadi, ivo vakawana dzinongoitika mishonga zvakadai gramicidin. In nemakemikari omuviri yaizivikanwa fuma ine D-chimiro spatial chivako akafanana citrulline, homoserine, ornithine, basa rinokosha mune zvaiitwa muchitokisi muviri.

Chii zwitterions?

Zvakare, monomers kuti mapuroteni akaumbwa dzichipfekeka mapoka ndivo amines uye carboxylic acids. Nezvimedu -NH ₂ uye COOH dyidzana pamwe mukati morekuru, iyo inosvitsa yomukati munyu, inonzi nechirwere Ion (zwitterion). Izvi anotsanangura womukati nemamiriro amino acids yavo yakakwirira mano kushamwaridzana polar zvokufembedzwa, zvakadai semvura. Kuvapo mhosva inoramba iri mhinduro kunokonzera conductivity yavo.

Chii α-amino acids

Kana amino boka iri morekuru pakutanga kabhoni atomu, tichiverenga kubva carboxyl nzvimbo nzvimbo, asidhi amino kwakadaro ndokwevakavimbika mukirasi α-amino acids. Anogara nzvimbo unoenda ari Kunyora, nekuti kubva monomers izvi uye akavaka zvose pakugadzira kushingaira mapuroteni mamorekuru, semuenzaniso, zvakadai makemikari, Chizenga, actin, collagen uye zvakafanana. D. Mamiriro mukirasi iyi amino acids anogona kunzi somuenzaniso glycine, chete iro zvinowanzoshandiswa neurologic tsika sezvo achibatsira kugadzirira pakurapa nyoro siyana mwoyo uye neurasthenia.

zita International izvi amino asidhi - α-glycine, izvozvo ane Manyiminya L-chimiro uye proteinogenic, kuti zvinobatanidzwa rokushandura kwacho uye chikamu puroteni macromolecules.

Mapuroteni vavo muchinangwa muviri kuti monomers

Hazvibviri kufungidzira chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo nhengo kuti mhuka, kusanganisira murume, pasina mahormone, zvinosanganisira mapuroteni mamorekuru. The kwemakemikari Urongwa ari amino acids mukati kwavari, zvinosimbisa dzavo kungova α-siyana. Semuenzaniso, triiodothyronine uye thyroxine zvinoberekwa thyroid shwanu. Ivo waidzora muviri uye muzvitokisi dzayo synthesized kubva α-amino asidhi tyrosine. Mano uye kunzwisisa mapuroteni zvinowanikwa sezvo 20 monomers makuru uye dzavo nomukaka. The prothrombin, iyo inodzora ropa coagulation, aripo carboxyglutamic asidhi mu myosin (tsandanyama mapuroteni) dzakaonekwa methyllysine, kuti enzayemu peroxidase - selenocysteine.

Muviri ukoshi mapuroteni vavo monomers

Tichitarisa maumbirwo amino acids vavo kupatsanura, ichanyanya pamusoro gradation inobva kugona kana kutadza mapuroteni monomers synthesized mumasero. Alanine, proline, tyrosine nezvimwe yeimwe achiumbwa maitiro mapurasitiki Exchange, uye tryptophan, uye dzimwe amino acids nomwe kupinda mumuviri wedu chete nezvokudya.

Mumwe chokukomborerwa munhu akarurama uye zvinovaka muviri ndicho padanho kudyiwa nevanhu mapuroteni zvokudya. Zvinofanira kuva kanenge chikamu chechina yaipedzerwa zvokudya kwakaitwa muviri pazuva. Zvinokosha zvikuru kuti mapuroteni zviri zvayo sezvamunoita valine, isoleucine, uye zvimwe zvinokosha amino acids. Muchiitiko chino, mapuroteni dzinonzi kwakakwana. Vanopinda muviri kubva chirimwa zvokudya, kana zvokudya zvine notumwe.

Monomers pachavo zvinokosha mapuroteni hazvigoni synthesized mumasero mammalian. Kana tikafunga maumbirwo mamorekuru ose amino acids, izvo hunokosha, tinogona kuona kuti ndezvake makirasi siyana. Saka, valine uye leucine vari aliphatic series, tryptophan - kune anonhuhwirira amino acids uye threonine - kuti hydroxyamino.