"Admiral Nakhimov" (ngarawa): mazuvaano

Chinonyanya ano makuru-kukwanisa zvikepe Russian Navy muna 2018 kuva ngarawa "Admiral Nakhimov". Upgrading chakatanga muna 2014 uye kuchapedza makore mana, maererano nepurani. Ipapo vachauya dzoro mumwe muchikepe - "Petra Velikogo", iro flagship of Federation Council, iyo yakavakwa pamusoro chete chirongwa, "Orlan» № 11442. Hofori idzi dzingava pabasa kure wadzo Mahombekombe kungotaurwa kuvapo uto chero chikamu mumakungwa. Kuumba kurwa wengarava dzakabatana achitevedza Soviet muchiuto dzidziso yokutanga yezana 80-ies wekupedzisira remakore, havana mutengo mamiriro bhajeti of Soviet Union ari kumativi Nemutengo (pane akanga raparurwa mana), uye ikozvino zvakafanira kuti zvakanaka dzokurasa nhaka. Zvinokoshawo kuti kufungidzira mwero pakubhadhara izvi ngarava uye zvavo zvichiita kunyatsoshanda pakuparwa kurwisana nezvombo.

utility

Kubva macroeconomic nemaonero, zvose mari yaifanira maererano chaiwo kwokugamuchirwa. Hurumende, iyo isina mukana kudzivirira zvavanoda pasi pose, akasungwa kuna peripheral zvinomera. Pasinei nokuwanda zvibvumirano dzakawanda, kuvapo dzakawanda supranational hurongwa kuti kudzora kuchengetwa nemitemo isingachinji, kakawanda kacho, simba zvehondo nyika vanoshandisa mhepo simba, nezvikepe uye ivhu nemauto, nokuputsa ose akanyorwa uye sanyorwa mitemo kuitira remunharaunda kutonga kwayo. Pane UN Security Council chisarudzo - wakanaka, asi kana isina kugamuchira, ivo "tsvimbo guru" inogara yakagadzirwa. Kuti tidzivise kutyisidzira ichi mhando, uye pane hombe yenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura se "Admiral Nakhimov". Ngarawa rakagadzirirwa kupa kavha simba ari dzechikwata rose kuita mabasa kure zvikuru. Mumutauro muchiuto, ichi anonzi "kudzikamisa". Chaizvoizvo, izvi ndizvo chinoumba Naval chikepe kubatana, hapana mukana kubatsirwa nokuda kwavo noushamwari kana kumahombekombe nezvigadziko nokuda guru deletion uye pasi kutyiswa utsinye zviito zvechiuto. Nuclear chombo ngarawa "Nahimov Admiral" zvinofanirwa kukwanisa kuratidza yepakutanga "amburera" rinoumbwa zvinoreva mhepo, chombo, kana zvimwe dzinorwisana gadziriro zvingakusembura kurwisa, uye kana yokushayiwa - yakarova shure kwaiparadza nokurova.

chikepe akitekicha rwokugadzira "namano"

Mukutanga eighties reSoviet nemauto-maindasitiri kunzwisisa chaiva kukura indasitiri zvinosanganisira zviuru makambani uye kutsvakurudza masangano. Kubudirira mudzimba Developers kudzivirira gadziriro kupa norupo mari. Paaisika mhando itsva kufungawo kupfuura kuchangobva mberi mune Arms mumunda MIKA nyika - zvinogona vavengi. Muenzaniso chikepe "Admiral Nakhimov". The ngarawa yakavakwa panheyo yakaderera maonero kuti radar muviri wake. Anotaura superstructures vari kuumbwa sezvo mapiramidhi, iine ndege vachida, mumwe pemvura chikamu ane "akasungirwa" bead vane substantially zvakanaka pamakona. Kunyora Zvakarurama inokosha yemazuva ano hwakakwana fuma akapfeka chinhu kutaurira zita "varnish" uye asingauyi kwakasiyana zvatinosiita idenderedzwa mishumo warships, asi tine chinokosha rakasiyana chikabviswa wokudzidza mukuru-kakawanda nemwaranzi, kurerutsa chadzera yavo. Nyanzvi gakava sei zvinobudirira kuedza kupa duku radar siginicha chinhu mamita 250 pakureba, asi zviitiko yesayenzi mumunda uyu vane ukoshi mavari, tichitarisa zvimwe dzavo kushandiswa. Zvechokwadi, saka ngarava yakakura havagoni chete kuona pamusoro radar chidzitiro, asiwo Satellite, tisingatauri ushori ndege. "Namano" zvemichina ane chokuita zvichibvira anotsausa Anti-chombo nhungamiro dzakabatana. "Spot" kudzvokora pamusoro chidzitiro kunova duku, kunze ngarawa anogona Project yokubata kumeso nenzira zvemagetsi nzira ABM.

mazuvaano mikana

Mumakore anoda kusvika matatu emakore anenge ose hwokugadzira zvinoreva uye muchikepe zvombo hurongwa vari yakatopfuura, uye ikozvino chete muviri huru, vakapakata simba renyukireya nesimba chirimwa, zvinokosha kuti rengarava. Zvisinei, mari iyi "chikuva" ndechokuti havafaniri kuchengetwa. Muenzaniso kuchenjerera mafungiro kuna dzinodhura zvinhu chikamu anogona kuva US Navy. guru-kukwanisa US zvikepe zvose pakutanga akavaka kufungisisa zvichibvira upgrades kabelkanaly zvitengeswa uye kuwedzera miganhu vari kunze kuitira kuti yokutsiva upi midziyo - panyaya ano zvakawanda - kwete dambudziko. Repair of ngarawa "Admiral Nakhimov", iro pamutemo akatanga muna 1998, akanonoka nokuda chokwadi kuti kwaidiwa kuti akawandisa zvakagadzirwa kuchinja kunodiwa kuti anobudirira mazuvaano. Tarka "kuKalinin" (pasi ichi zita chikepe yakavakwa muna 1983 uye akashanda kusvikira 1993) kugona kugutsa zvinhu gungwa hondo wechitatu chemakore. kugadzirisa Chirongwa paakatumwa pasi Northern Design Bureau (St. Petersburg), ayo elaboration vakamira 21 mwedzi. The Kunofungidzirwa mapepa airatidza kuti vanenge mabhiriyoni 2,8 rubles. Zvinofungirwa kuti mazuvaano yose kweareka mari makumi emabhiriyoni. Pakarepo paiva vatsoropodzi vanoti kuti mhando mari, unogona kuvaka shoma zviumbu itsva mukirasi "frigate" kana "Corvette" ane dzinosvika yakawanda yetsiva nezvaanogona. Opinion Zvechokwadi, ane kodzero iripo, asi chiedza zvikepe kirasi havasi yakagadzirwa kuita mabasa iro rakavakwa "Admiral Nakhimov". Ngarawa ane guru uchishandisa siyana, iri yakareba kupfuura muparadzi, kana BOD, nokuti yose zvayo mazuvaano iri zvemari kwakarurama.

About the artist

Vafambisi - vanhu kwete kushinga chete, asiwo chaizvo mashura. Vanotsvaka chero chokumupomera kudzivisa tichisiya pachiteshi pazuva rechigumi nematatu, vanotenda zviratidzo zvakasiyana uye havadi mazita anotambudzika. Zvinosuruvarisa muchiitiko ichi, pane chikonzero chokunetseka.

Warrior ngarawa "Admiral Nakhimov" akaiswa pasi wake vashandi kudzivisa kubatwa kwake vokuJapan 1905 panguva Hondo Tsushima. Vafambisi vakarwa heroically yakanyura akawanda vaparadzi muvengi zvikuru dzaparadzwa ari ngarawa "Iwate" uye asingauyi kushoora kubwinya Russian romugungwa. "Varyag", uyo akaurayiwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, zita rayo anotyisa akataura ngarava ano.

Hainyanyi kuzivikanwa ndiro njodzi mumwe "Nakhimov" - kutengeserana steamship vanhu ROPIT kuti akanyura Turkish pamhenderekedzo muna 1897 munguva dutu guru.

Muna 1941, panguva umhare kudzivirira Sevastopol, ari Luftwaffe akanga yakanyura chikepe "Red Ukraine", kare (pamberi Civil War), yainzi "Admiral Nakhimov". Ngarawa pai, une muzvizhinji kuti yakabvooka.

Muna 1960 iye abviswa BSF mumwe chikepe, nezita yakakurumbira wengarava wavarwi. History yachinja risingazivikanwi: chombo ngarawa waiva nemakore gumi chete, uye hakuna kufungidzira kuti aimbodzidza zvinokonzerwa pamusoro muviri pemvura chinozunguzirwa kunobva pakuputika yenyukireya.

Muna 1973, akanyura mumwe "Admiral Nakhimov". Pokuwa tsvakurudzo mudziyo chakaitika, ndezvokuti, mune nzvimbo huru Russian wengarava mukuru akaita chimwe chake kupfuura kupenya Kukunda - in Bay Tsemess. The chikepe pakarepo nechando uye aenda kune pasi chaipo chengarava.

Nokuda mukukuvara kukuru awana kudhumhana chete yepasi pemvura yakanga decommissioned hombe Anti-yepasi pemvura chikepe "Admiral Nakhimov". Ngarawa (Tsushima), tsvakurudzo mudziyo (kuoma nechando Bay), mumwe ngarawa (Sevastopol), mushambadzi steamship (kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo Turkey), Kazakhstan (50 chete kubva pamhenderekedzo yokumaodzanyemba Crimea), - kuti martyrology ichi zvisingaiti kwete kuwedzera mumwe yakaipisisa mugungwa njodzi pamusoro zvose kutumirwa kare. Rakanga wakapindwa nhumbi chikepe "Peter Vasev" uye chikepe panguva nezvekutanga nezita "Berlin". Muna 1986, ngarava hombe vaviri vasingagoni kurasikirwa mumwe muna Novorossiysk Tsemess bay. Mushure mukuwana mukombe "Berlin" ainzi "Admiral Nakhimov". Njodzi aiti upenyu mazana vanhu uye vashandi nhengo.

Sei usina kudavira munyama kuronda rombo rakaipa zita?

Asi, nei "Nakhimov"?

Pamusoro hariumbi tsaona Zvikamu zvakavanzika nokuti mamaneja vari kukonzera kusarudza muchikepe zita. Uye kana chisarudzo, pasinei yakadaro Nhamba zvinosuruvarisa, achiri kugamuchirwa, pane chikonzero chakanaka ichi. Uyezve, uwane uye asingasaruri pachisara tinogona kugumisa kuti warships vaipfeka zita yakakurumbira wengarava mukuru, vakawanda vavo vakakodzera ndangariro dzakanaka, uye kutapwa kwavo vanodada nyika yake yaakaberekerwa uye ayo navanakomana voumhare. Warrior ngarawa "Admiral Nakhimov" yakadzokorora pamwe ake vashandi Feat vanozvikudza "Varyag", iri 41st mumwe chikepe akarwa muvengi wokupedzisira nevamwe.

Rufu haagoni kunzi netsaona kana musoro, zvakanga umhare.

Kana mamwe maviri zviitiko, kushaya kubva rengarava kwakaitika pasina kurasikirwa upenyu, mune simba majeure ezvinhu kana murayiro.

Admiral

Pavel Stepanovich Nahimov akaenda zvose nenzira Russian mukuru, akatanga basa rake somunhu wengarava chikoro kadheti uye tikaita umhare rufu kubvira mabara muvengi pamusoro nhare Sevastopol chete Admiral kuti epaulettes pamafudzi. Pazera remakore gumi aiva refu rwendo kune mhenderekedzo muDenmark uye Sweden, vachiwana chinzvimbo warandi mukuru, akagadzwa muna 2nd wengarava chakazara Petersburg chengarava (1818). Muna 1822 akanga paakavapa murayiro St. Vladimir IV mwero kuitawo circumnavigation. Akarayira bhatiri uriri pamusoro ngarawa "Azov" panguva Hondo Navarino uye kunozivikanwa frigate "Pallada", aumba chikamu dzechikwata kuti F. F. Bellinsgauzena. The Black Sea Fleet ashumira kubva 1834, akarayira yehondo "neSilistra". Akatora chikamu pakuvhiya kuCaucasus, yaakanga paakavapa murayiro St. Vladimir III dhigirii. Muna October 1852 iye kwaitsigirwa kuna Vice Admiral.

Umhare Sevastopol the saga akafanirwa vakaparadzana mashoko. High unhu wengarava wavarwi akazviratidza kwaari kupfuura zvakajeka. Ndangariro dzakadaro murume akakodzera kupiwa zita rake akapfeka kupfuura simba uye ano zvinoita zvokukandwa ngarawa. Admiral Nakhimov - Russian gamba renyika.

Tanga upgrading

Mushure wokupedzisira mvumo uye kugamuchirwa zviri michina mapepa akanga dzoro chiito chaicho. Kutanga unofanira kusunungura chikepe kubva yose consignment michina dzakamirira nyora-kure uye kwetsvina. basa iri, kunyange nguva-pakuzadza, asi hunogutsa. A chinokosha chikamu mutengo nemabasa ari mazuvaano achapiwa zvaizopedza ndeyokuwana chaunga chikuru chinokosha simbi. Nuclear ngarawa "Admiral Nahimov" kwava kunobva yechipiri pfuma zvachose kurema matani 878, iyo 644 - ferrous (simbi), aruminiyamu uye mhangura alloys (168 m), uye yakapambadzirwa Stainless simbi rurefu kabhoni kugutsikana (66 m). Uyezve, Utilisation musoro uye simbi dzinokosha huri yemagetsi uye zvemagetsi michina. On nedanho disassembly uye Sorting vakapedza anokwana 20 mln., Ndiwo chaizvo isingasviki achikanganisa zvinhu.

Kuwedzera utilitarian tsika, muitiro dismantling ose zvisingakoshi michina uye nezverimwe chinangwa: kunonyanyisa rokuyamura chivako kuderedza kunonaya kwayo. Yakakura kudaro flotation mudziyo hakusi nyore kuitira kuti ingapwa muna Dock (caisson) - ichi zvinoda pontoons, vasiyana muviri (pane matanhatu). Vaviri vavo vakagadzirira, vakaunganidza yokugadzirisa mutakuri ndege "Vikramaditya", kare akawana India. Kubatsira akagamuchira panguva aurayiwe murayiro uyu ruzivo. Kugadzirwa pontoons, yokuedzwa dzavo uye asunga waida zvose nguva uye zvinhu mari. Pari, ngarawa yenyukireya "Admiral Nahimov" mukati dhoku, iyo casing wobudiswa zvose okushamisira mafuta renyukireya vakabviswa reactor. Mazuvaano akatanga.

mazuvaano zvinangwa

The chikuru Chinangwa ndechokuti kupa mabasa anokosha pamusoro kuhondo zviumbu of Northern Fleet kuchiva yetsiva kushanda. Izvi zvinoda kwete chete yokutsiva rakazara zvisingachashandi kubvira 1980 midziyo uye nezvombo hurongwa, asiwo nechokwadi mukana kwohumwe mazuvaano maererano zvinodiwa emakore kuuya. Electronic zvokushandisa, zvombo uye kuzvidzora nehurongwa havachavimbi kushanda nokukurumidza zvakakwana, uye haafaniri kudzokorora zvikanganiso vagadziri, vavaki iri eighties ari ngarawa "Admiral Nakhimov". Mazuvaano, hakudzivisiki makore mashomanana, vanofanira kumbotambudzika zvishoma kurwadza uye isingadhuri zvikuru kudzora.

Zvikuru unoparadza nguva-mabasa ari Sevmash Vavaki vengarava, rinowanika munzvimbo yokutanga kutsiva vachida chombo silos takagadzirirwa 3M45 zvombo inoshanda zvivako UKSK 3S14 wehunyambiri kanda. Zvichida, kubva slanted zano zvakadaro musarasa (zvakawanda chirongwa vari akavanzwa), asi kumhanya harizonzi kuitwa kubva nemafashamo nzvimbo (iyi zvinosiyana kudiwa "nematende" mavambo isashanda 3M45). Total rangu rakanga 20, imwe nhamba pavo, uye vachasara, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo achapiwa riri rimwe modular maitiro pamwe zvombo mana. Uwandu Anti-zvombo kuchawedzera nguva zvina uye achava nhamba 80.

Chii vachava, zvazvinosarira zvokufungidzira ungangotarisa "neonikisi" kana "Turquoise". ngarawa sezvo "ndege inotakura muurayi" mukurumbira rinoratidza mukana yokusimbisa spetszaryadami wavanozvisunga zvombo (zvenyukireya). vazhinji rakadai zvombo ari zvombo "Nakhimova" zvinosiyana "aifarira kuva nevamwe" nzira chikumbiro. Funga kurwisa boka RCC kwakaoma zvisingaiti.

Kuwedzera huru bhatiri, Tarka vanotarisirwa kuti aine subsonic nzira 3M14 aida kuti pano kumahombekombe kushungurudza. Anti-yepasi pemvura vashandi kuchaita kuitisa yakaoma "Pack-NK" (zvinobvira kuti chikamu maoko kusiya zvakanaka nekusimba uye yechinyakare "mapopoma-NK"). Reactive mumaturi RBU-6000 kutsiva "boas 1", vanokwanisa anonunura kudzivirirwa pakurwisa Avangard.

Mhepo kudzivirira

Kungava kuchenjera kuti kudavira kuti Bureau "Sevmash" regai hanya sei kudzivirira zvichibvira kurwisa ndege uye zvombo sechinhu chikuru gungwa kupfura se "Admiral Nakhimov". Ngarawa, pasinei zvose zvokurarama aishanda kuitira pakavanda zvayo, kusiyirira chaizvo chinhu, uye kana reuto kunetsana vaizongoguma kuva kupfura muvengi Anti-hurongwa. Kare, basa Kufungisisa akasarudza mhepo kurwisa SAM "Fort" C-300F wakanaka chaizvo, asi vanofanira kuva chakachinja maonero dzamatunhu Mari yaidiwa kuvaka yaro kukosha kwenguva refu. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti onboard VOP dzifambirane marongerwe pazasi uriri PU pedyo Zano uye zvinoitwa pasi yakaoma S-500. Vane mhando porous, kwete wokurarama sakare, uye, nokuda kwayo mukuru compactness, vachada (ari zvombo kuti Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa richava shoma zana). Imwe mhando Chokwadi, hakusi pakunogumira. Uyewo C-500, kudzora denga pamusoro chikepe-mutungamiri uye ake "boka racho" rinotarisirwa atirari chombo yakaoma "Carapace-M." Zvisinei, mashoko acho akazara utungamiri wengarava, nezvikonzero pachena, haritauri.

General zvechadenga chikepe uye ayo tarisiro

Pachaunga leaked mashoko mumwe mazuvaano vachatongerwa propulsion ezvinhu kusanganisira kuva reactor yenyukireya, asi, sokuti, mashoko STRUCTURAL kuchinja vasina echimurenga hunhu. Kuvandudza zvakanaka - chete nokupamba, saka funga nyanzvi zvechiuto. "Admiral Nakhimov" - mumwe ngarawa, uye saka chokupika unhu izvo vanoonekwa nemamwe wayo kutyaira waivako iri unmatched. At zvizere misha vanopfuura 26,000 matani uye kureba 251 metres, ine simba chirimwa, simba iro (100 MW) vaizova zvakakwana nesimba Vagari kota vagari miriyoni guta racho. Kuwedzera renyukireya reactor mudziyo ane wandisa boilers maviri. Kutama ake (sezvo vafambisi vanodana mwero) - 32 nokusunungura mapfundo. Cruising chikuva parinogumira, azere kuzvionera mwedzi miviri. The vashandi ine 630 vezvikepe uye machinda mudiki vakuru uye mazana vatariri.

Kana chikepe vachadzoka nokushanda of Northern Fleet? Maererano urongwa zvinofanira kuitika muna 2018. Zvichida pachava nevamwe matambudziko asingatarisirwi, izvo vatiitire upgrades akawanda. Asi vaizongoguma kuuya munyanza - yoku- ngarawa "Admiral Nakhimov". Photo yake inobudiswa periodicals, achafara shamwari nyika yedu uye chinowanzoitika kuvhiringidza vavengi ayo. Uye kwete photo ...