Zviyo: kukosha uye kubatsirwa

Zviyo pamwe kare vakaumba chinokosha chikamu zvokudya zvevanhu. Mazita huru zviyo zvirimwa zvinosanganisira rye, gorosi, oats, bhari, Buckwheat, mhunga, mapfunde, mupunga uye zviyo. Chipiriso chirimwa ndohwaJehovha mukirasi monocotyledons. Ivo chokumisa - a uswa, mashizha vane yakafanana veining, fibrous mudzi, muchero - weevil. Miti All akakamurwa chando (vari vakakushwa muzhizha kunonoka kana mangwanani kuwa) uye chitubu (chitubu seeded).

bota

Zviyo (mufananidzo mundima) - pasina kupamhidzira, rinokosha boka anorimwa zvirimwa. Zviyo hakusi chete chikafu vanhu uye zvipfuwo, asi anoshumirawo somutariri mbishi mashoko maindasitiri mazhinji.

In chikamu chake chezviyo bota ane:

• makabhohaidhiretsi;
• mapuroteni;
• makemikari;
• PP mavhitaminzi kuti boka B (B _1, B _2, B _6), aifarira-vhitamini A.

gorosi

Kana mashoko okuti "nechipiriso" kuuya mupfungwa gorosi. Yakura ose kondinendi (kunze Antarctica). Under zvirimwa zvaro nayo anoshandisa anenge mamiriyoni 140 hectares kuti ivhu rakaorera.

Modern rutoto chinopa mukana kukudziridza zvinopfuura 4,000 mhando. Ari steppes anogona kuwanikwa 20 rudzi dzomusango kukura nezviyo. Culture musha Southwest Asia: Palestine, Mesopotamia, Jordan, Siria.

Gorosi ari zvokudya vagari venyika vanenge hafu. Zviyo rakashandiswa hwakatsetseka, bota uye Pasta. Nyora zvose zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuitwa kubva zvishandiswezve tsanga yegorosi, hazvitomboiti. kusiyana kwavo chaizvo.

Pane mhando huru nhatu:

• einkorn;
• dvuzernyanka (emmer);
• nesipereti.

Ndivo madzitateguru zvose nhasi anozivikanwa subspecies. Kubva emmer zvakaoma gorosi kuitika. Vari nani unoenderana yakaoma ekunze. Ivo akura muUnited States, Australia, Canada. bhari Solid chinoshandiswa kugadzira Pasta. Off-mugwaro gorosi zvokudya kuti zvipfuwo. Seeding zvinoreva mhuri yakakura nesipereti. Ndiwo mashoko anokosha nokuda ruminant mhando itsva.

mapfunde

Millet zvazvo ari semhosva "bota", asi hauna inoshandiswa kubikira chingwa. Zviyo anouya nebhari, noupfu kubika makeke uye chingwa. The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo bota iri China uye Mongolia. Skify kukudziridzwa mapfunde achiri IV-V emakore. Kucherwa kuMiddle Dnieper zvinoratidza chokwadi ichi. In China yekare, mapfunde waibatanidzwa mazita zvinomera shanu kuti inokurukurwa dzvene.

The sieved mukuru mapuroteni kugutsikana (more chete gorosi). Millet Mbeu diki uye yakasimba pakati zviyo. Yokunze goko iri kubudiswa nesilicon tsanga vanobviswa (harisi ozeyewa mune munhu mudumbu). Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru croup zvakakwana hunovira nyoro uye tsime ozeyewa.

Zvinokosha kuva zvokudya chirimwa. Millet zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa mhuka minda, kunyanya yehuku indasitiri.

Kune vanenge 500 mhando nechipiriso ichi. Millet kunounza yakaoma kwazvo sezvo ivhu uye mhepo. Vane mwero uye akaomarara chirimwa chete chinoda zvakanaka aerated ivhu - kubva pamidzi yake uchishandisa nemhepo yokufema. The goho riri quintals 18 paminiti hectare. Under zvirimwa achiitei hectares mamiriyoni 12.

Millet rakakamurwa zvinotevera mhando ezviyo:

• seeding;
• Siberian mapfunde;
• mhunga.

mhunga

Chipiriso mhunga, chizvarwa kuna Africa. tateguru Its Nyati akarasika muzana remakore rapfuura, hapana anozivikanwa vamwe nezvake. Munyika dzinopisa, mhunga - chinokosha zviyo chirimwa. Nzara kubvumidza (dzimwe nguva inonzi ngamera iri chirimwa nyika) uye yakakwirira goho akamubudisa makwikwi kurimwa munzvimbo dzisinganayi dziri panyika.

A Zvinoitwa mutsika ndechokuti panguva zviyo kukohwa madzinde mashizha kuramba zvinonaka hanyanisi. Izvi zvinoita kushandiswa mhunga kuti mhuka dzichifura muchimiro silage kana girini guru.

Chinoshamisa, kuti mhunga chemasanganiswa mhando zvinopa 40% of chirimwa mukuru kupfuura vabereki vaviri. pfuma iyi unoshandiswa nevakawanda kubudisa chinyorwa parunokohwa hura. Kubva ndezvevakazvigadzirirwa Porridge, zvose kubva kwakajairika mbeu. Furawa inoshandiswa kubikira chingwa, cheese nezvimwewo zvakabikwa ndiro.

rye

Tichienzanisa gorosi rye chingwa anoonekwa ane kweuduku tsika. Akanga asina kuwanikwa mudzimba wamadzibaba edu kubva Stone Age. Hamuna, uye kumarinda.

Pakutanga Rye akaita minda tsika gorosi ari masora. Mune utsinye ezvinhu wokuchamhembe uye munzvimbo dzine makomo gorosi vakabvuma murombo goho uye kufa. Rye nekusiyana, zvakanaka aibvumira utsinye ezvinhu. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo rakavapo kuva tsika nechipiriso.

Kunyange muzana remakore rokutanga nyanzvi Pliny muRoma akanga amupa maitiro furawa rinorema, zvakadai chingwa yerima chenhando, kukodzera chete kugutsa nzara. Kunyange zvakadaro, muviri zvigadzirwa neupfu rye zvakakwirira.

Panguva ino, tsika nemagariro rapera kunyanya kuchamhembe hemisphere. Kurimwa kusvika 8 marudzi muna Asia, Europe uye Africa. Kune chitubu nechando akasiyana chirimwa ichi. Goho anosvika 2 matani muzana hectare. Mukuwedzera ndiye bota, izvo zvinopa rakaisvonaka goho kuti rye senzira dzinongoitika leavening mumiririri. Midzi miti zvinonyatsoziva mapazi uye pinda zvikuru muvhu, kukura nesimba uye usunungure topsoil.

Vane mwero mutsika anogona kukura pane murombo nevhu. Kunyanya rye kukwanisa kwayo kukura zvakanaka panguva pamatunhu altitudes. Alps, rye kunoitika kunyange ane kukwira kwa2000 mamita.

Kubva furawa iyi nechipiriso inogona kubikwa, kwete chete chingwa asiwo rinonaka pastries, Chikurukuru, kuti furawa zvakanga zvakanaka yepamusoro. Vashoma chisingakoshi mukurima, uye tsika nemagariro ari aidya mhuka purazi.

zviyo

Corn, kana chibage, - imwe nechipiriso pagore. The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo zvirimwa ichi chinoshamisa, South uye Central America. On the European kondinendi tsika akauya mukunopera namashanu remakore.

Corn inomira kundorwa zvose anozivikanwa zviyo ake yakakura kwazvo. Grade "bhiza zino" vanogona kukura 5 mamita. Mukuru Goho vari kumusha chibage. Soft inodziya okunze uye kunonaya ihuru yakanakisisa akakodzera ayo kurimwa.

Modern rutoto rinopa zviyo nezvokudya zvezvipfuwo mhando. To musi, pane mapoka mapfumbamwe botanical:

• chifonyedzo;
• kuparuka;
• nesilicon;
• poluzubovidnaya (rakajairika);
• starchy;
• shuga;
• Starchy-shuga;
• filmy (kushanda asina kukudziridzwa);
• waxy (nharaunda duku kurimwa).

mupunga

Kwasara nzvimbo yechizvarirwo mupunga ndiko India. Ikoko vazvinorimirwa kwezviuru zvemakore. MuEurope, anozivikanwa kuti rechi8 remakore BC muCentral Asia pamwe 2-3 fung emakore BC, uye muUnited States kubva 15-16 ndipo. Masayendisiti chiwanzo chokudavira kuti raiva rokutanga chaizvo mupunga, akadzora murume.

chipiriso ichi ane 20 marudzi, pane vanopfuura zviuru mumwe mhando yayo. Asi siyana zvose izvi yakakamurwa muchimiro zviyo nhatu mhando:

• tsanga refu;
• kruglozernisty;
• svikiro-grained.

Gore negore, Breeders dzinoberekera mhando itsva zvinomera. Kudiwa mukuru-inobereka uye kushivirira akasiyana-siyana chaizvo. Izvi imhaka yokuti vanopfuura hafu yevagari vepasi tenda mupunga sadza zvokudya zvokudya. Ndosaka inonzi chena goridhe uye chingwa wechipiri (kunyange chingwa chakabikwa kubva hazvisi).

Anorimwa mupunga munyika dzinopisa mumamirire ekunze. Izvi zvinoda inokosha rwokugadzira. Chinhu chikuru kuti tsika - zhinji achidiridzira nokupisa. Water chinoita inokosha basa - chaizvoizvo zvikuru kurima paruchaitika minda nemafashamo.

bhari

Pamwe gorosi, bhari - cereal mukuru panyika. Panotaurwa Hauwanikwi dzakasiyana dzavanhu Europe, Central uye West Asia, muIjipiti.

Kufanana gorosi, izvozvo rinomiririrwa mumakondinendi ose. Chirimwa vazvinorimirwa munyika dzinopisa nzvimbo uye kuchamhembe kunzvimbo. Bhari anonzi kwazvo "kuchamhembe" nechipiriso. Inogona kuonekwa kusvika 70 Latitude (kuNorway). Inokura mumakomo:

• panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 1900 M Alps;
• panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 2700 M kuCaucasus;
• panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 3050 M pa Hindukush;
• panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 4700 metres Tibet.

Bhari dhimanda nevhu. Acidic uye jecha nzvimbo hazvisi akakodzera kwayo kurimwa. Too nyoro kana machakwi munzvimbo kutakura mukana kuoma nechando tsika. Kazhinji, unhu zvezviyo kunoenderana kubudiswa topsoil. Pari zvino pane marudzi anenge 30 zvinomera. Kune yechando uye chitubu mhando.

otsi

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kekutanga oats akatanga kukudziridza muEurope. Wild-kukura tsika zvikuru tisanzwe chando, saka masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvingasava zvakananga baba O ano. Pane dzidziso maererano vose zviyo zvaiiswa pamusoro Atlantis - yacho mungarava.

Nhasi, kune vanenge 25 marudzi oats. Izvi ndizvo zvokudya chaizvo kuti utano hwevanhu. Small mafuta zviri zviyo rinozadzisa okuyerera remafuta akawandisa muviri. Izvi zvinoita kudzivirirwa mwoyo uye kweropa ezvinhu, kudzivisa atherosclerosis.

Mune zvokurima, zviyo inoshandiswa yakaisvonaka muchimiro zvokudya zvakasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi mhuka kana kuva chinoumba ari chikafu wemisanganiswa.