World Heritage Kunze Kwenyika. UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Kwenguva refu nguva vanhu havana kufunga kuti achasiya nezvizvarwa zvavo. Vakanga yakatsiviwa nevatongi, akaparadza tsika yose, havasi zvikasawanirwa akaramba. Pave paya, vanhu vava akangwara uye akachengetedzwa mabasa ounyanzvi, zvivako hunoshamisa runako, zvivako zvinonakidza uye zvichingodaro. N. Pakupedzisira, vanhu kwasvika pakugumisa kuti chinokosha zvikuru zvinhu zvinofanira kupinda chaiyo pasi. Nhasi, vashanyi kushanyira dzimwe nyika, nokuti World Heritage Kunze Kwenyika. UNESCO chirongwa kwenguva refu anogona kunzi zvinopfuura kubudirira.

World nhaka

Pane imwe nguva, vanhu vakavhiringidzika kudyiwa mari uye kuziva kudikanwa kudzivirira dzinongoitika uye nhoroondo pazvivako, kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. kuzvipira aya ari chaiyo list, pfungwa iyo yakazadzika muna 1972, "On Protection of World Cultural uye Natural Heritage" iri gadziriro iri Convention, icho akazivisa vakawanda basa nokuti kuchengeteka chinonyanya kukosha zvinhu.

Nhasi zvawanyora kunosanganisira zvinopfuura chiuru pfungwa, uye zvivako izvi zvose dziri muna 161 mamiriro. Pakati pavo vane wakajeka makona zvakasikwa uye zvinoshamisa fungidziro namaoko omunhu, asi vamwe zvinhu zvingakushamisa avo vasingazivi, ndedzipi pfungwa akambochera Donongodzo iyi.

zvinodiwa

World Heritage Kunze, uye kuRussia - haisi nezvivakwa uye zviwanikwa sezvivako. Mumwe chinhu kunoshamisa uye ari kuiswawo pakati pemazita pamwe wainyatsotaura zvinodiwa. Conventionally, vari muzvikamu zviviri.

Nokuti zvinhu murume-akaita zvinokosha zvinodiwa akadai kuratidzwa ukama dzevanhu tsika, kukura mapurani, yokusiyana uye exclusivity, kubatana nepfungwa yekuti Bhaibheri. Zvechokwadi, uyewo inorangarira kunaka uye aesthetics. All matanhatu zvinokosha.

Kana toreva dzinongoitika pazvivako, vanofanira kusanganisira Chiitiko kana nzvimbo aakatipa aesthetic unhu, kuva muenzaniso chikuru nzendo nhoroondo, Geological kana utachiona pezvakaitwa kana kuva kukosha mashoko kuramba kusiyana mhuka uye chirimwa upenyu. Nechipiriso zvose zvina zvinodiwa.

Avo the World Heritage nzvimbo iri kunze kana mu Russia, izvo zvinogona kunzi mune anenge zvakafanana kune mumwe uye imwe boka dzinonzi chakakanyiwa, kana kuva tsika uye zviwanikwa tsika. Saka, chii chaizvo rwuripowo UNESCO pasi?

Country Champions

UNESCO World Heritage Sites akapararira pasi pose zvikuru gogonera. States iyo Nhamba huru monument - ichi Italy, China, Spain, France, Germany, Mexico, India, Great Britain, Russia, uye United States. Pamwe chete, mundima yavo kune vanopfuura 350 zvinhu, anomirira kupfuura chetatu yose pasi. Anenge nyika idzi dzose, tinogona kutaura kuti vari venhaka ibudirire zvikuru, uye zviwanikwa. Chero zvazvingava, pamusoro uyu pamazita haana ndakashamisika.

zvinhu murume-yakaitwa

In muchikwata ichi kuti 2014, pane 779 zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupfuura akakurumbira uye zvinokosha zvivako uye nyika kuvakwa, vazhinji vari zviratidzo nyika yavo: Angkor Wat muCambodia, Easter Island, the Great Wall of China, Abu Mena muIjipiti, Versailles, Cologne Cathedral, Acropolis muAtene, Taj Mahal, temberi Prambanan uye Borobudur muIndonesia, ari Samarra yekare, riri pamusoro munharaunda Iran ano, Petra muna Joridhani, Chichen itza uye Teotihuacan kuMexico, Cuzco, Peru, Kizhi pachechi, chechi Kolomenskoye, Stonehenge, chifananidzo of Liberty, ari Sydney dhanzi ... kazhinji kunoratidzei chinhu chimwe chete Shona yakaoma kuti ndandanda anowana yose munhau musimboti maguta siyana - kazhinji iri kuchengetwa muEurope. All zvikuru mukurumbira wokukwezva vashanyi inowira pasi rino. Asi dzimwe nguva, kana paine zvimwe kuchinja zvikuru, chinhu "mashizha" World Heritage. Kunze, tinoziva maviri nyaya dzakadaro: Elbe Valley pedyo kuDresden rave kupera chokuita pakuvaka mugwagwa; Reserve White Oryx - rinokosha mhando zvayo - Oman abviswa Pamazita nokuda rutapudzo mundima yayo uye va neudhadha kudzora poaching. Zvimwe kusanduka nenguva, asi kunyange kana asina, nerimwe gore rimwe komiti chaiyo kufunga zvitsva uye zvitsva vaitaura kuti kusangana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zviri nhaka nyika dzakapararira.

dzinongoitika sezvivako

Kupfuura dzinonakidza uye akanaka zvinotyisa zviri category "World Heritage Kunze" - zvinhu zvakasikwa. kusika munhu, ndiko, zvivako, zvivako, uye zvichingodaro. e., zvakare kuziva, asi zviri kure kunakidza kuchengeta akasika pasina rubatsiro uye kupindira kwevanhu. The pamazita pazvivako zvakadaro (nokuti 2014) zvinosanganisira 197 mazita. The ehupfumi dziri munyika 87 pasi pose. 19 vavo vari panjodzi (nokuti chero chikonzero). Nenzira, ndandanda UNESCO World Heritage Site kunotanga chaiwo Monument - the Galapagos Islands, vakagamuchira rukudzo urwu muna 1978. Uye, zvichida, zvaigona kunzi zvikuru akanaka, nekuti pano musha mhuka dzakawanda isingawanzowanikwi uye miti, rezvitsuwa iri inozivikanwa dzinokatyamadza maonero. Uye, pakupedzisira, pashure zvose, zvisikwa ndicho chinokosha pfuma vanhu.

Mixed chikamu

Vamwe zvakagadzirwa akasika munhu, saka hunonyatsobatana kwenzvimbo uye zvakatipoteredza kuti anonetsa inonanga zita nevanhu. Kana, nekusiyana, munhu achinja chete zvishoma kuti akazviratidza somugumisiro Geological, zvoutachiona uye dzimwe dzinongoitika kwendangariro. Chero zvazvingava, World Natural uye Cultural Heritage kubudikidza UNESCO, inomiririrwa zvinhu muchikwata ichi, zvechokwadi rakasiyana nemamwe.

Zvivako akadaro vashomanana - 31, asi kunyange zvishoma kutsanangura chimwe nechimwe hazvitomboiti, saka havana-chinja uye zvinofadza yazvo nenzira. Izvi zvinosanganisira National Parks muAustralia uye New Zealand, Mount Athos, Machu Picchu, ivo yemamongi Meteora, mhuka yose Tasmania, kuti nharaunda uye noupenyu Lapland uye zvakawanda. Inenji kuti upfumi hwose ichi chasvika nguva yedu mune fomu ichi, mukuru dambudziko revanhu - kuchengetedza nhaka ichi zvizvarwa zvaizotevera.

Russia uye Kishi nyika

In yaimbova USSR pane vakawanda Zvivako vanobatanidzwa UNESCO pasi. Vamwe vanoisa mberi sezvo musarudzo. In zvachose mune 52 zvinhu, kusanganisira Struve geodetic chinhu chakakombama, riri pamusoro munharaunda anoverengeka anoti.

The Pamazita zvinosanganisira mazita akadai Moscow Kremlin, Samarkand, Chersonese, Bukhara, Lake Baikal, ari Lena reMbiru, Putorana ebani, gomo Sulaiman-Too uye zvichingodaro. D. Sezvo pfungwa UNESCO World Heritage Site, riri mundima Kishi nyika, unogona kunyange tsidza usambofa kuenda kure kune imwe nyika, kwete kuongorora dzimba dzavo - saka siyana uye zvinonakidza zvinhu mairi dzinoturwa. Zvakanaka, zvino unogona uye kutarira vavakidzani, uye kuenda mhiri makungwa matatu - achaita enzanisa.

UNESCO World Heritage kuUkraine - zviri 7 mabasa panguva, uye mumwe 15 vari dzakamirira. Pakati Kishi nyika, nyika iyi ine wechipiri soro nhamba pfungwa kuiswawo pakati pemazita pamberi pedu. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra uye St. Sophia Cathedral muKiev, munhau centre reLviv, ari Beech mumasango ari Carpathians.

chinzvimbo

Zvingaita sokuti kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa World Heritage Kunze - chiri akanaka bhonasi kurerutsa vashanyi uye vaiuya dambudziko pakusarudza apo kuenda uye chii kuona. Asi ichi hachisi zvazviri, nekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zviri mungozi kutsakatika kana kuparadza zvishomanana, uye vanoda kuti vamwe vavashandire. usanganidzo yavo UNESCO pamazita anogona zvimwe nechokwadi vakachengeteka zvavo. Uyezve, kuwedzera zvimwe nzvimbo ndandanda vachimutsa chinzvimbo chavo uye mukurumbira, izvo zvinozoita kunokwezva zvakawanda vashanyi kunyika. Kukura kwemauto ichi hwenyika pave pane kurasa mari yakawanda, iyo unogona kudzorera avo nemagariro Zvivako chete kuti aonekwa ndandanda UNESCO. Saka chirongwa ichi inobatsira muzvinhu zvose.

Zvinhu mungozi

Sezvineiwo, zvose hazvisi nani seizvi. Pane chikamu chinokosha pamusoro pamazita, iro rinotaura dzinongoitika uye netsika pazvivako, izvo vanotyisidzira dzinonetsa kuchinja kana Kutsakatika zvakakwana. Zvikonzero zvacho zvingave zvakasiyana: siyana siyana njodzi uye tsaona, hondo, asi inokanganisa okunze uye nguva. Kwete zvose izvi zvinogona kudzorwa, saka kuti munguva yemberi iri pedyo revanhu ingatadza zvimwe zvinhu zvaisanganisira Munyika Natural uye Cultural Heritage. Zvino ichi "yambira" mazita 46 zvinhu. Hapana wavo haana kuiswawo pakati World Heritage Sites mu Russia. Kunze, zvakafanana ezvinhu, zvinosuwisa, zvakajairika. Asi komiti iri kushanda mirayiridzo iyi.

UNESCO World Heritage nzvimbo pasi kutyisidzira, kusanganisira vamwe akazviratidza chaizvo kare - ari 3-5 Millennium BC, saka kukosha kwayo haringanzi dzakanaka. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinetso zvakawanda, anoronga kuti pakuvaka uye rokuvakazve hondo, mafashamo, poaching, uye zvichingodaro. N. Musarega kutaura kuti nzvimbo idzi akachengeteka.

The komiti

UNESCO - sangano guru yakatsaurirwa dzakasiyana-siyana matambudziko, World Heritage Kunze - chete mumwe wavo. Uye mibvunzo yose nechokuita dingindira ichi, rinokosha komiti akasarudza. It anosangana kamwe pagore kusarudza pamusoro mapurojekiti uchitsvaka nechekuita mukugarisana ari pasi. Uyezve, dare parura kwezvisikwa kushanda mapoka kuti dzifunge nomumwe zvinhu. It anoita se chevanorwara zvemari, allocating mari nyika mubato kuna Convention, panguva chikumbiro chavo. In yose, dare ine 21 nhengo. Nguva yokuva muhofisi vakawanda vavo kufira 2017.

zvakafanana mazita

Chokwadi, tsika uye zviwanikwa Zvivako chinokosha zvikuru uye zvinokosha, asi vanhu anoedza kuchengetedza kwete kwavari chete. Kusiyana zvinhu zvine vakasikwa mazita ane rinonyatsooneka mienzaniso okugadzira zvinhu, ruzivo uye zvichingodaro. D. Kubvira 2001, UNESCO anochengeta zvinyorwa ounyanzvi ari Oral uye chisingaoneki okugadzira zvinhu. Asi musafunga kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro mabasa mabhuku - pamazita zvakawanda zvikuru uye yakawanda yakasiyana kupfuura zvinoita. Rinosanganisira culinary netsika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika, rakasiyana nemamwe mano nomumwe marudzi, zvinowanzoitika dzokudetemba uye vachitamba, kunyange falconry!

Chimwe chirongwa zvakagadzirirwa achengetedze UNESCO World Heritage Site, anonzi "Memory Wenyika". Uye chaizvoizvo chinhu raakashandisa kuchengeta zivo siyana - nokuti Pamazita rine chinokosha, hwakawanda huripo zvinyorwa zvevanhu nguva dzose. Izvi zvinosanganisira mafirimu, mifananidzo, mitinhimira, mifananidzo, mipumburu uye yamabhuku vanhu vakakurumbira.

UNESCO zvirongwa zvainanga vazvione. tsika migwagwa uye zviitiko zvose zvinoridzwa, ngatirege kukanganwa kuti wose anogona kusika chinhu chikuru uye akafanira kuramba zvachose munhau. Vanobatsirawo kuti neapo kumbomira vangani yakanaka akasikwa madzitateguru uye hunhu, uye sei zvaizova zvakaoma nahwo.