Adipic acid. Properties uye Applications

Adipic asidhi (pane rimwe zita nokuti fuma - 1,4-butandikarbonovaya acid, kuti hurongwa zita - geksandiovaya acid) - iri vakaomerwa dicarboxylic acid. Rine zvinotevera makemikari payakavakirwa: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON uye kwakakomba payakavakirwa C6O4H10. Rine zvakafanana namakemikari ehupfumi sezvo carboxylic acid. Munyu siyana, dzakawanda dziri soluble mumvura (H2O). Esterified vari va- uye monkey. With glycols geksandiovaya asidhi siyana polyesters.

Properties ose adipic asidhi

1. uremu matadza ndiyo 146,1 giremu / mol.

2. Density pamusoro 1.36 magiramu / nhuta.

3. shoma solubility mu panyaya iyi, diethyl doro uye acetone.

4. Solubility mumvura (H2O) riri sezvinotevera: pa madhigirii 15 - 1.44 g pa 100 g mvura; 40 madhigirii - 5.12 d; panguva madhigirii 70 - 34,1 d

Thermal ehupfumi geksadiovoy asidhi

1. utsotso pfungwa iri 153 ° C.

2. manyowa tembiricha iri 210 - 240 ° C.

3. The Kubika pfungwa (pa 100mm HG) ndiyo 265 ° C.

4. decarboxylation tembiricha iri 300-320 ° C.

5. The enthalpy pamusoro combustion ndiyo -2800 KJ / mol.

6. utsotso enthalpy pamusoro 16.7 KJ / mol.

7. kwemvura enthalpy ndiyo 18.7 KJ / mol.

How kuwana adipic asidhi?

In indasitiri fuma iyi rakagadzirirwa chezvematongerwe mbiri-danho oxidation kuti cyclohexane. Chokutanga, musanganiswa cyclohexanol uye cyclohexanone, uko zvino dzakaparadzaniswa DISTILLATION. Naizvozvo cyclohexanone inoshandiswa kugadzira caprolactam, uye cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% simba HNO3 (nitric acid). With nzira iyi, adipic iine acid goho riri pamusoro-makumi mapfumbamwe nezvishanu kubva muzana.

Mumwe vaizotibata nzira achigadzirira adipic asidhi ndiyo hydrocarbonylation butadiene.

Ndezvipi zvimwe anoitwa kuwana carboxylic acids, zvakadai adipic? Rinogona kuwanikwa kubudikidza oxidizing cyclohexane pamwe nitric asidhi (HNO3) pane imwe tembiricha kuti + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) pane imwe tembiricha kuti +50 ° C kana ozone (O3).

Adipic asidhi zvakare vakazvigadzirirwa carbonylation pamusoro THF (tetrahydrofuran) sezvo adipic iine acid anhydride, iro zvino kupa chinangwa fuma kuonana.

Kushandiswa adipic asidhi:

- nefuma chinhu mbishi zvinhu (kushandiswa vanenge makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana asidhi anogadzirwa) ari zvaAtemisi polyhexamethyleneadipamide, uye polyurethanes aro esters;

- kushandiswa sezvokudya chirungiso (E 355 vakanyorwa pasi nhamba) kupa zvibereko anovava kuravira (kusanganisira kugadzirwa zvinwiwa);

- Adipic asidhi chikuru chezvinonhuwira nzira dzaizopiwa descaling;

- rinoshandiswa kubvisa zvinhu zvakasara pashure achizadza Hudyu pakati usina kukonekita dzakagadzirwa Ceramics;

- kushandiswa carboxylic acids akadai adipic acid, kunokosha achigadzirira chakaita zvokugadzirwa intermediates.

Chero makemikari maitiro anotora adipic asidhi?

1. Izvi remubatanidzwa pamusoro maitiro pamwe simbi dzakasiyana-siyana, avo hydroxides uye dzinokosha oxides anobvuma kuti unoenderana munyu.

2. Rinogona bvikinyidza asidhi simba kubva ayo munyu.

3. Kuvapo acidic tiwedzere adipic asidhi ikasakendenga pamwe alcohols. In ichi fomu esters.

4. Pamusoro kudziyisa Ammonium munyu pamusoro adipic asidhi amides vari aumba.

5. Under kuitwa SOCl2 adipic asidhi iri mudzoke kunyika runoenzanirana asidhi chloride.

Esters pamusoro Adipic asidhi  

1. Metiladipinat kushandiswa electrochemical kwetunhu dimethylsebacate.

2. Dialliladipinat hardener ndiyo polyester nebwe.

3. Etiladipinat rinoshandiswa sechinhu chirungiso mu leaded peturu kuwedzera nhamba yaro octane.

4. diethyl adipate rinoshandiswa senzira plasticizer iri kugadzirwa mafirimu zvokudya, shangu, PVC, chakaita zvokugadzirwa dehwe, matoyi, linoleum, rwoga ceilings.

5. diisopropyl adipate rinoshandiswa senzira chezvinonhuwira zvizoro kuti ganda.