YechiFascist hwoudzvinyiriri munyika

neChikomonisiti yechiFascist muzana remakore rechi20 vakauya yakawanda nenhamo uye kutambura kusingatauriki. Ivo yakakanda kupfuura pamwero mukuru hondo munhoroondo yevanhu - World War II. Pfungwa iyi rinoshanda chete imwe nyika - Italy. KweNazi muGermany anonzi "vaNazi." Asi chaizvoizvo haina kuchinja. Munhoroondo idzi pfungwa kuva kuchinjaniswa, vava kwakafanana utsinye, utsinye, hondo uye kutya. Next, tichaongorora modes izvi zviviri munyaya. Tinewo tipindure mubvunzo zvinotaura yechiFascist hurumende kuiswa muItaly akasiyana Germany.

pfungwa

Shoko rokuti "Fascism" kuItaly mavambo. Shandurudzo rinoreva "danda", "boka", "mubatanidzwa". Ichi sangano enyika rakamuka pakati capitalist kunyika iri hombe ino dambudziko yaitonga. Misa urovha, urombo, nzara - vose vakaita kutora imwe Kutarira enyika ano hurongwa.

umboo

neChikomonisiti yechiFascist dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza anotevera zvinhu:

• Extreme siyana mhirizhonga hwokubata vaipikisa.
• Total kudzora mabhora ose evanhu upenyu: tsika, unyanzvi, nhau, dzidzo, kudzidzisa, etc.
• Echiuto hunhu. Mutemo vatorwa pamusoro yechiFascist hurumende zvainanga panguva kukundwa munyika itsva kuti chinangwa sina hunhu udzvanyiriri.

dzidziso

neChikomonisiti yechiFascist dzinosiyana iziviswe dzematongerwe kwakavakirwa:

• Kuimba 'demagogy. vakurukuri Nazi kuita, kazhinji ruzha, pasina mashoko akaoma uye pfungwa. zvesimba yavo pachena, kunyange vagari vakadzidza havaratidzi vari kutanga "kunzwisisa" panobva zvose zvinetso mamiriro, kutenda mutungamiri, kumutevera kune ramangwana yakajeka.
• Leaderism. The yose Hurongwa yakabatana kumativi mutungamiri rimwe, pasina iro haina kushanda.

Mussolini kwakaita yechiFascist utongi

Kukura pakati pevatongi hurumende muItaly Rinobatanidzwa ne zita Mussolini. First yechiFascist sangano munyika iyi vakatanga kuonekwa muna March 1919. Vakadaidzwa "kurwa sungano" ( "Fashi Di kombattimento"). Most nhengo dzavo - vatori yeHondo Yenyika II. Ndivo vanhu vane zvakanyanyisa nationalist chauvinist maonero. Sangano uye akatungamirira unyanzvi anoziva B. Mussolini.

Totalitarianism pamwe nevanhu masirogani

Mbiri nokuti chokwadi kuti mapato akawanda uye masimba enyika kuti akauya simba, nokusika anomanikidza uye utongi hwoudzvinyiriri, kushandisa zvikuru sunungukei, democratic masirogani. Saka ane vebato Mussolini. Kutsvaga rutsigiro zvavo, akavimbisa paradhiso pasi pano:

• The abolition weSeneti, mapurisa, neropafadzo uye mazita okuremekedza.
• suffrage Universal.
• Kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko.
• The mberi kwakaita mutero abolition varombo.
• Masere-awa kushanda zuva.
• Vanotinzwirawo vanhuwo zvavo kunyika uridzi.
• General zvombo, Kurambwa maoko rudzi uye hondo.
• Independence zvenhau, matare, etc.

Mussolini vakavimbisa vagari zvose zvavaigona chete kufungidzira. Mumwe vangada kuyeuka yeutongi sirogani "mafekitari - vashandi, nyika -. Vanhuwo zvavo"

The kuuya nesimba nevaFascist kuItaly

YechiFascist hurumende muItaly akatanga kuoneka muna 1921. Panguva kuti kwebasa "Union" vakatanga ane hondo rakavhurika kuti simba. Panguva ino, kutsigira vanhu yakanga serakaoma. Propaganda mapepa pamwe pachena nhema, rakashama demagogy anovimbisa kuti hapana aienda kuita, akaita minimini.

Mussolini haana muchivande kuti simba achapora chero mutengo. Paakanga vaizviti ari okuti: "Zvino mubvunzo simba anova mubvunzo simba."

Mbiru nezvombo akaita "kufora musi Roma" iri Shirts matema October 28, 1922. King Victor Emmanuel akabvuma kuti Mussolini wehurumende. Hurumende haina akamboda zvombo kurwisa Fascism. Nechekare musi October 30, vakunda kufora vashandi kumativi Roma. Hurumende itsva akaratidza kuti nguva matongo hapana ari kuenda. Mudungwe ichi Akaperekedzwa mhirizhonga uye Kusanzwisisana vasingagutsikani Socialist.

"Kuchengeta Promise"

yechiFascist hwoudzvinyiriri Gwaro nguva dzose uchibva demagogy uye zvipikirwa. We zvawanyora pamusoro masirogani prevozglasil mutauri Italian zvisati akasvika pambiru wehurumende. Pashure kugadzwa Duce (mutungamiri) raiva "kuzozadzisa" chirongwa chacho uye akatanga kuchinja zvinhu yechiFascist hurumende:

• Kutanga vanachandagwinyira kudzora mamiriro munyaya vose munzanga, kusanganisira upfumi. Makambani akasika hurongwa umo chete yaisanganisira ayo audited pechiFascist bato, vanhu.
• Nokuvumba chitendero mutungamiri (Duce). The dzematongerwe yose uye enyika akanga kurongwazve kudzorwa Mussolini.
• The mudzvanyiriri vakanga vakanganwa kuti pane nokusingaperi aiva kuna Mwari. Akagumisa sungano Vatican, chaimutsigira mari. Panguva kuti Pope Pius XI akataura Mussolini "akatuma pasi matenga."
• Hurumende yakatanga nokushingaira muuto. Kuvimbisa kuti ndisunungure hudyu hondo rinoitwa kwete chete, asi panzvimbo wakaputsika.

Common pakati Italy uye Germany yakanga kuti vose neChikomonisiti kunge akavimba nesimba kamwe hweRoma. Mussolini vaiona pachake mutsivi yaKesari. basa rake panyika akaona ari kudzorerwa miganhu eumambo hweRoma. Zvisinei, akakunda European nyika vakasagona. Naizvozvo, sezvo nyika yokutanga kusarudzwa "muCarthage" - varombo Libya pamwe chinyakare feudal zvombo. All rakaenderana:

• The African nyika yaiva chikamu choUmambo hweRoma kare.
• Libya aiva zvombo simba. Pane aigona yakarovedzwa tsamwisa zviito.
• A kukunda duku akapa ropafadzo enyika.

Sezvineiwo, rokuItari Vanodzidza havana kuwana mafuta munyika ino, saka Hitler aitofanira kushanda kuedza kuwana uye kupinda Europe. Pamberi Baku-vapfumi deposits muRussia, haana akariita. Akanga vakambomira Stalingrad. Hazvizivikanwi kuti nyaya kuti vagabondize, kana Vanodzidza mu Africa regai miscalculated, sezvo Libya - imwe nyika yakapfuma matura "ndarama dema".

Nazi (Nazi) hurumende muGermany: zvinokonzera mavambo

MuGermany, sangano iri National Socialist kufamba zvichiitika panguva imwe chete kuItaly. chitarisiko chavo, pamwe dzeSoviet yakava kumashure:

• VokuGermany usakanganiswa akakundwa muna World War First. Dzavo rwisana zvidzidzo vakamira makiromita mashomanene kubva kuParis. Kana kwete nokuti renunciation Germany pamambo, ipapo Germany, kazhinji, aizova Kumukundi muhondo iyi.
• Pashure pokukundwa pakati vatsigiri German kunge vakaisa yokugadzirisa dzakadaro kokutanga munyika ino kwakanga nzara, urovha, urombo, upfumi dambudziko pamwe hyperinflation. Izvi akasika pfungwa kusaruramisira uye hasha. VokuGermany vaidavira kuti vakanga vanyengedzwa. Ivo akasaina nyika, uye akagamuchira mamiriro muhutongi Britain uye France.

Nazi Party (NSDAP)

zvikonzero izvi akatora vaimbova koporo Adolf Hitler, uyo akanga revarwi simbi muchinjikwa mukurwa, chikuru mubayiro murwi. Ndiye muvambi National Workers Socialist 'Party. chirongwa chacho muna 1920 yaisanganisira pakurwisana "capitalism zvakaipa":

• Kushaya hanya pamusoro unearned mari, kureva, Kurambwa mhindu. nzvimbo iyi pfungwa kungobva vaJudha.
• The nationalization makuru zvine urongwa mabhizimisi.
• Kutapurirana zvitoro zviduku mutengesi German.
• Land kuchinja, wairambidza zvokufungidzira.

Zvikonzero kubudirira NSDAP

Bato yaHitler vakasvika simba zvishoma nezvishoma achishandisa kutamburira enyika iri musarudzo. With neimwe manzwi itsva National Socialist vakapiwa mamwe kodzero, kusvikira Adolf Hitler vakasaziva chanzera. Paiva anoverengeka zvikonzero ubudirire:

• Active political anoparadzirwa. Pfungwa Fuehrer sezvo Duce vaisiyana yakasarira populism, kutotenda remangwana rakajeka.
• Power nzira. Zvikuru akasika paramilitary dzakabatana "dutu vamabhiza" (CA) mu shava yunifomu akavhiringidza enyika vavengi akapinda kudhindwa, pepanhau nezvirugu zvamakwai. Kamwe paiva yokuedza emauto kubvuta masimba, anonzi Beer Hall Putsch. Zvisinei, zviremera muGermany, kusafanana Italy, akatsunga kushandisa zvombo kudzvinyirira.
• Financial rutsigiro. Hitler vachitsigirwa rakafara rwezvemabhengi madenderedzwa kuUnited States. Vezvenhau vanoti vashandi NSDAP akagamuchira mari dzavo madhora, sezvo German chiratidzo depreciated zvikuru. Basa iri Hitler akanga nomukurumbira chaizvo, aida kuenda naye rinenge rose nokushanda vemo.

Neo - dambudziko ano

Zvinosuruvarisa yechiFascist hwoudzvinyiriri akadzidza chinhu vanhu. Kuramba Homwe Neo nokupenya mune imwe nyika. In chete muGermany, mushure Second World War, chiNazi yechiFascist sangano idzva. Mune dzimwe nyika, mauto dzakadaro kunyange yakatora simba. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvakaitika muna muGreece muna 1967 uye muna Chile muna 1973.

Nhasi, zvinetso kwechiFascist urudzi hunonyanya akakodzera. Hombe mutsika vanotama muEurope, avo yaisazoraramika mufambiro, kukundikana kutora mitemo nemirayiro wehondo chamutsa Kusagutsikana. Torai mukana uyu zvakanaka-bapiro enyika masimba. Mumwe ava - yebato "Alternative nokuda Germany", iro anounganidza kuvhota omunzvimbo Landtags.