Vatendi vanopi? Mugwagwa wePilgrim

Pilgrim - chii ichocho? Nguva imwe neimwe kamwe muhupenyu hwose, asi akanzwa shoko iri. Pamwe paTV kana kubva kuvabereki. Asi munhu wose anoziva here zvaanoreva? Asi pane humwe hutsika hwemakore ekumabvazuva hunobatana nawo. Kunyange zvazvo mumwe wevaduku ava achati iyi ndiro zita rebhanhire resimbi kana firimu.

Ngatitendei kune duramazwi

Muzhinji, mafambiro, zvirokwazvo, vanodzungaira. Vafambi vanoenda kunzvimbo tsvene, vanofunga zvakaderera vanodzungaira. Ikoko kwakanga kune shoko rinobva kuLatini peregrinus, iro rinoshandurwa rinoreva "kusvetuka". MuchiTsarist Russia shoko iri rakasanganawo, asi kakawanda rakashandurwa kuva pilgrim.

Sarudzo yakadaro yeRussia. Vakadana munhu anonamata Mwari, ane simba guru. Vakanyora nyaya pamusoro pake. Pamwechete, pilgrim ishoko rinoreva izwi rokuti "pilgrim".

Mazuva ano

Munyika yanhasi, kunewo mapurgrim. VaKristu vanoenda kunzvimbo tsvene kusvika nhasi. Asi pamusoro peizvi - gare gare. Uye musikisi wese anofanira kunge kamwechete aite pigrimage kuMecca. Mukuwedzera, chikamu chinokosha chevagari veUnited States vanozviona ivo vanozvarwa vevafambi. Sei?

Kufambira mberi kune zvakaitika

Muchirevo chakasimba chezwi, pilgribabababa havasi vamiririri zvachose, uye havana kuenda munzvimbo tsvene. Kutaura zvazviri, vakanga vaine zita rakanyanya pakati pevaEurope vokutanga vakabva vauya uye vakatanga nharaunda munharaunda yava kunzi United States of America. Zvino zvakaitika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe. Zvadaro, muna 1620, boka reBritish Puritans rakatambudzwa nekuda kwekupesana neAnglican Church yakasarudza kuwana nzvimbo itsva yekugara. Muna zana zana vanhu (avo pakati pavo vaivawo vakadzi nevana) vakaenda kumhenderekedzo yeNyika Itsva. Asi kufamba mumazuva iwayo kwakanga kwakaoma, saka saka vakachengetedza kutsigirwa kwekambani huru yebhizimisi. Kwete pachena, zvirokwazvo.

Vaifanira kushanda pakubuda kwavo. Zvisinei, zvakazoitika kuti mushure mekufamba rwendo rurefu chikepe chakanga chisisipo chero chakanga chagadzirirwa. Uye, pasina kufunga kwemazuva akawanda, maPuritans akatanga nheyo panzvimbo yePlymouth yemazuva ano. Vakanga vari vatongi vokutanga munhoroondo yeNew England. Uye vachifunga kuti kamwe chete munzvimbo iyo, iyo yavakabvumirana nayo, vakaramba vasina kurohwa, vafambi vacho vaifunga kuti havana zvachose vakasununguka kubva kune chero zvikwereti. Vakasayina iyo inonzi Chibvumirano cheMayflower. Icho chechipiri chaimiririra chibvumirano chekuzvitonga kwekoloni.

Upenyu kwavari, zvechokwadi, hwakanga huri nyore. Ichando chokutanga chaitakurwa nehafu chete yevakasimuka. Anenge pakarepo, kukakavadzana kwakatanga nemadzinza eIndia. Asi nekuda kwezvombo zviri nani zvekuEurope zvakakwanisa kuwana mukana munharaunda inobatwa. Zvechokwadi, havasi vagari vemunharaunda vose vaivengana navo. Mumwe wevaIndia, avo vakazove nhoroondo, vakavabatsirawo kugara. Akadzidzisa vaPuritani kuti vakura sei zviyo munzvimbo itsva kwavari.

Akabudirira zvakafanana neshoko

Asi nei vanhu ava vose vakatanga kutumidzwa mapirgrim? Uye zvose zvakatanga ne "mazwi matsvuku". Muna 1793, pamutambo wakatsaurirwa kune vekutanga, Reverend C. Robbins akaverenga mharidzo. Mariri, akadana vaunganidzi vakauya ikoko, vababa vepilgrim. Pfungwa yake, mumusoro, yakajeka: vanhu vaitsvaka rusununguko rwechitendero. Uye vakaita rwendo rurefu uye rwakaoma kune izvi. Zvino zita iri rakatotanga midzi pakati pezvematongerwo enyika. Uye shure kwechinguva chidetembi wechiChirungu F. D. Hamans akanyora nhetembo yake "Kuuya kwePilgrim Fathers kuNew England". Asi izvi, zvechokwadi, haisi nyaya yose. Vokutanga vafambi vechokwadi vaipfuura muEurope yekare. Vaifamba zvikuru kuenda kuNyika Tsvene, kuJerusarema.

Mugwagwa wevapilgrim - chii ichi?

Inonziwo nzira yeSt. James. Uye anotungamirira vafambi vemunyika yose kuenda kuguva remuapositori, uri muSantiago de Compostela yeSpain. Asi pane imwe nzira yemapilgrim. Iri ndiro zita remugwagwa wekare wedombo muJerusarema. Pamusoro pazvo, vatendi vakaenda kumhechi yechitendero.

Pane kamwe pane imwe nguva

Chii chakakurumbira kune murume uyu, kuti zviuru zvevafambi vanoenda kwaari, zvinogona kumira chete denda dema. Ikokupedzisira, sekuzivikanwa, kwakaurayirwa hafu yevanhu vekuMiddle Europe. Ava vafambi vano, pasina mubvunzo, vatoziva.

Kana iwe uchitenda chirevo, mupositora akafa rufu rwekufira muna 44 mugore rekuzvarwa kwaKristu muNyika Tsvene. Uye marara ake akaiswa muchikepe uye akasunungurwa muGungwa reMediterranean. Izvo zvakaitika kuti iyi ngarava yakanyengerwa kumahombekombe eSpain, uko mutsvene ataurwa ataurwa munguva yehupenyu hwake. Izvo zvaionekwa sechishamiso. Ichokwadi, izvi zvakaitika muna 813 chete. Zvadaro kumhenderekedzo areka ine zvisizvo zvisingaoneki yakawanikwa nemumwe mutongi-anonzi Pelayo.

Humi yezana remakore gare gare, kereke yakavakwa pano nekutongwa kwaMambo Alfonso III. Uye nzvimbo iyo yakanzi yakafanana neComppostela ("nzvimbo yakasarudzwa nenyeredzi").

Pane nheyo dzokuti mupositori akazviratidza nenzira inoshamisa uye akabatsira munguva yehondo neVaMoor. Chero zvazviri, akatanga kutaridzirwa somubati weSpain. Munguva yehupenyu hwaSt. James, akaitawo rwendo rurefu, semu pilgrim. Kuti izvi zvingaita kuti ave mutariri wevose vanofambira, aisambofungidzira ipapo. Nenzira, akapfuura kubva kuNzvimbo Tsvene kuenda kuSpain.

Zvichakadaro, guta reCommpostela, sezvo mumwe wevaapositori gumi navaviri akavigwa munharaunda yaro, iri kuva shrine kwete yeSpain chete, asi yepasi rose reKaturike.

Pane nhoroondo yokuti mambo Charles the Great akarota. Mariri, Ishe vakamuratidza nzira inoenda kunzvimbo tsvene-iyo Milky Way, iyo yakapfuura nomuFrance neSpain. Uye Mwari akamuraira kuti abvise nzira yevafambi veMorori. Iyo yekupedzisira yakanga yakakosha zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwetsika. Mambo akatumira mauto ikoko uye, mumwe angati, akavhara nzira.

Uye apo muzana remakore rechigumi nemazana, korona yeSpain yakagadzwa neuto rehondo reSt. James, iro basa rayo raiva rokudzivirira vafambi, nzira iyi yakava yakawanda "yakanaka."

Kompostela yakaenzana neRoma neJerusarema - Papa Kalikst II akapa vatendi vanoenda ikoko, kodzero yekugutsikana. Kubvira panguva iyo nzvimbo yakave yakakurumbira zvikuru. Mapilgrim aitumwa kubva kumativi ose enyika. Uye mugwagwa wevapilgrim wakakura pamusoro pemachechi nemapurisa, izvo zvaive nemigumisiro yakanaka pamamiriro emari enyika.

Parizvino, mugwagwa wakaiswa nenzira yakadai yokuti vafambi vemugwagwa vaifamba munzira vaigona kushanyira dzimwe nzvimbo - zvinyorwa zveKutenda Mutsvene, Mary Magdalene nevamwe vazhinji. Yakapfuura nomugwagwa uyu uye vafambi vanozivikanwa. Izvi, somuenzaniso, ndiBhishopi Godescalk.

Muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, mugwagwa wakadzoka zvakare. Uye negore rimwe nerimwe gore nhamba yevafambi vanofamba nayo inongokura chete.

Nzira

Mugwagwa unotanga kumaodzanyemba kweFrance nePyrenees, zvinokwanisika kupfuura nemapfupa eRonseval kana Somport. Asi kuSpain nzira iyi inobva kuPamplona nekuSantiago de Compostela. Inonziwo "mugwagwa wemadzimambo eFrance".

MuMiddle Ages, vafambi vanoenda ikoko, vakatungamirira muMirai Yenzira. Iye, maererano nenyengeri, akakwevera mudenga iyeye mutsvene. Saka akaratidza nzira kuno kuna Emperor Charles the Great. Nokudaro, boka iri renyeredzi iri mudenga rinowanzonzi "nzira yeSt James".

Mukupedzisa

Saka, pilgrim - ndiani uyu? Chokutanga pane zvose, mutendi. Ane chinangwa uye nzira yaanofanira kuifamba nayo kuti aite nayo. VaPilgrim vakanga vari munguva yakapfuura, iripo iye zvino uye, mune zvose zvingave, ichave mune ramangwana. Zvinoremekedza kuti vazhinji vekuAmerica vanoyeuka uye vanozvirumbidza pamusoro pokuti madzitateguru avo vaiva vanhu vanonamata zvikuru. Zvichida, rimwe zuva vatori vekutanga vachatumidzwawo kumapuraneti ari kure.