Virgin wemamonk, Kazan: kero history, rutumba, Rector

It vagara chezvinyorwa vairemekedza dzakakwirira ndiyo Russian Kazan Icon of Amai vaMwari. Vazhinji nguva kuburikidza neminyengetero akaviga Mambokadzi Heaven kwaari wawo nyika yedu kubva pamatambudziko uye zvomunyama, nokuti zvaaiita naro yakawanda mazita, aizivikanwawo nokuda zvishamiso. At nzvimbo mufananidzo kutora yakatangwa Kazan Virgin wemamongi, anomuka gare gare imwe nhamba yokutungamirira nzvimbo Russia zvokunamata.

Vision musikana Matrona

Kunyange zvakanga kare, asi tsika akachengetedza kwatiri nyaya nhamo rakawira muna 1579 Strelets wezana Daniel Onuchina ndokugara Kazan zera nemashanu asati. Ziva akatsamwisa Jehovha serviceman munhu anoshanyira Mambo Heaven chakaitika mumba make, ichangogadzwa akavaka uye vachiri hwema manyoro vanoondoroka matanda, lyutomu moto. Kana nzvimbo yainamatirwa mwenje rakadonha, kana ember bummed kunze chokufuka yamavira, asi chete ukarova murazvo kuitira kuti Daniel haingakodzeri kusvetukira hungu kudhonza mumoto nomudzimai wake Catherine gumi mwanasikana Matron.

Tighter, isu neshungu, asi chii chaungaita - kuda kwaMwari. We maigara vakaurayiwa pomoto pamberi nguva yakanaka vanhu. Naizvozvo, humwe husiku, musikana Matrona pachake Mambokadzi Heaven, uye akaita kuti aende kunzvimbo imba yavo vakamira, uye kwokuwana naye nokutendeseka nzira, zvakavigwa pasi murwi madota. Inotya musikana, asi chete chiratidzo chake zvakare uye zvakare. Kutya kukuru akaudza zvose amai, uye iye vakamhanyira ngaatarire kuna Bhishopi Mukuru Kazan Jeremiah.

The pakuunganidza kunoshamisa kuvake

Shepherd Mwari vakaita kuti nyaya yake nechivimbo zvose, uye pakarepo akatungamirira vafundisi vechechi neminyengetero uye dzokudetemba akaenda Catherine pamusoro madota. A refu nguva acheter iri semirwi dota pazvitsiga zvinopfuta, kusvikira pakupedzisira, mumaoko mwanasikana Catherine Matrona haana chete mifananidzo, izvo zvakazoita izvozvo Mambokadzi Heaven. Great aiva mufaro uye nomusi temberi rikashamiswa kukereke St. Nicholas akanga akamira pedyo Tula.

Yemamongi, akaberekwa zano changamire

Zvino zvakaitika 1479, kureva, apo changamire Ivan Vasilyevich (Grozny). Kuti titaure chokwadi, kunyange zvazvo mambo akanga Feb, asi dzimwe nguva ndiwo muenzaniso vatsvene. Saka nguva ino, Found kubva pamusoro kunoshamisa kuvake kuwanikwa, akarayira kuti akarara panzvimbo nechechi, uye sezvo takagadzirira kuronga parutivi vakadzi vake wemamongi nemasisita mumunamato vachirumbidza chifunhiro akatuma pasi Mambokadzi Heaven. Saka, zano changamire yakatangwa Kazan Amai vaMwari chechechi, rakanga tonsured uye Katerina akazvifukidza uye mwanasikana wake Matrona, mu monasticism wakanyengwa Moors. NdiShe vouchsafed vakazova abbess pakati wemamongi.

Ndiani akakwira choumambo pashure chababa vake rufu mambo mutsva Fyodor Ivanovich, sezvakaita baba vake, akanga rupo wemamongi itsva uye akarayira kuti avakire mairi chechi ibwe pakuyeuka chishamiso kwakaratidzwa pano. Sezvo pamahombekombe Volga, pamwe youmambo chirevo Mubereko mari yayo Implementation, basa rakatanga, uye hapana kupfuura gore papera akakwira kudenga, masvingo etemberi hombe mukukudza pakuonekwa Kazan Icon of Amai vaMwari. Mariri, akanga pamutemo kubva womuti vaduku machechi okuberekwa.

outorwa centre

Nekuti nokukurumidza paiva yakawanda uchapupu zvishamiso, naMweya minyengetero pamberi icon of Amai vaMwari, Mhandara Monastery (Kazan) haana kukurumidza kuva nzvimbo nokudenga outorwa. Kubva zvose pamusoro Russia vakaungana mairi, uye dzimwe nguva vaifamba chiuru mamaira vechinamato. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kwete mwenje, kunyange puds, tinoda Queen hweKudenga, uye basa mamiriro ezvinhu munhu Orthodox kuti kufamba uye kukotamira mufananidzo wake.

Kuti pylili mumigwagwa kusingaperi tambo Rus yokuzvidira vatorwa, kuenda uko Kazan Mhandara wemamonk. Hatiregi navo kana yechando kutonhora kana chirimo nokupisa. Kunyanya kuedza kuchengeta kusvika November 4, apo Day yaipembererwa mufananidzo Our Lady pamusoro Kazan. In zororo iri mari Mapilgrim akafamba zviuru.

Yokurohwa wemamonk madzimambo

Kazan Virgin Monastery uye vakashanyira nhengo dzeimba mutongo. Vakawanda vavo, mumugwagwa Volga, akanga sokukosha basa ravo kunamata mufananidzo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, anochengeterwa masvingo wemamongi. By nzira, kuziva mashoko, maererano iro guta bhajeti mumakore iwayo nenzira 70% yaiva yacho tichiregeredza Mafambiro dzakawanda dzechitendero rakaitirwa wemamongi, uye vakawanda outorwa.

Risingakanganwiki kwaiva kushanyira wemamongi maviri kutonga vanhu. Muchirimo 1722, ndakashanyira mambo Peter I, uye muna 1767 Virgin Monastery (Kazan) waikudzwa nokuvapo Catherine II. Mother Empress kumamwe munoshongedza mifananidzo tsvene Mhandara Yakakomborerwa uye nedhaimani korona anokosha kweMuponesi asingadi vaburukira kwatiri, uye zvachose anyudzwe munyanza ari kugadzikana zviitiko XX remakore.

The moto Pugachevshchina

Mumazuva apo pamahombekombe Volga vakanga kwakapfuura nomoto pugachovskogo kumukira, wemamongi yakava kwete chete chapupu asiwo ane unwitting ubatanidzwe zvinoshamisa zvichaitika. Kazan vagari vakaedza kuwana mukati masvingo aro kuponeswa kubva ropa orgy vapanduki, asi pasina.

Mumwe zviumbu akaputsa kupinda wemamongi, uye akadzingira yake nemasisita, akaisa mukati maro atirari, iyo inoitwa kubva moto Kremlin. Zvinofadza kuona kuti, pasinei nezvose zvayo neunzenza, vapanduki havana kubata chinhu zvinoshamisa kuvake kana ayo kushongedzwa. dare yepanyika, havana kutya, uye pamberi Kudenga achiri pakabvunda.

Bookmark ari Church itsva

Old Kazan Cathedral, apo mazana maviri emakore vakaramba kunoshamisa mufananidzo kuguma XVIII remakore ari chakasakara chaizvo uye nokuti Commission yave kuzivikanwa mapurani unrepairable ayo, akanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Kuti nokuda kurasikirwa ichi panzvimbo muna 1796 pamberi paMambo Paul I, mwanakomana wake Alexander - yemberi weNobel nokuda Napoleon, uye mwanakomana Constantine wechipiri pamutemo akatanga katedraali itsva.

Munyori zvakagadzirwa yayo, akaita mu zimbabwe werudzii, rava yakakurumbira St. Petersburg akitekiti kureva Wekare, uyo akava nomukurumbira St. Petersburg nokuda ounyanzvi ayo dzakadai soUtatu Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky wemamonk, Prince Vladimir Cathedral, Tauride Palace uye zvimwe zvikuru hurongwa.

Last remakore yemamongi kubudirira

Ipapo inotevera XIX remakore yaiva nguva nokukurumidza chaizvo kuvaka, neMhandara Monastery (Kazan) zvachinja umo mhiri pamutemo. Pakutanga pakati mipiro vanokudzwa imba Musin-Pushkin rakadzikwa Sophia Cathedral, uye pasina nguva yakatanga uye akatendera chirongwa ichi mumwe vavakezve rakazara wemamongi, rakanga kushandisa kusvikira anenge mugumo remakore.

Rakanga kuparadzwa zvachose chakasakara kuburikidza nguva mukuru pakuvaka wemamongi - St. Nicholas Tula chechi chakavakwa nguva varayirwa Ivana Groznogo. Munzvimbo yayo akavaka chechi itsva inodziya, apo iye kubva achichengetwa muchando nguva kunoshamisa kuvake. Akamisa sezvo mukamuri abbot wacho, uye umo dziri muchitokisi nemasisita. Mumakore chikamu zana pamusoro munharaunda wemamongi paiva chivakwa, rinonzi muviri Holy Cross. It dzichengeterwe temberi kukudzwa Rusimudzirwo Mutsvene Cross, ari sacristy, refectory, chikoro kuti kupenda, zvakaviriswa, chingwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana dzebhizimisi musha.

dzinoyera Mabhande

Pakapera June 1904, Russia yakanga runozununguswa dhuma nhau: zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira nemhomho rakapinda usiku muMhandara Monastery (Kazan), akapambwa kubva pamusha rutumba temberi - the Kazan Icon of Amai vaMwari. Kutsvaka vaishungurudza vakanga chokuita zvakanaka vaongorori munyika, nokuti inenge isina kumboitika kusvikira zvinhu zvitsvene, ndadaidzwa kuti nzanga yakafarikana resonance.

Mbavha vakasungwa, asi kuzvidhori havana kuva. Uyezve, hapana uchapupu hwavo, kana maererano kumwe kuferefeta vasingagoni acharisimbisa kwaunenge. Zvakazoitwa kutapwa icon chinoramba zvisinganzwisiswi nhasi.

Asi dambudziko rakawira wemamongi haana kuderedza nhamba vechinamato kutsvaka izvozvo, kunyanya pazuva rokutanga Kazan Icon of Amai vaMwari. Pasina temberi, vanhu vakaenda kunonamata kanenge nzvimbo akanga kamwe akagara. Muchechi chete, kana panzvimbo iri mugomba rake, panguva apo kamwe-kuwanikwa kunoshamisa mufananidzo nzvimbo, chechi pevhu mukukudza musi unoenderana Romanov youmambo trohsotletnego chakarongwa muna 1913. Mari kwayo pakusikwa akapa mari Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna - hanzvadzi Empress.

nguva dzakaoma

Mushure October 1917 wemamongi vawira matambudziko chete zvose sezvo mamwe Russian yemamongi akatambudzika. Chikamu kwakavakirwa akabva atora kubva hanzvadzi uye akaisa dzinoshandiswa rimwe uto dzakabatana. Mukupera maviri zvinhu hwaipa yekudyidzana nokuti kuti wemamongi pakupedzisira yakavharwa, uye vakawanda kwakavakirwa raishandiswa sezvo muhositeri yevadzidzi vane pedagogical kukoreji.

Vadzidzisi Future uye rokudzidzisa zvakagadzirirwa 'kudyara vanonzwisisa, zvakanaka, nokusingaperi ", akatungamirira wemamongi vari anosiririsa ezvinhu. Kunyange mhuka mhirizhonga pugachovskaya haana akakonzera yokugara nhamo. Vadzidzisi Young Akaputsawo madhoo uye mahwindo, vakaputsa headstones zvenhau uye akapisa emapuranga masitepisi uye dzoga dzoga.

A nguva nharaunda wemamongi kudirwa kuchengetwa zvokuvakisa sangano, uye ipapo hwakatamisirwa kuvakwa firimu Studio. Kuti izvi zvidaro, zvakanzi akatema zvivako zvinoverengeka zvinokosha. Pamusoro ichi rakaputiswa Kazan Cathedral, zvakagadzirirwa nokuda Russian shasha kureva Starova. Nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvakatambudzwa yemamongi mumakore vakandimukira.

Newly Chigaro wemamonk muKazan

Hard munzira kumutsidzirwa wemamongi rakatanga muna 1993, apo vepo diocese hwakatamisirwa Gate Sofia chechi, yakavakwa pakati XIX remakore. Pashure yakadzoka unoriumba varidzi nevamwe nenzira inoshamisa vapona, asi akarasikirwa yakare chitarisiko zvivako. It akatarisana zvakaoma uye anodhura basa rokudzorera navo.

Yemamongi upenyu kunyika masvingo rekare muna 2005. Chisarudzo Dzvene Revafundisi, wemamongi akanga amutsa, asi sezvo vanhu. Ipapo Kazan Virgin wemamongi vakasangana chimwe chiitiko chinofadza. Akasvika muguta, Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia seizvi Alexy II kumamwe wemamongi pamwe mazita chakabiwa pakutanga pakati XX remakore kunoshamisa mufananidzo Musikana. Chokutanga zvakanzi yakaramba iri Vatican uye mumaoko neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia naPapa ari munhu. Nhasi ari yakadzorerwa Holy Cross Church uye kuitika wemamongi.

Nhasi, hama wemamongi, izvo rinotungamirirwa nomudzimu abbot Mark (Vilna), achiri muduku zvikuru uye ine vanhu vasere chete. Vatanhatu vavo vane hieromonk, kureva mamongi, vagadzirwa upristi uye nokudaro kuwana kodzero kuita nezvaakatonga. Two zvakawanda - hierodeacon. It madhikoni, asi kusiyana vazvo kuva vafundisi venyika, uyo akatora yemamongi mhiko.

Pasinei yakadaro diki Fraternity, Kazan Virgin yemamongi Kazan, vane kero iri: Str. Big Red, 5, ari pakuvazve kukosha sezvo rinokosha pakunamata muzinda. rutumba Ainyanya ndiye "Vatican" mazita kuzvidhori yakabiwa, rakanga ambotaurwa. Mukuwedzera, dzokunamatira vari zvakajeka uye nenzira inoshamisa vakachengetedzwa pashure nemakumi emakore hakuna Musiki temberi iripo yemamongi kurega kunotanga matatu.