Administration zvinodhaka: nzira. Administration zvinodhaka nenzira dzakasiyana: zvakanakira nekuipira

Kuchirapa mushonga mumuviri vanowiswa nenzira dzakasiyana. Nzira zvinodhaka Kutarisirwa exchange kwatemwa kuchirapa zvazviri, ayo zvakaoma uye refu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, tsika umo zvinodhaka vakapinda muviri kunoenderana hunhu nezviito zvake, uye saka kupora yedu. Kune akawanda zvinokosha nzira kuti mukanwa vaitarira zvinodhaka, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zvayakanakira ayo nezvayakaipira. Usati tione nzira chourongwa vakasarudzwa, unofanira kuziva chaizvoizvo chii muchimiro mishonga zviripo.

The chikuru mhando zvinodhaka

Asati nokududza nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka mumuviri, unofanira kuziva kuti zvinodhaka mhando iriko, uye vazhinji:

• Solutions - imvura chimiro zvinodhaka. Dzinomirira zvinodhaka fuma rakasanganiswa nemvura, doro, glycerine kana zvimwe solvent. Asi zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti unhu uye unspoiled mhinduro inofanira kuva pachena, hapana madhaka emadhaka kana nezvimedu dzavatorwa. Aitwe zvose parenteral uye enteral yaitonga.
• Decoctions uye infusions - mari aya kugadzirira kubva mumiti. Asi zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti havana akachengetwa kwenguva refu, vanopfuura 3 mazuva asiri inotonhorera, anodzivirira kubva chezuva.
• Mahwendefa - yakasimba chimiro kugadzirira zviri vakawana nokutsikirira. Zvikurukuru, ivo vanobviswa nemuromo asi anogona uye yokunze nzira hwokuti zvinodhaka kana Vanopwanyirwa kuva upfu.

• Dragee - nderimwe siyana zvokufonongonwa siyana somushonga nevasori, izvo zvinosikwa kuburikidza laminating pamusoro granule zvaiva zvinhu. Kushandiswa nomumukanwa yaitonga.
• Capsules - chakasimba chimiro chinodhaka, hwendefa zvinenge zvakazara ine goko pamusoro gelatin kana zvimwe zvinhu. Kazhinji, mushonga akanyudzwa capsules ane shungu kuravidza kana maitiro kunhuwa yakafanira goko akwanise negashiro nzira idzi kwazvo. Uyezve, zvinoita here kuti kudzivirira mashoko kubva pakuparadzwa nokukurumidza mune zvomudumbu turakiti.
• Makenduru - a chipimo chemushonga chimiro chinodhaka, izvo panguva mukamuri tembiricha iri hwakasimba chimiro, asi unonyauka mukati mumuviri womunhu. Kana tikafunga rokutarisira medicaments, nenzira makenduru emit mhando mbiri - a rectal uye kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi.
• Varinamire - a mapurasitiki chimiro zvinoreva kuti pasi pokudzora tembiricha muviri kupfaviswa uye nyore inoomerera ganda. Akakodzera kwokunze kushandisa chete.
• Ekuzora - Achishandisa viscous kusachinja-chinja, rinoshandiswa kureva Outdoor mafomu. Vanofanira ane mu sezvamunoita ayo anenge 25% nezvishoma.

Kune nzira dzakawanda kwokubatsira zvinodhaka, tikanyatsoongorora mumwe nomumwe wavo.

Mhando enteral

Enteral nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka anonzi imwe yenzvimbo nyore uye akachengeteka. Kune subspecies dzakawanda nzira: nemumuromo, sublingual, rectal.

1. Oral Kutarisirwa zvinodhaka, mune mamwe mazwi, ingestion - ichi ndechimwe nyore dzokudzidzisa, izvo Ndokusaka kakawanda ushandiswe navanachiremba vazhinji. Absorção de Água zvinodhaka, vakagamuchira iyi nzira, ari kunyanya nokuda diffusion ari ura duku, mu zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko - mudumbu. Application nezvinozoitika kuoneka pashure maminitsi 30-40. Ichi ndicho chikonzero pakaita nzira kwakadaro hakusi akakodzera. Kumhanya uye kukwana Absorção de Água kuvimba kudya, ayo akafanana uye uwandu. Saka, kana munhu mushonga anwe usina chawadya, Absorção de Água inowedzerwa simba pezvingoro, sezvo acidity mudumbu yakaderera, asi asidhi wefodya nani pashure ingestion. Asi pane zvimwe zvinodhaka, zvakadai se "karusiyamu chloride" izvo anopinda muviri mushure ingestion, anogona kuumba insoluble karusiyamu munyu, izvo ichikutadzisa mukana Absorção de Água yavo ropa.

2. Imwe nzira nyore uye anobudirira enteral kwokubatsira zvinodhaka - sublingual. The mushonga anoiswa pasi rurimi, nemhaka hombe richikurukura capillaries vari mucosa, zvinonzi ozeyewa nokukurumidza chaizvo. Kuvhiringidzwa kunoitika mukati maminitsi mashoma. Nzira iyi chourongwa kakawanda kushandiswa kushandisa "nitroglycerin" angina "clonidine" uye "Nifedipine" nokuti kubvisa chirwere cheBP dambudziko.

3. rectal nzira haisi kushandiswa kakawanda. Kumboda rinoshandiswa kana murwere ane gastrointestinal chirwere, kana kana afenda.

Enteral Kutarisirwa: zvakanakira nekuipira

nzira dzose uye achishandisa zvinodhaka kutarisira vane zvavo zvakanaka, ivo vane enteral vane:

• Simplicity uye nyore.
• Akasununguka.
• The hama chengetedzo kuti murwere.
• Zvinoda kuva kusabereka zvichiongororwa nokuda navanachiremba.
• Mukana yokurapa-refu.
• Nyaradzo murwere.

Asi kunewo zvazvakashatira enteral nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka:

• Kuvhiringidzwa anononoka.
• Low bioavailability.
• Siyana nokukurumidza uye kukwana Absorção de Água.
• Zvazvakaita youpfu nezvimwe zvinoriumba pamusoro kubvisa kwacho.
• Kusakwanisa kushandisa nevarwere vachingotya kufenda.
• Hazvina kunaka kushandisa varwere vane zvirwere mudumbu uye ura.

Marudzi parenteral kwokubatsira zvinodhaka

The parenteral nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka inosanganisira kwokubatsira zvinodhaka pasina chokuita muitiro womunhu zvomudumbu hurongwa. Inogona kukamurwa marudzi anoverengeka.

The jira:

• Intradermally - nzira iyi kazhinji kushandiswa chirwere zvinangwa, somuenzaniso kuti chisimbwa nekuongororwa Burne kana kuti dzemunharaunda yokutindivadza.
• SC - kushandiswa kana uchida kuwana kunonyanyisa mugumisiro zvinodhaka. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuti subcutaneous mafuta rukoko inopiwa ane tsime midziyo, uye kunosimudzirawo nokukurumidza Absorção de Água.
• Intramuscularly - rinoshandiswa kana subcutaneous jekiseni kunokonzera kutsamwa kana kurwadziwa, uyewo zvinodhaka pachayo nezvishoma kunyura.

• Intraosseous - nzira iri kushandiswa Kazhinji kazhinji vane akakura kutsva kuzviremadza deformation kana dzimwe nzira haagoni ingashandiswa.

Kana uine kuti zvinodhaka kutarisira nzira kuburikidza midziyo ndeinotevera:

• IV - nzira iri kushandiswa yokusuma vakawanda zvinodhaka uye zvimwe zvinodhaka kuti vane chinodiwa yakadaro kushandiswa.

• Intraarterially - kushandisa panguva chinouraya ezvinhu, izvo zvinokonzerwa ndisingafungiri, hombe kurasikirwa neropa, asphyxia, electrocution kunotevera, kudhaka uye zvirwere.
• The nhengo dzinobudisa midziyo - nzira iyi inoshandiswa kugadzira mushonga rega kuwira chiropa uye itsvo, kuti vabatsire mwana yakarurama Hits kune nzvimbo chirwere yatanga.

Hazvina nguva yakatinakira intravascular kwokubatsira zvinodhaka, anogona kutungamirira nzira uye kubudikidza mhango:

• Pleural.
• Abdominal.
• Heart.
• Articular.

Parenteral Kutarisirwa: zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Parenteral Kutarisirwa ane dzakawanda zvakwakanakira:

• Nzira Izvi zvinoita kuzozivisa mushonga yokunzvenga zvomudumbu turakiti, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti varwere zvakakomba pathologies mudumbu.
• Speed chiito kunodiwa panjodzi.
• The kunonyanyisa dosing zvakarurama.
• Kutambirwa zvinodhaka kupinda muropa iri kuchinja chimiro.

The parenteral Pamigwagwa kwokubatsira medicaments ane payakaipira dzakawanda:

• Fanira mushonga kunofanira kutarisirwa akarovedzwa nachiremba.
• Kunodiwa kuti zvinoenderana aseptic uye akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona.
• Kuomerwa uye kutungamirira zvinodhaka kunyange zvisingabviri ropa, maronda ganda panguva jekiseni nzvimbo.

inhalation

Inhaled nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka zvinogona kushandiswa pakurapa aerosols, magasi (kugadzikana antiseptics) uye Nezvakakuyiwa (sodium cromoglycate). With nzira iyi chourongwa zvinodhaka kuti mukati nokukurumidza uye nesimba ravo kuchirapa migumisiro. Uyezve, zviri nyore basa mumiriri wevasungwa muropa - kumira inhalation kunotungamirira kuti kuturika zvinodhaka. With inhalation aerosol wevasungwa zvinoreva zviri principales dzakakwirira kwazvo usingashandi systemic kushanda.

Asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti zvisinei sei inhalation kuti vabudirire, hazvina haabvumiri kushandisa irritants. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti inhaled zvinodhaka vanogona kufurira vamwe (semuenzaniso, yokutindivadza).

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira ose inhalation

Tiri kuramba kufunga nzira zvinodhaka kutarisira. Zvakanakira nekuipira nzira uye inhalation. inhalation pluses:

• It anoshanda zvakananga nzvimbo zvokurwara.
• The mushonga rinokwanisa kusvika nyore kune nzvimbo kuzvimba, chiropa rinopfuura unaltered chinokonzera ayo wevasungwa zvikuru muropa.

inhalation nezvayakaipira:

• Kana kukanganiswa zvikuru Árbol patency, mushonga chinopinda havaratidzi kupinda chirwere nzvimbo.
• The Formulations anogona kugumbura mhino, muromo wacho uye pahuro.

The chikuru nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka vaiona, asi pane vamwe vari zvakare dzimwe nguva vanogona kuva inokosha.

Rectal, kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi uye urethral pakutengeserana chourongwa

Kana isu neiko rectal nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka haadzokorori Kutarisirwa, zvinokwanisika kutaura chaizvo zvakakonzerwa nzira wokutanga kunoitika zvikuru nokukurumidza. The mushonga yava kunyura kupinda muropa asina kuparadzwa panguva imwecheteyo pasi Zvakaitwa makemikari ari zvomudumbu turakiti uye chiropa.

Rectal suppositories raitongwa kupinda mumuviri, mafuta okuzora, uye nezvimwe kugadzirira, kare pulverized uye rakasanganiswa, nguva ino enemas. Asi zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti mhinduro akasuma rectally, huchaita nokukurumidza zvikuru kudarika kenduru. Musha enemas nokuti mukuru ari 50 Rine mamiririta kuti 100, uye vana - kubva 10 kusvika Rine mamiririta 30. Asi nzira iyi zvinodhaka Kutarisirwa pane payakaipira:

• Asinganyatsoita kushanda.
• Special zvazvingava nokufamba uye mufananidzo zvakakwana kubvisa.

Ndokusaka rectal nzira chourongwa inokurudzirwa chete zviitiko apo nemumuromo Kutarisirwa kunzwisisa kana uchifanira yakarova mushonga nokukurumidza kupinda muropa uye kuita majekiseni vari contraindicated nokuda kwechikonzero kana mumwe.

Kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi uye urethral nzira kubvumira yokusuma chero fomu gadziriro. Zvisinei, zvose nzira kupa migumisiro yakanakisisa kana rikashandiswa kuti mishonga noutachiona nhengo idzi kana kuti chirwere, Somuenzaniso nokuda kwokubatsira kusiyana nevasori, akadai "yodamid" "Triombrast" uye vamwe.

Spinal uye intracranial nzira chourongwa

Mune zvisingawanzoitiki chaizvo nyaya vanoshandisa intracranial uye musana (suboccipital, subarachnoid, subdural, etc.) jekiseni. Izvi imhaka zvikuru chokuti nzira dzakadaro kuzozivisa mushonga inofanira chete vanokodzera. nzira dzakadaro zvinoda kushandiswa chete chena, zvachose segirazi wechokwadi aqueous mhinduro ine kwazvakarerekera maitiro. The chiito anouya kutsanya.

Transdermal kuchirapa hurongwa

Munguva ichangopfuura mune zvinodhaka nenzira itsva chimiro. Transdermal kuchirapa hurongwa (TTS) - mumwe wavo. Vane simba, chipimo chemushonga chimiro chakatorwa kuti kwokunze chikumbiro kuna anonoke kusunungurwa zvinodhaka fuma. Modern TTC - firimu iri, uye makwapa akasvibirika dzakaitwa vachishandisa unyanzvi zvemichina uye nyore chaizvo kushandisa: yacho chigamba vakanamatira pamusoro ganda uye firimu akarara dama. Makavigwa chinokosha fuma wefodya unopinda muropa ganda kana mucosa.

vanachiremba vakawanda munyika vari mamwe makore achangopfuura uye zvakawanda Fungisisa ichangobva nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka. Zvakanakira nekuipira vane wose, kusanganisira uye TTC. Funga pluses:

• Mushonga ari kushanda nokukurumidza kumhanya.
• The mushonga anopinda ropa zvishoma nezvishoma pasina yokumbozorora, iyo rinobvumira mudanga azvipire nechigadziko zvinhu.
• Zvisingafadzi nezvekufadza havachafaniri chose, uyu unoshandawo retching, uye kurwadziwa kubva majekiseni.
• Kusavapo yakakwana nemigumisiro pamusoro chikamu zvomudumbu turakiti.
• Kuderedza kakawanda chisimbwa.
• Mukana nokukurumidza kurega zvinodhaka, kana pakarepo pane contraindication.
• Chaiwo chipimo chemushonga.
• Mukana kunongedzera chokuendesa kurapwa kuti zvandinenge chikamu muviri.

Mumwe nomumwe ari zvinorondedzerwa nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka ine zvayakanakira ayo nezvayakaipira. Asi zvisinei rakanaka sei aiva nzira, chinhu chikuru kuti kugadza chiremba, uye chinhu chinodiwa kuti kupfuura kunzwisisa uye kashoma modes chourongwa kuitwa zvikuru akadzidziswa munhu ari kurapwa jeri. Zvichengetedze, kuti hamuna kufunga, chii nzira anunure mushonga kupinda mumuviri.