World Snow Queen - ndizvo zvinotaura Tundra

Chii chinonzi achinaya mvura? Rakashandurwa kubva Finnish tunturi rinoreva "nyika asingabereki", "kunyika yomuvengi" kana "bani treeless" Muchidimbu, nzvimbo isingagariki. Ideas nezvazvo, vanhu vakawanda vari kuderedzwa kuti mashoko awanika kubva zvezvaidzidziswa - mosses, poro, permafrost, lichens - uye zvose imomo kumwewo, kure kuchamhembe. Information kubva yakakurumbira TV zvirongwa, rinoti kutyisidzira (zvikurukuru zvivako) kuti kunoenderana kwepasi pose.

Zvisingaperi chando gwenga

Tundra anganzi renje kuchitonhora, riri kumativi North Pole. Vamwe vake Muganhu worutivi kweArctic, mumwe - mundima iri kunze taiga. Mumwe nomumwe aya zvakarurama inotsanangura kuti achinaya mvura.

In Russia iri kanyika 300? Km kusvika 500 km pakugadzwa kuna Bering Strait iri kumabvazuva Finland, kumavirira. Kusanganisira arctic uye kunyunguduka zvikamu, achinaya mvura rinotaura vanenge 10% munyika penzvimbo nyika yedu. Kumahombekombe yose kweArctic Ocean kuchizvivanza bhendi ichi, akamanikana iri European chikamu Russia uye kweSiberia zvavo; uyewo akakunda nechekuchamhembe Kamchatka.

Wakakura zvikuru nguva

Ndeipi achinaya mvura munguva yechando? Panguva ino okunze inonyanya yakanyanya - tembiricha kusvika muna kuSiberia chikamu -51 inegumi. Vari yakawedzera nemhepo, izvo zvinokonzerwa kushaya makomo uye kana kusatonzwa dzakatsarukana penzvimbo zvikomo. Rakatumbuka mapani uye mumupata pamepu anozivikanwa ane mutema ruvara, iro rinotaura zvachose mundima achinaya mvura. Zuva rukasafashukira zvachose, refu polar usiku kunotora 8-9 mwedzi. Iyi ndiyo nguva yakaoma zvikuru kuti mhuka nharaunda.

From "blizzard dema" kuviga zvinhu: vanhu, mhuka uye isingawanzowanikwi shiri. Mushure madutu mupopoti kwemavhiki, ari pitted gwenga chando, akafanana nechitarisiko mujecha, sezvo pabutiro rakanyatsojeka duku uye ari zvinofamba mamiriro, izvo akabvumira mumwe mutsvakurudzi kuti achinaya mvura kuti vanouti "nyika chando Dunes."

Nguva uye mosquito maberekero shiri

Anouya kutonhora kuchamhembe zhizha pamwe kunonyanyisa tembiricha isingadariki 10 madhigirii, asi zuva hauna kuvanzirwa zvachose - kuuya usiku chena, iyo inogara mazuva 64. The pamusoro rukoko chando thaws, achiumba zvisingaperi parasikira zviduku, hapana kudzika kudarika 50-100 masendimita madhamu izvo veko vanhu vasingatyi kuyambuka pamubhedha wake. Thaws uye anouya upenyu kumativi ose.

Tundra ivhu zvikuru chaizvo - musi permafrost zvidiki gley uye manyowa horizons. Specificity Nokuti mvura akamira, asi kwemvura maduku, tembiricha yakaderera usarega chirimwa residues nokuora uye anoora. The kunayisa chinguva, kusvikira 250 mm pagore, asi thawed mvura pamusoro pemvura ivhu haana nguva sasana. izvi zvose zvinoita kuti paumbwe marshes inova isingaperi nhamba pano.

Uye pano pane nyasha

Chii achinaya mvura muzhizha? The yose kunoita nharaunda iyi imhaka kureba iyi - miriwo nguva ottsvesti kupa mbeu. Ndiyo nyika poro chikwindi, sedges uye lichens, pane erosemary uye Heather, zvipfupi Birch uye the willow shaggy. Miti yakaderera, nokuti midzi havagoni kunzvenga muvhu.

In kuwa hombe rinokwanisa kucheneruka munda Blueberry yecocoa yaiteverwa pamwe Orange cloudberry, crowberry kwazvo, mune shoko, bheri paradhiso - ndizvo zvinotaura achinaya mvura. Kutsunga nharaunda iyi sezvo umhutu umambo ndezvechokwadiwo nokuda dzedenga uwandu nezvipembenene aya achinaya mvura hakusi segirazi. Makore midges siyana uye kuchamhembe nyuchi pedzisa mufananidzo. An magumo uwandu notumwe. Izvi ndizvo zvose zvokudya zveshiri. Tundra kwavari - a nesting nzvimbo.

Mamiriyoni shiri vanopedza pfupi zhizha pano. Kune vazhinji, zvokuti, maererano zvakaona, ivo madhamu ndivo chando-chena swans pamusoro, murima shiri. Pano nesting Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi, ptarmigan uye chando bunting, gulls, terns uye guillemots. Vari vakasafudza chete umhutu. Northern gungwa, madhamu uye marshes zviri achinaya mvura izere hove (Sturgeon, Sarimoni) uye dzemugungwa. Kubva mhuri nemakonzo vagere achinaya mvura lemmings.

Kana iwe anopamba rinokwanisa kucheneruka minda uye Orange michero, rima uye chena shiri pamusoro pegungwa, kuti aratidze zvinotaurwa achinaya mvura, mufananidzo tichabudirira chaizvo. Hazvisi murombo fauna of yacho. Reindeer uye gava chena, zviratidzo okumusoro, dzinowanikwa pano risingaperi akawanda. Coast - muumambo polar unobereka uye nedzimwe mhuka huru dzakadai walrus.

Climate, uye nawo hunhu, kuchinja kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye achinaya mvura rakakamurwa zvitatu Sub-zones: chando, lichen, chikwindi uye South shrub. Kunyange madunhurirwa chinoratidza kuti chirimwa nyika sezvo chinhambo kubva North Pole.

A dzinongoitika kuwedzera achinaya mvura

Zvadaro anotanga ndima, zvikuru zvishoma zvakasiyana pamusoro apa. Chii achinaya mvura uye dondo achinaya mvura? vakasiyana sei? Dzimwe nyanzvi havawani zvakawanda musiyano uye yechipiri inonzi wokutanga subzone. Zvechokwadi, musiyano ishoma. Rinoreva Sub-Arctic achinaya mvura mapazi kunosvika chose kudzokorora wokumaodzanyemba kumuganhu achinaya mvura, yakafara zvichisiyana 30 kusvika 300? Km. Average tembiricha hereinabove nokungobhabhatidzwa 8-10 madhigirii, miti pasi isingawanzowanikwi nezviduku wepagore. Asi sezvo achinaya mvura anouya pedyo nemasango coniferous, uye kumaodzanyemba nharaunda zviri zvakare zvakawanda kana zvishoma akafukidza navo, kazhinji unonzi dzesub-zone hakusi achinaya mvura, uye taiga.