Air kudzivirira kusvibiswa muRussia uye munyika

Air kudzivirira kusvibiswa muzuva redu rava rimwe kukoshesa munzanga. Pashure pezvose, kana pasina mvura munhu anogona kurarama mazuva akawanda pasina chikafu - shomanana, haugoni kuita, uye maminitsi mashoma pasina mhepo. After kufema - chinhu chichiitika.

Tinorarama nechepasi wechishanu, mhepo, makungwa mapuraneti, kazhinji kunzi mumhepo. Kana akanga asiri, upenyu Panyika haana yakamuka.

mhepo Kuronga

The Zvinoumba mhepo dzose kubvira panguva nechitarisiko vanhu. Tinoziva kuti 78% dzedenga - ndiro senitrogen, 21% okisijeni zvawanikwa. Zviri argon mudenga uye carbon dioxide pamwe anenge 1%. Uye vose mumwe magasi ari Verengai kunotipa chiduku dimikira 0,0004% yakadaro.

Kuti zvinoshandawo mamwe magasi? Kune vazhinji: methane, rehydrogen, carbon monoxide, sarufa oxides, nehelium, rehydrogen sulfide uye nevamwe. Nepo nhamba dzavo mudenga haachinji, zviri zvakanaka. Asi pamwe nokuwedzera wevasungwa pakati pavo kunoitika nemhepo yakasviba. Uye magasi aya chaizvoizvo nomuchetura hwedu.

Kana vanhu vachida kuchengetedza utano hwavo, kudzivirira mhepo kusvibiswa kunokosha.

Migumisiro zvachinja Zvinoumba mhepo

Kusvibiswa kwemhepo iri ngozi chokuti vanhu pane zvakasiyana-siyana neutachiona. Maererano vanachiremba, chisimbwa kakawanda kunokonzerwa chokuti masoja womunhu gadziriro havagoni kuziva chakaita zvokugadzirwa makemikari wakasika kwete pachisikirwo asi murume. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira mhepo yakachena inoita basa rinokosha iri kudzivirira sema zvirwere muvanhu.

Gore negore pane rakakura uwandu itsva makemikoro. Yochinja anoumba chadenga mumaguta makuru, apo somugumisiro vakawanda vanhu chirwere zvirwere zvokufema. Hazvishamisi kuti pamusoro maindasitiri nzvimbo dzinenge nguva dzose akarembera hunokachidza gore smog.

Kunyange yakafukidzwa chando uye asingauyi inogarwa Antarctica haana akaramba kure muitiro yakasviba. Hazvishamisi, nokuti mhepo - kupfuura Mobile ose akaturikidzana Pasi. A kufamba mhepo havagoni kumisa chero miganhu pakati inoti kana neeSultan gomo kana mumakungwa.

manyuko kusvibisa

Thermal simba zvinomera, metallurgia uye makemikari zvirimwa ndiwo mukuru mhepo Zvinosvibisa. Kuputa kubva emakambani pombi akadaro chakatasanurwa pamusoro refu nemhepo, zvichiita kuti kupararira Zvinosvibisa dzimwe makumi makiromita kubva kupi.

For maguta makuru vanoonekwa ne kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa, umo zviuru idling motokari inoyerera injini. Pedza magasi ane carbon monoxide, senitrogen oxides, kukwana combustion peturu uye particulate nyaya. Mumwe nomumwe wavo yazvo nenzira ngozi kuutano.

Carbon monoxide kuzvirega zvichikanganisa muviri okisijeni nemushonga, hunokonzera kusembura mumwoyo uye vascular zvirwere. The nezvimedu hwakasimba kupinda mumapapu uye iiswe navo, kuva chikonzero asima, sema zvirwere. Mahydrocarbon uye senitrogen monoxide mune Kuparadzwa ari ozone rukoko uye kukonzera photochemical smog mumaguta.

Aizoita mukuru uye anotyisa

Wokutanga chiratidzo chakakomba chinoda kuchengetedzwa kubva nemhepo yakasviba, razova "smog guru" muna 1952 muLondon. Somugumisiro, kurega kunotanga paguta bvungapfunga uye nesarufa yakasviba kuumbwa panguva combustion kuti marasha muna fireplaces, chafariz simba zvinomera uye bhaira miti, guta guru United Kingdom kwamazuva matatu kudzipwa nokushayiwa okisijeni.

Smog vawirwa vaiva vanhu vanenge 4 zviuru, uye mumwe zviuru 100 vaiva exacerbation zvirwere zviri kufema uye zvemwoyo nehurongwa. Uye kokutanga chirwirangwe vakatanga kutaura zvinodiwa kuti mhepo kuchengetedzwa muguta.

Zvakaguma kuitwa muna 1956 mutemo "Wakachena Air", wairambidza zimbe romoto. Sezvo munyika dzakawanda, mhepo dziviriro kubva zvinosvibisa ari mumutemo.

Russian mutemo pamusoro mhepo dziviriro

MuRussia, huru pamutemo chiito mumunda uyu Federal Mutemo "On Air Protection".

Vakagadzika mhepo unhu mitemo (Utsanana uye iine utsanana) uye achine mitemo. Mutemo unorayira mamiriro kunyoresa kusvibisa uye zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye kudiwa rinokosha mvumo nokuda choutsi dzavo. Production uye kushandisa mafuta zvinogoneka chete kana mafuta ari mumhepo makachengeteka advertising.

Kana mwero ngozi kumunhu uye hunhu haina yakaiswa, kusunungurwa kwakadaro zvinhu mumhepo hakubvumidzwi. The mabasa zveupfumi masangano kuti havana hurongwa rokuchenesa chiutsi magasi uye masimba enyika. Vehicles zvinopfuura wevasungwa kuti ngozi zvinhu zviri choutsi arege kushandiswa.

musi Air Protection Act uyewo hwakagara mabasa vomuUmambo uye mabhizimisi. Nokuti akabuda zvinokuvadza mumhepo zvinopfuura aivapo dzemunharaunda, vari nomutemo uye mari. Panyaya iyi, kuripwa fines hakuiti asingachaiti musengwa kumisa dongo gasi yokuzvinatsa hurongwa.

Chinonyanya "tsvina" guta muRussia

Events ari mhepo chinodzivirira kukosha nemisha avo kuti Russia zvikamu mazita mumaguta pamwe zvikuru kwazvo ezvinhu zvemhoteredzo, kusanganisira pasi kusvibisa mhepo. It Azov, Achinsk, Barnaul, Beloyarsk, Blagoveshchensk, Bratsk, Volgograd, Volzhsky, Dzerzhinsk, Ekaterinburg, Winter, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, kuKurgan, Kyzyl, Lesosibirsk, Magnitogorsk, Minusinsk, Moscow, Naberezhnye Chelny, Neryungri, Nizhnekamsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Novokuznetsk , Novocherkassk, Norilsk, Rostov-on-Don, Selenginsk, Solikamsk, Stavropol, Sterlitamak, Tver, Ussuriysk, Chernogorsk Chita, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Dzivirirai kusvibiswa mhepo guta

Air Guard muguta vanofanira kutanga kuchaitwa kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa, kunyanya panguva nhokwe maawa. Naizvozvo vari kuvaka interchanges kudzivisa vakamira motokari zviedza, akasuma imwe-nzira motokari iri dzakafanana mumigwagwa, uye vamwe. Kuti tizvidzore nhamba motokari akavaka yokunzvenga nzira apfuura maguta. Mumaguta akawanda makuru, pane mazuva rugare kana nechepakati mumatunhu vanobvumirwa kufamba chete mabhazi uye pasiri motokari yakanakisisa chakasara mugaraji.

Munyika dzokuEurope dzakadai Holland, Denmark, Lithuania, zvakanakisisa maonero vagari vemo vanotenda bhasikoro dzomumaguta senga. Hazvina mari, kunoda hapana huni, usingasii kusvibisa mhepo. Uye haana kutya kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa. Uye tinobatsirwa zvidzidzo kuchovha chinopa mamwe ndinoiitawo.

Asi mhepo unhu mumaguta munzvimbo kunobva kwete chokufambisa. Industrial emakambani takashongedzerwa pamwe mhepo yokunatswa hurongwa tichingotarisira kuva yakasviba zvichiongororwa. Smokestacks vari kuedza kuita yepamusoro utsi akaparadza kwete muguta, uye akatakurirwa mberi. Izvi hazvirevi kugadzirisa dambudziko rose, asi kuti kuderedza wevasungwa kuti ngozi zvinhu zviri mumhepo. Tiine chinangwa ichocho, izvozvo hakubvumidzwi kuvakwa akaitwa matsva "tsvina" mumaguta makuru.

Izvi zvinogona kunzi palliative. Uye ichi chiyero - ndiko kutanga asiri tsvina michina, umo pasina nzvimbo Chizvarwa tsvina.

Fire kuzvidzora

Vanhu vazhinji rangarira muzhizha ra2010, apo maguta mazhinji Central Russia vakanga vakatapwa smog nokupisa peat. Vagari zvimwe misha akatozotamiswa, kwete chete nokuda nezvengozi moto, asiwo nokuda nharaunda simba utsi. Naizvozvo, mhepo kudzivirirwa matanho zvinofanira kusanganisira kudzivirira uye kudzora masango uye peat moto, zvose zvakasikwa ratinoona Zvinosvibisa.

pamwe dzakawanda

mhepo kudzivirira kusvibiswa - hazvisi chete Russia kana zvimwe nyika ipi chete. Zvechokwadi, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, mhepo kufamba asingadi kuziva mamiriro miganhu. Naizvozvo, kungoti chinokosha pamwe dzakawanda.

The chikuru murongi mudare mabasa kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza chezvawanyora United Nations. The UN General Assembly rinorondedzera chikuru zvataurwa kwezvakatipoteredza mutemo, nenhungamiro ukama pakati kunyika iri mamiriro. Chine musangano dzakawanda pamusoro chakasimba zvezvakatipoteredza, anoita vanorumbidza dziviriro zvakasikwa, kusanganisira zviyero kuchengetedza mhepo. Zvinobatsira kukura pamwe nyika dzakawanda munyika kuti ndichengetedze zvakatipoteredza.

Kuti United Nations akatanga akasaina multilateral chibvumirano pamusoro mhepo dziviriro, ozone rukoko kudzivirirwa uye nemamwe magwaro akawanda kwezvakatipoteredza zvakanaka zvenyika. Nokuti ikozvino, vose anoziva - Nyika ane zvachose, uye mhepo iri mumwe.