Veliky Novgorod, Yaroslav kuti Court: pakudzokorora, features, zvinokwezva uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Yaroslav kwakaita Court uye emaoko - ndivo mukuru mapurani zvakaoma akachengetedzwa kubva nguva Ancient Rus. The chinhu runochengetedzwa hurumende uye vanobatanidzwa ndandanda World Heritage UNESCO.

apo pakanga

Vazhinji nhoroondo Zvivako azere Veliky Novgorod. Yaroslav kwakaita Court - mumwe nedzimwe hurongwa kwete chete guta asi yose Russia. Zita zvakaoma akapiwa zita Prince Yaroslav, gare gare aitonga Kiev, apo akapiwa idzva rokuremekedza - Wise. Kare, kurutivi rworudyi norwizi Volkhov ari vanotengesa chikamu cheguta, apo kubvira panguva yakare vakanga vakapakata vatengesi uye aiita veche mari.

Zvinhu Kucherwa dzinotaura kuti kusavapo chero zvivakwa, misha kana zvisaririra chokuvapo kwevanhu munharaunda yacho Court kuti rechi10 remakore. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi11, Prince Yaroslav kufanorongwa youmambo, ichazombova izvo dzakaratidzirwa Europe. Archaeological tsvakurudzo kuitwa mumakore post-hondo, anoratidza kuti nzvimbo pakati St. Nicholas Cathedral uye gedhi shongwe, zvake ari Gostiny Dvor, akawana kungoda remuti chivakwa nzvimbo huru.

In Yaroslav kuti Court uye emaoko Zvakafukunurwa kutungamirirwa Professor AV Artsikhovsky, uye zvaanofunga, nheyo akawana anogona zvomuchinda wacho makamuri. Uyezve basa rave mothballed kusvikira nguva nani, kana vanochera matongo achava yakanaka midziyo kuti pave kwete chete kuchengeteka chinhu, asi mukana kudzidza hwakadzama.

sarudzo

Kuvaka muzinda, Prince Yaroslav akawana pachake ari musimboti mabhizimisi upenyu Veliky Novgorod. Kutaurwa rokutanga renhoroondo dzamadzimambo kunzwisisa musi shure 1030 gore, iyi muguta inokosha chikamu mune chipatapata nevezvokutengeserana kubva dzekuma Scandinavia kuenda Byzantium. Mhenderekedzo akatambanudza dzakawanda zvitoro Pier, apo nhumbi vari waburuswa chakasungirirwa goridhe, jira, nezvinonhuhwira zvizhinji akatambanudza kubva munyika iri Veliky Novgorod.

By Yaroslav Novgorod kuremekedzwa uye norudo. Sezvo kukundikana kubhadhara wepagore mutero kumuchinda Kiev, vagari akabatsira kaviri kwaari mukurwa nokuti chigaro Kiev uye pakupedzisira - zvose vakauya kwaari kukunda. Zvichida mafungiro ichi kumuchinda imhaka napedyo ayo kuvanhu uye kugara kutaurirana pamusoro yekare zvokutengeserana.

Yaroslav kwakaita Court, kunze varikutonga uye kutenga rwendo, tongai, uye mashandiro nzvimbo, iyo iri ungano vakaungana Novgorod. The vakatozodzokera chemisangano kaiva nzvimbo pedyo Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti Chamber akanga asiri kuenda vose vanhu vaigara muguta, asi chete vamiririri anokudzwa mhuri, anotaurwa so "bhandi goridhe 300." Mureza kuunganidza sehofisi kurira veungano bhero.

Muzana remakore rechi15 isingachaoni rusununguko yayo Novgorod. Yaroslav zvaJehovha Court uchipfuura nhaka kuna Prince Ivan III, rinobvisa kunze ungano bhero kuMoscow uye ndima anotanga kuvaka pamusoro wako. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi16, pashure pakuonekwa huru viceroys kuti Court vakagamuchira zita "State" wechipiri.

With bhero rakasungirirwa ngano dzakawanda. On mumwe wavo, pana Valdai iye yakadonha pamusoro zviuru zvishoma mabhero, izvo zvichiri anotakura mukurumbira Novgorod freemen yose. By rechipiri ngano, bhero paakagadzwa muna Kremlin raMwari Spassky Tower muMoscow uye tocsin anoudza vanhu pamusoro njodzi. Panguva imwe moto, akawa uye vakaputsa, pashure iyo Peter I akarayira mumwe nhengo dzayo kuumba itsva.

panzvimbo

Russian statehood zvinobva Veliky Novgorod. Yaroslav kwakaita Court mushure imwe nguva rakura Ancient zvakaenda - chikuva apo zveefa zvakaitwa, aidzidza ndakawedzera zvokutengeserana, uye hwava mushambadzi kirasi. Novgorod Torg vaikwikwidzana pamwe muzvitoro pakukura Europe uye Asia. Yainakidza rwizi nzira uye tsime-tsikwa nzira akagadziridzwa Novgorod vatengesi mhiri Dnieper neGungwa Black kuConstantinople uye Persia, havana neapo refu mabhizimisi rwendo kuEngland, Flanders, pamusika German. To kutengesa zvikepe chakasungirirwa reBaltic uye Gungwa White.

Maererano kupukunyuka magwaro zvinozivikanwa kuti vanhu Novgorod vakanga yakabudirira kutengeserana dzimwe nyika - kuchengeta chibvumirano pamusoro zvokushandisa uye vatenge, pamusoro pamwe kungoreva zvinobatsira, etc. vatengesi Local vaiva nepfungwa anotambura, pamusoro Novgorod Bid Vatorwa vasina chatengeswa, vatengesi pachavo mubasa Implementation kuti mhiri kwemakungwa zvinhu .. yose Russia.

Gostiny Dvor

Ancient Torg akanga akakurumbira kwete chete nokuda vatorwa zvinhu uye pamwero mukuru amabasa mari, asi rokutengesa nhumbi zvemunzvimbo mhizha. Novgorod Crafts vakanga dzaisiyana, kunyanya yepamusoro uye zvikuru rikava zvigadzirwa zvakaitwa nesirivha, vanokosheswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika. Leatherworkers Musono majombo zvakaisvonaka, mabhandi, bhiza joko uye nemamwe dzakarukwa kubva thinnest matehwe rinoparadza, michinjikwa. Vakanga nomukurumbira vaumbi, mhizha, vavezi, Painters.

Shopping nzvimbo dzakanga dziri mumigwagwa kuti vakamhanya kubva murwizi, nomumwe akanga zita wayo. The nechepakati akatevedzana Volkhov akapfuura vakapoteredza Market Place uye inoguma pedyo dare German. Shops iri pamusoro payo ndivo kupfuura nomukurumbira munyika nechepakati kunotenga mumugwagwa unonzi Guru, uye mune zvemari mabhuku vakapiwa mazita akasiyana - mari, Sourozh zvakawanda.

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi17, mutana Trading vatendeukira Gostiny Dvor, uye anoramba saka kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi20. Muna 1771 nokuti Empress Catherine II uye nhengo mudare yakakunakira kuamisa yakavakwa "Kuenda Palace", apo iwe unogona wakasununguka kufaranuka uye kuunganidza simba zvakatonyanya kufamba mhiri expanses yeRussia.

upundu unotii

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II mapurani Ensemble kuti Yaroslav kuti Court uye emaoko akanga akanaka. Kuparadzwa havana kutsoropodza, uye zvakawanda zvinogona akapora pamwe shoma nesimba. Yakasiyana Arcade pamusoro Gostiny Dvor wakange asarirwa uye imomo akanga kutokonora mumwe mupanda, sezvo panguva yaro kuvakwa. Asi kupora akabvunza muguta, uye muna 1945, hurumende yakasarudza apedzise disassembly yose nhoroondo kunzwisisa.

Basa nokukurumidza zvakatanga muna 1947 uye akaramba kusvikira 1953, apo ari muitiro achipindira Academy of Sciences. Nokuedza masayendisiti, vanyori venhau dzakaitika, uye zvikurukuru I. E. Grabarya, kuparadzwa Monument yekare rikaguma. The kwacho kwakanga vasingatsanyi, uye chete muna 1956 vakakwanisa kuongorora rapanzvimbo varasikirwa.

Under mamiriro kudzivirirwa

Rakanga kuparadzwa zvachose Gostiny Dvor kunotenga Arcade riri pasi mumugwagwa musi May 1, uye chete chiduku chikamu Arcade rakaramba. Vakatambura uye temberi kare - nokuti zvokuvakisa vakasiya bhero shongwe zvidhina chapero of kubvuma Church uye chechi George okutengesa.

Mushure odhita vakatanga matongo Zvakafukunurwa, dzakanga azivisa kuburikidza wandei akaturikidzana emapuranga mabhiriji mumakore siyana, pakati St. Nicholas Cathedral uye chechi St. Paraskeva Friday yakawanikwa flooring kubva mapfupa mombe.

The Zvivako kupukunyuka zvinhu zvetsika kukosha zvikuru uye nhoroondo nhaka. Nhasi, vari pasi kudzivirirwa neHurumende uye yemarudzi sangano UNESCO. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe zvivako zvikuru kuzivikanwa, uye Zvakafukunurwa pavaiita nguva neimwe zvinopa zvinhu zvitsva yokutsvakurudza uye kudzidza.

Cathedral muna Monomakh

Mukuru uchikwezvwa Veliky Novgorod - Yaroslav Wevhu, apo chechi yokutanga chakaitwa Prince Mstislav, mukuru wavana Vladimira Monomaha. Church chinopukunyuka nanhasi uye rinozivikanwa St. Nicholas kana St. Nicholas Cathedral Dvorischenskogo. kuvakwa kwayo kwaisanganisirawo tenzi ainzi Peter. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndiye Russian mapurani wokutanga, ainzi apinda zvinyorwa.

The Church rakavakwazve kanoverengeka pamusoro emakore oupenyu kwayo, asi vanatenzi vagara vakanamatira akwegura nechigadziko, nokuchenjerera kwete kusuma zvisingakoshi zvakagadzirwa chairatidzika rechivako. Kereke yakavakwa ave analogue wetemberi Sofia, basa rakapera muna 1113, asi akagadza nayo makumi maviri gare gare. Munguva yekare mhindu panguva iyoyo yaiva chivako yokutanga yakavakwa namabwe.

Temberi zvakaenzana matatu apses, korona yendarama rising mashanu zvitsauko kuti mudzidziso simba muchinda. Cathedral muchinda omurume, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda nokutonga Bhishopi Novgorod. Maererano yaMakoronike, nyaya, temberi akapisa kanenge gumi nguva uye nguva dzose akararamazve. Kubva muzana remakore rechi13 pedyo masvingo kuenda Chamber. Muzana remakore rechi17 yaiungana pamberi Church yakanga yakashongedzwa hexagonal bhero shongwe, vamwe vakanga vakabatana kumasvingo zvezvivako Nikolsky Cathedral ndezvaJehovha remakore rechi19.

Mugadziriro yechinangwa hondo chitendero, muna 30-ies chechi yakavharwa. Munguva pfupi kubva muna 1945 kusvika 1962, St. Nicholas Cathedral akanga zvinoshanda. Pashure mukuvhara izvozvo akaisa chinhu kwamagwaro ari Novgorod miziyamu yakatsaurirwa kusatendera nesayenzi. Rising rakavakwa guta chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika. Changing zvoupfumi mamiriro ave kutanga basa rokudzorera, izvo akagovera mari nokuda New Hanseatic League.

kuvaka temberi

Yaroslav raMwari Court muna Novgorod anokoshesa mutemberi akawanda ekare. Church of kubvuma yakaiswa pakuyeuka varwi Novgorod vakanga vafa kundikana mushandirapamwe muna Suzdal. The initiator retembere vaaida Prince Vsevolod, pakuvaka rakapera muna 1144. Novgorod irambe ndangariro vakafa, achidzorera temberi pashure vakawanda moto, uye akamupa chechipiri zita - ". Kubvuma rembudzi ndebvu" Zita iri chokuita napedyo chechi ane nzvimbo apo kutengeserana chaiitirwa mbudzi, mabhiza uye vamwe dzinovaraidza.

Next kukereke nokufungidzira pane chechi imwe, ipapo vakatsvaka ne vasikana kuroorwa vanouya kuna Novgorod. Yaroslav kwakaita Court inoshongedza kereke St. Paraskeva-Chishanu, izvo mapurani iri yakasiyana nemamwe mutemberi. Saint Paraskeva-Chishanu anounza mhanza zvebhizimisi nyaya. Kereke yokutanga yemapuranga yakavakwa muna 1156, zana remakore pamusoro nzvimbo vakapisa kuvaka vatengesi mhiri kwemakungwa ndikaisa chechi ibwe.

It akatsanangura 15 nyaya omoto, pashure pacho zvakare nokungwarira marshaled. Ancient akitekicha yakavhurwa yokutanga post-hondo hwokudzorera. By akaturikidzana pakati nesuko kuchenesa masonry chaiko shure 13-14 emakore, uye akaramba ari cupola chechi kubva muzana remakore rechi18. Vanhu St. Paraskeva-Chishanu temberi kare wakanzi chechi "pazuva rimwe namakumi manomwe makona", iro anoenderana chokwadi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana munhu musikana kuroorwa achapfuura akapoteredza denderedzwa katatu, iwe uchaburutsirwa nokukurumidza kuroorwa.

vanoitisana syrkovoy

Muvambi nomukurumbira mazita Moscow kwakaita vatengesi syrkovoy - Ivan Syrkov, Ini ndakaberekwa uye -wedzera guta nokuda vachiriita (Veliky Novgorod). Yaroslav kwakaita Court zvaimunetsa vakanga midzi 1510 emapuranga chechi Myrrhbearers. Pashure chikuru moto yakaitika muna 1541 panzvimbo yezvipiriso zvivako ndokumisa chechi ibwe. In tsika Moscow makereke dzinofunga ibwe bhesimendi, apo tsika anochengeterwa Novgorod mumachechi wedzimba idzi hazvivakirwi.

temberi yokutanga ine guru pakakwirira uriri yaiva Myrrhbearers chechi, maererano nedzimwe mishumo Ivan Grozny akaramba ikoko kwechinguva chikamu papfuma yacho. Kumativi ose vari emapuranga masitepisi, vakaronga pedyo neimwe yeberere kune rokumusoro mapuriro zvezvivako. Zvino panhurikidzwa yechipiri pane Vana Cultural Center.

Basa na Dmitriya Syrkova muna 1529 muna Yaroslav raMwari Court akavaka duku chechi Procopius kukwirira storeys matatu. maviri okutanga vavo - yakavanda uye refu pakakwirira. Chivako akitekicha yakanga kufurirwa Moscow uye muPskov mapurani netsika kutaura mune keeled Maberere, pakushongedza France yechechi.

Gate shongwe

Kwemazana emakore waro kuvapo, pazvinhu zvakawanda aiziva Yaroslav raMwari Court (Veliky Novgorod). Gate History Tower rinoreva nguva apo Petro ndakarayira kuti vateye Gostiny Dvor. vavaki vayo muzana remakore rechi17 rakava Urume Efimov uye Guri Vakhromeev. Gate neshongwe yaiva chikamu guru kunzwisisa. Zviri chivako-storey matatu, dzakapararira pakati maviri paupamhi Maberere okufambisa, denga hipped denga mamiriro kurutivi rworuboshwe kwayo adjoins bhero neshongwe kuti kamwe zvaiva mutemberi vakarasika kare.

Kwenguva refu zvaionekwa vechevoj Gate shongwe, asi ongororo akapikisa ichi anosimbirira runyerekupe. Chivako dzichengeterwe akasiyana-siyana nemasangano, kubva wenherera kusvika Archive, uye nhasi vari hwakaratidza mabasa ounyanzvi vakasikwa Nzira pakati unyanzvi vachikanda simbi.

Zvakawanda mutero rinotaurwa midziyo chechi uye chitendero unhu. Pane anomira patebhenekeri, pamuchinjikwa, reliquaries, chechi nemidziyo, mifananidzo, chigadzirwa vanatenzi kunamata Old Vakatendeka zvakawanda. Gedhi shongwe akaronga kuona pakakwirira, iro rinopa kwazvo maonero Sofia eguta.

adhiresi

vashanyi vakawanda vanoda kushanyira Great Novgorod. Yaroslav kwakaita Court, pamwe Detinets, ndivo vakawanda akashanyira nzvimbo. On mundima Ensemble wacho Court bargaining uye akachengetedzwa anopfuura gumi yekare mapurani hurongwa.

In Nokuwanda kwakaita zvakaoma, pane zviratidzo nhoroondo achangopfuura. Monument kuti heroism ravarwi eSoviet immortalized nhoroondo Great Patriotic War. The shongwe kune kunozivikanwa hunhu Sadko zvakare kuziva kuziva vashanyi. Unotara kudzorerwa Hanseatic League vaitengesa uye nhengo mairi Novgorod, zvakaoma muna 2009, chiratidzo chirangaridzo.

Yaroslav zvaJehovha Court (Veliky Novgorod) ane kero inotevera: St. Nicholas Street, Building 3b (mabhizimisi divi).