Zvinyorwa World vari kushambira. The mhando huru uye maitiro nokushambira

Munenge mumitambo zvose, kusanganisira chaienda, akaisa nyika zvinyorwa. Pose, kuvandudza rapfuura mugumisiro kuri kuoma, asi zvakadaro vari yakaiswa pamusoro makwikwi siyana. Nyika zvinopupura swimming - chepamusoro mamakisi, izvo yakabudisa mutambi pamusoro pamutemo makwikwi panguva repeatable ezvinhu waiti mitemo.

mitemo isingachinji

Zvinyorwa zvose zviri chagamuchirwa nenyika FINA - International Swimming Federation. Anogona gadza navo kana "mvura pfupi" "refu" iri nokushambira madziva. Terms of ratifying nhoroondo yakaiswa muna SW12. Huru ndedzinotevera:

1. Pakuita makwikwi rinofanira kushandiswa zvemagetsi nguva.
2. Kureba dziva inofanira vanopupurirwa uye zvinoenderana mitemo.
3. The kushambira anofanira kupfeka swimming inoita kuti zvakare rinoita tsika FINA.
4. Mushure kuvakwa makwikwi nomutambi anofanira pakarepo kupfuura zvinodhaka bvunzo.

Izvi uye zvimwe zvinhu kufungwa munyika rekodhi kunyoresa.

zvinyorwa World vari kushambira

Kwemakore, vanoshambira kuvandudza migumisiro zvavo kukunda chinhambwe. Cherechedza kuti makwikwi akasungwa nembiya iri refu 25 uye 50 mamita. Vazhinji anozivikanwa makwikwi vanoshambira kuita chirango chiri pool 50 mamita refu. urefu kwakadaro kunoita kuti anunure zvakanaka mugumisiro, sezvo panguva iyoyo daro vasapedza nguva ari kubvuta masimba.

The inokosha akati kuva chokwadi kuti makore mashoma apfuura nyika zvinyorwa zviri swimming vakanga yakaiswa pa anenge ose makwikwi nekuvongwa yepamusorosoro masutu. Ndicho chikonzero vakanga zviitiko zvinodhura pasango kugadzirwa. Kunyange mashomanana zvikamu zviduku chechipiri chingaparadzanisa mumwe mukwikwidzi kubva zvinyorwa kana kuhwina makwikwi. Kuti kudzivirira kubata simba pamusoro mugumisiro unhu vakashandisa midziyo yakaita overalls rakarambidzwa mumakore achangopfuura.

Mushure caffeine zvinyorwa zvavo vakatanga kuisa ndoda kakawanda. Mukuru huripo Nhoroondo anenge 12 makore. Rakavakwa muna 2001 pamusoro pfupi mvura freestyle muna 1500 mamita. Pane mvura refu, oddly zvakakwana, nhoroondo iri Re-vakanyorwa kakawanda.

Mumakore achangopfuura, vakawanda zvinyorwa zvenyika mumvura refu pakati pavanhu akatara vanobva kuUnited States. Zvikuru yakawanda chivande unoenda kunhivi imwe yakakurumbira nevatambi nguva yedu Michael Phelps. Panguva yake basa, akakwanisa kumisa anopfuura 39 zvinyorwa mumvura refu, uye 2 kunyora pfupi. Nokuti ichi akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "The Flying Fish".

swimming zvinyorwa zviri 100 mamita

Chii chakanga nyika zvinopupura swimming muna 100 metres uye dzishandise nayo? Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira ndiyo vanoshambira Maykl Felps, uyo aimiririra US panguva kushambira makwikwi. To chikwereti chake yakawanda zvinyorwa, akawanda iri akarondedzera shavishavi uye kunzwisisa. Panguva yake basa, Phelps akakwanisa kuputsa nyika zvinyorwa 39 nguva. Yakakurumbira yaiva mufananidzo ari 100 metres kushambira shavishavi ari makwikwi muRome muna 2009. Zvino pakati Phelps uye Cavic akatanga kurwisana chairo, izvo zvakazoita kuti pakagadzwa wandei zvinyorwa zvenyika. The wokuSerbia akanga akanaka chimiro uye semifinals akaisa zvinyorwa itsva, uye yokupedzisira vaida kuhwina somugumisiro itsva. Zvisinei, mumiriri US ari kwokupedzisira kwakaratidza tisaone nokukurumidza kwakaita kuti kukunda kwake uye kuisa chinyorwa kuitwa 49,82 muna 100 mamita.

freestyle

Swimming kwagara kukwezvwa hanya kwazvo nokuda vakawanda marefu, uyewo nokuda kumhanya, izvo zvinogona kusvika vatambi. Muna 2009, yakanga akawanikwa pakarepo 5 huripo zvinyorwa zviri freestyle. kushambira Brazilian Cesar sky akaisa zvinyorwa zviri 50 (20.91) uye 100 meters (46.91). Cherechedza kuti vakapfuura rapfuura mugumisiro rikayerera 50 metres mumasekonzi 00,03 chete - 20,91 musoro chinyorwa. Mune ushasha kweFrance, Frederiku yakabva (akasununguka Style swimming ari chinhambwe 50 metres), akaratidza nemhaka 20,94 seconds.

Records vakanga naPauro Biedermann muna 200 (1.42,00) uye 400 meters (3.40,07), uye Zhang Lin ari chinhambwe 800 meters (7.32,12). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti 2009 yaiva vakapfuma munyika zvinyorwa nokushambira.

Rekodhi kushambira 50 metres

Ndianiko akatara nyika chinyorwa ari kushambira ari 50 mamita? Adam Peaty - young British kushambira akazova European shasha 8 nguva. Pakati pamabasa ake (mutambi akaberekwa muna 1994 uye akaita debut ake chete muna 2013) zvinyorwa nyika iri 50 (26.42) uye 100m (57.13). Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti yapfuura zvinyorwa zvakagadziriswa kushambira ichi. Muna 2016 iye kamwe zvakare akaratidza ukuru hwake. Mushure akadambura rapfuura chinyorwa muna 100 metres, vateereri vakaita nechisimba kune mugumisiro, asi Pete haana pakarepo kunzwisisa sei maitiro akadaro kuna kukunda kwake.

kushambira ichi ramangwana akarara yakawanda tariro, nokuti, muna mafungiro yemitambo munharaunda, haasati asvika wenyama yake yakanakisisa chimiro. Uchapupu ichi chaiva chokupika muRio muna 2016, iyo ave goridhe uye nyika mukurumbira itsva.

kushambira pana 1,500 mamita

Ndeipi nyika zvinopupura kushambira ari 1500 mamita? More kure, kupfuura 1,000 metres, vatambi kukunda chete freestyle. Muna 2012, zvinyorwa chakagadzwa ari chinhambwe 1500 metres vokuChina kushambira Sun Yang - chinyorwa kuitwa 14.31,02. The inokosha inogona kunzi kuti yapfuura yakanakisisa mugumisiro uyewo raiva naye. The itsva yakanakisisa yapfuura mugumisiro neinopfuura 3 seconds.

Records nokuti kushambira ari zvinokambaira

Ndiyo nguva yokutaura pamusoro chii nyika rekodhi kushambira ari zvinokambaira. Anogara anoita hanya kwazvo, nokuti ichi chirango zvakakwana kure, vamwe dzakatangwa migumisiro yakanakisisa. The inokosha akati kuva chokwadi kuti vakawanda aivapo zvinyorwa mumagadzirirwo ichi chakatangwa muna 2009 (somuenzaniso, 20,48 kusvika 50 m). Chete chinyorwa idzva muna 2012 (14.10,10) chakagadzwa ari chinhambwe 1500 mamita. Izvi imhaka yokuti mumakore achangopfuura vatambi kwakavandudza yapfuura migumisiro chete nezvikamu mashoma rwechipiri - nguva inoti itsva zvinyorwa nyika kumirira kwenguva yakareba.

Huripo zvinyorwa zviri nokushambira

Kana tikatarisa kuitika nyika zvinyorwa zviri kushambira pakati pevanhu, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti vakawanda nhengo ndezvaJehovha United States, Britain, Brazil, Germany uye China. The vokuAmerica vanoda yokuisira 9 huripo zvinyorwa kubva 20 vanotongwa. Izvi zvinogona kunzi anoyevedza mugumisiro. In nokushambira, varume vakauya vachibva kuRussia havana kushanda zvinyorwa zvenyika.

Kana mabasa nevakadzi, hakuna hwakajeka ukuru. Varidzi yaivapo zvinyorwa vakadzi kubva kuUnited States, Lithuania, Hungary, Sweden, Germany uye Australia. zvabuda yavo pedyo nevaya vakaratidza vaitsigira pakati pavanhu. Zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvizhinji vakanunurwa munguva kubvira 2009 kusvika 2016. Saka, uyewo zviitiko kuuya zvingava kushamisika.

Makwikwi mu Rio muna 2016

Kunyange asati kutanga makwikwi muRio de Janeiro aiva mugove zvinonyadzisa chokuita doping kuzvidzora pamwe vanoshambira. Mushure pakutanga yeOlympic muRio mumazuva maviri chete mugungwa dzakaputsa 6 zvinyorwa nyika, zvakauyiswa yakawanda kufara kuti mafeni dzose mutambo. Vazhinji rekodhi chakagadzwa nevakadzi, varume kubudirira itsva Briton Adam Peaty kuti 100m breaststroke akamira kunze. Mumashoko Champions yakaratidza kuti yeOlympic - refu-akamirirwa chiitiko muupenyu hwavo, izvo wakagadzirirwa zvose 4 years. Ndokusaka pakuvhurwa kukwikwidzana muRio akauya zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Mutambi of Hungarian Katinka Hossa Zvakacherechedzwa kwete chete chinyorwa nyika (akaisa 400 metres 4.26,36), asiwo yokutanga yeOlympic goridhe yake basa. Kare, akakwanisa kuhwina World Cup 11 nguva, asi iye haana hwakakungwa Olympics. It akavandudza rapfuura mugumisiro neinopfuura 2 seconds.