Zvinoreva izwi rokuti "mimhanzi". Mimhanzi chii?

A mimhanzi ndeimwe yemhando yemimhanzi uye yehutano. Iko musanganiswa wemimhanzi, nziyo, mitambo nemutambo.

Mimhanzi semhando yemimhanzi

Mhando yakabva pachikonzero che operettas, vaudeville, burlesque uye comic opera. Kwenguva refu akanga asingazivikanwi sevanhu vakasiyana-siyana vezvenyanzvi. Mimhanzi inyanzvi yekutengeserana, sezvo inoshamisa, inopenya, yakaoma muurongwa hwekugadzira, ine michero inodhura uye zvinokonzera.

Chii chakasiyana, somuenzaniso, kubva pane opera mumhanzi? Opera inopa zvakadzama zvinodiwa kumishoko yevanyori. Asi mumimhanzi, vanyori havafaniri kungoimba chete, asiwo kutamba. Mune opera kuimba vateereri havatambi. Mukuwedzera, mimhanzi inoshandisa mitauro yakasiyana-siyana yevhangeri uye inotamba-pop, vanhu, jazz, dombo nezvimwe zvakadaro. Nzira yekuimba yakasiyana neopera.

Nhoroondo yezvakabva

Mimhanzi yakatanga muAmerica uye yakanga yakatangira muwonesi muzviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, French romantic ballet, zvinopindirana zvinoshamisa, comedy, melodrama nezvimwe zvakadaro. Svondo 1866 ndiyo nguva yemagenesi ejeri. Iko yekutanga yokugadzira mimhanzi ndiyo "Black Staff". Pakutanga, rudzi urwu rwemifananidzo rwakaratidzwa rwiyo rwemimhanzi, nokuti rwaive ruvaraidzo, apo zvinyorwa hazvina kupiwa kukosha. Mazuva ano, mimhanzi yakawanda ine nhanho inoshamisa uye nyanzvi.

Broadway

Vanhu vane ruzivo (vatori, vanyori) vakabatsira pakufambira muAmerica mumakore makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri ezana remakore rechi20 rudzi rwakadai semimhanzi. Ava vanhu vakaita sa R. Friml, J. Gershwin, R. Rogers, O. Hammerstein, L. Bernstein nevamwe. Vakawanda vavo vakanga vabva kune dzimwe nyika vakabuda muRussia munguva yeRevolution. Munguva iyi, mimhanzi yeAmerica yakave nokuchinja kukuru - iyo mahwende yakava yakaoma zvikuru, mimhanzi yakawana jazz, ruzivo rwemashoko rwevatambi vakawedzera.

Zvinyorwa zvakakurumbira zveBroadway panguva iyoyo:

• "Ndinoimba pamusoro pako" naJ. Gershwin;
• Oklahoma naRo Rogers naO. Hammestine;
• "Inzwi Remimhanzi" naRo Rogers naO. Hammerstein;
• "West Side Story" naL. Bernstein;
• B. Brecht's Three-Piece Opera;
• "My Fair Lady" naF Lowe.

Nzvimbo dzemahesheni dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa munyika umo mimimhanzi yakagadzirwa ndiyo Broadway iyo. Broadway imugwagwa muNew York, iyo ine dzimba dzinenge makumi mana emitambo (iyo nhamba iri kuramba ichichinja). Broadway zviratidzo ndezvakakurumbira uye kubudirira munyika.

Chii chinonzi Broadway theaters? Ivo vakasiyana neyeEurope inoshandiswa. Aya ndiwo masayenzi ekutengeserana, havana vamiririri vekugadzirisa uye vatungamiri, ivo chete zvivako zvine holo. Imba yacho inotambirwa kune mumwe muzvinabhizimisi, uyo anoronga kugadzirwa. Vashandi vanosarudzwa pane rimwe nerimwe basa nekukandira. Maitiro zuva nezuva uye chero bedzi ivo vari kubudirira uye vanounza purofiti. Apo kubudirira nemari inopera inoderera, chirongwa chacho chakavharwa uye boka racho rinodzingwa.

Mimwe mimhanzi inogara pa Broadway kwemakumi emakumi emakore.

European Musicals

Mimhanzi yekutanga yakaonekwa muEurope pakati pemakore makumi mashanu ezana remakore rechi20. Zvose zvakatanga nekugadzirwa kwe "Kiss me, Kate!" NaK. Porter. Kunyange zvazvo panguva iyoyo yemimhanzi yevanhu vekuEurope yaive isati yambove iyo inogona kukwikwidzana mukududzirwa ne opera uye operetta. Akawana mukurumbira mukuru gare gare.

Rwiyo rwokutanga muEurope mberi kwemainzi opera uye operetta mimhanzi "My Fair Lady" naF Lowe naA. J. Lerner. Mukutanga kwemakore makumi manomwe nhamba yemimhanzi inowedzera, uye iye zvino ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa muEurope. Zvibereko zveEurope zvakasiyana zvikuru kubva kuAmerica - mimhanzi, zvinyorwa, mararamiro ekuita uye nzira yekugadzirira kuita.

Kubva pane makore makumi manomwe, nguva yeEl Webber, iyo yakasikwa yakange iri pamutambo kwemakore makumi emakore, ndiyo yakawanda mari uye yakareba kwenguva refu munyika.

Kubvira pakupera kwema80s ezana remakore rechi20, mimhanzi yeFrance neAustria yakatanga kuonekwa uye inozivikanwa pachikwata.

Mimhanzi inonyanya kuzivikanwa munyika nhasi

• Musical "The Phantom ye Opera" naE. L. Webber;
• "Makate" naEl Webber;
• "Jesu Kristu ndiye nyota" naEl Webber;
• "Outcast" K.M. Shonberg, A.Bublil;
• "My Fair Lady" naF. Lowe naA. A. Lerner;
• "Inzwi Remimhanzi" R. Rogers naO. Hammerstein;
• "Cabaret" J. Kantser, F. Ebb, J. Masteroff;
• Notre-Dame de Paris na R. Cocciante naL. Plamondon;
• "Mamma Miya" B. Anderson na B. Ulveus;
• "Rebecca" M. Kunze uye S. Levy.

Telemedicines

Inozivikanwa zvikuru iye zvino pakati pevechidiki ndiyo firimu reTV "The High School Musical". Icho chinonzi trilogy, chikamu chekutanga chakabudiswa muna 2006 muAmerica. MuRussia, "Classical Musical" yakauya muna 2008. Chirongwa chacho chinobva munyaya yevaduku vanorota pamusoro penzvimbo. I "High School Musical" inotanga nevanonyanya kutaurwa vachizozivana pane imwe nguva. Zvadaro zvinosvika pakuti ivo vari muchikoro chimwechete uye vanorota kuti vatore chikamu muchikoro chekuimba. Muna 2007, kwaiva ne "Classical Musical-2" - kuenderera mberi kwechikamu chekutanga. Pano pamwoyo wechirongwa chacho kune zororo dzinofadza dzevamwe shamwari imwe chete. Uye gore rakatevera rakauya "Classical Musical-3". Muchikamu chetatu chenyaya inoenderera mberi kuchikoro chikoro. Vhidhiyo yeTV yeTV "The Classical Musical" inosanganisira 9 nhamba dzemimhanzi. Munyika yedu mumufananidzo uyu pakanga pasina mazano chete ainyorwa, sezvinowanzoitwa, asi nziyo dzakaridzwa nevanoshandiswa muraira muRussia. "High School Musical" ndiyo yakanyorwa yeGuinness Book. Akava iyo yekutanga terevhizheni yemabhaisiro, zvese zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvaive panguva imwe chete mumakore mazana ezvinyanya kuzivikanwa.

Mitambo mitsva inozivikanwa munyika yedu. Terevhizheni gore roga roga inogadzira vataridzi vakadaro kune vanoona sechipo. Rwiyo rweMutsva Idzva rwakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri. Kune vamwe, nziyo nevanyori vemazuva ano nevanyori vakanyatsogadzirwa. Rwiyo rweMutsva mutsva rwechipiri rwemhando ndeavo vanoshandisa kare, asi vachiri kurega kurasikirwa mukurumbira mimhanzi. Vanoshandura rugwaro rwehurukuro yakasarudzwa.

Musicals Year New, yakagadzirwa nevanyori vemazuva ano:

• "Cinderella";
• "Manheru paPura pedyo Dikanka";
• "Sorochinskaya Fair";
• "Kune mahara maviri."

Mabasa ose anoitwa neRussia neKukraine vanozivikanwa vaimbi nevatambi.

Rwiyo rweMutsva Idzva, umo rwiyo rwekare runoshandiswa:

• "Frosty";
• "Nziyo dzekare pamusoro pechinhu chikuru";
• The Golden Golden.

Telemusical "Old songs pamusoro pechinhu chikuru" inosanganisira kutenderera kwemafirimu mana. Nzira huru iyo mimhanzi yeNew Year yakagadzira ndiyo "Yokutanga" uye "Russia".