Mutemo 48-FZ "Mukuchengetedza nekuchengetedza" nemashoko

48-FZ "Pa Guardianship uye Curatorship" inorayira ukama hune chokuita nekugadzwa, kushandiswa nekugumiswa kwekuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwevana vaduku. Ichi chinyorwa chicharondedzera zvinyorwa zvemurairo wemutemo.

Mutemo wepamutemo

2 Nyaya ФЗ Nha. 48 inopa pfungwa dzinokosha dzinoshandiswa muitiro wekusimudzira. Chii chiri kuchengetedzwa? Maererano neMutemo, iyi ihurumende yakarongeka yevagari vechidiki vane vatarisi vanove vagari veRussian Federation. Vamiririri vanogadzwa nevakuru vane kodzero. Nzvimbo yavo sevamiriri vepamutemo yemuduku yakatemwa. Izvo zvikamu zvose zvezviito zvakakosha zvakagadzirwa nevarindi vanopikisa mwana zvinonzi kuchengetedzwa.

Pfungwa yekuchengetedza yakasiyana nekuchengetwa. Maererano neMutemo, iyi ihurumende yakasarudzwa yevasati vema-vagari vasiri vasiri vemudiki (vane makore 14 kusvika kune vakawanda). Vamiriri vepamutemo yemunhu asina kukodzera mutemo akagadzwa nemasangano ehurumende vanofanira kunyatsobatsira mukushandiswa kwekodzero nemabasa ewadi. Makadhi anonzi ari mugari, anorindwa nevamiriri vepamutemo.

Mabasa uye mazano ehurumende mutemo

Maererano ne48-FZ "Pamusoro pekuchengetedza uye trusteeship", hurumende inofanirwa kunge inofanirwa kukurudzira vana vechikoro. Nokudaro, mabasa emitemo yehurumende anofanira kusanganisira:

• Kuvimbisa kushandiswa kwemasimba avo nevanomiririra nevatongi;
• Kuvimbisa hutano hwakanaka hwehupenyu hwevanhu vari pasi pekutarisirwa;
• Kuvimbisa kunzwisiswa kwehutano hwevagari vemo vanoda kuchengetedzwa kana kuchengetedzwa;
• Kudzivirirwa kwekusununguka, kodzero uye zvinodiwa nevarwere;
• Hurumende inotsigira masangano epamutemo uye vanhu, avo vane mabasa anosanganisira kukurudzirwa kwekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza.

FZ Nha. 48 (yakashandurwa musi waNovember 28, 2015) inogadzirisawo nheyo dzinokosha dzebasa iri mubvunzo. Pano zvakakodzera kufananidzira:

• Kunyatsotarisa kutarisa kwekuita kwebasa nevanomiririra nevatongi;
• Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero uye zvinodiwa nevatengi;
• Kubvuma kwakasununguka nevagari vemabasa avo munharaunda iri kutaurwa.

Zvisizvo zvakakosha kutaurira nezvemabasa uye kodzero dzekutenderera miviri yehurumende.

Kodzero nemabasa ekuchengetedza uye mitumbi yehutrust

Mutemo 48-FZ "PaTrastihip" muChitsauko 2 inogadzirisa masimba makuru nemabasa emitumbi yenyika inoshandisa masimba munharaunda iri mubvunzo. Ndezvipi zviitiko izvi? Maererano neChitsauko 6, aya ndiwo masangano makuru enyika.

Mabasa emitambo yakadaro inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kudzivirirwa kwemasununguko, kodzero uye zvinodiwa zvepamutemo zvevanhu vanoda kuchengetedzwa kana kuchengetedzwa nevagari;
• Kuchengetedza kwehutano hwekuita kwemabasa avo nevanomiririra nevatongi;
• Kudzora pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kweimba yevana vaduku pasi pekutarisa kwevanhu vakakodzera kana masangano.

Inofanirawo kuonekwa kuti, maererano ne 48-FZ "Pamusoro pekuchengetedza uye trusteeship", masangano ehurumende ari mubvunzo ane marudzi anotevera ekodzero:

• Kumhanyira kumatare nekutaura pamusoro pekudiwa kwekuziva kuti vagari venyika sevasina kukwanisa kana kuti vanogona kuita zvishoma;
• Kubudiswa kwepamutemo kwevatongi kana vatarisiri kubva mukuita kwemabasa avo;
• Mumiriri wezvido zvevana vaduku panguva yekutongwa;
• Kubudiswa kwemvumo yekugara pamwe chete kana kuparadzana kwevatrusti kana vatariri vane ward;
• Kuongorora hupenyu hwehupenyu munzvimbo dzinogara maadhidhi, pamwe nemamwe masimba.

Saka mutemo, unonyatsorongedza mitemo yepamusoro yakabatana nepamutemo wepamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvechiito chekuita.

Pamusoro pemutemo wevatongi nevatariri

48-FZ "Pamusoro pekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza" inogadzirisa mitemo inoratidzira unhu hwepamutemo hwekutongwa kwemutemo. Nokudaro, Chitsauko 10 chinotarisana nenzira yekugadzirisa vagari vane mukana wekuve vamiriri vepamutemo wediki. Heano zvinotevera zvinotevera:

• Muchengeti kana muteresi anopa chibvumirano chakanyorwa;
• Inotangira chikwata chekuchengetedza chave chapfuura nekubudirira;
• Guardian kana trustee munhu anokwanisa, mukuru, anokwanisa mugari webasa rebasa.

Mutemo weBurumende Nha. 48-FZ "Pamusoro peUrdianship uye Trusteeship" inogadza nhamba yakawanda yemitemo, mitemo uye zvakananga zvakabatana nekugadzwa nekugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvakakodzera.

Zvakasiyana, zvakakosha kusimbisa kodzero nemabasa evanhu vanozvimirira ivo, avo vari vamiriri vepamutemo vevana.

Mabasa evamiriri vepamutemo

Chinyorwa che15 chinotaura kuti masimba nemabasa evatongi nevatariri zvinotungamirirwa neChishanu neMhuri. Vatongi, maererano nemutemo, ndivo vanomiririra mutemo wemucheche, uye naizvozvo vanofanira kuchengetedza kodzero dzake nezvinodiwa munzira dzose. Vagari vakagamuchira chimiro chevamiriri vepamutemo vanofanira kukurumidza kuzivisa zviremera zvakakodzera pamusoro pekushanduka kwekugara kana kusasipo kwenguva pfupi pakero.

Vatariri nevatariri vane kodzero yekuwana kurapa kwakanakisisa, zvekudzidzisa, zvepfungwa, zvepamutemo uye chero rubatsiro rwumwe. Uyezve, mutemo unotonga kodzero dzeimba yevagari vemo. Vachakurukurwa mberi.

Pamusoro pekodzero yemitengo yevatrusti nevatariri

Mutemo unogadza mutemo mumwechete unokosha: maadhireti haana kodzero yepfuma yeimba yevamiririri vavo vepamutemo. Uye pane zvinopesana, kana vatrasti kana vatrasti vanogona kutora nzvimbo yemadhidhi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubatsirwa, pensions, alimony, zvikomborero uye mamwe mararamiro anobatsira.

Mutemo wehurumende unogadza humwe humwe hweimba yemhuri ine maadhidhi nevarindi. Nokudaro, varindi vemauto vehurumende vane kodzero yekushandisa pfuma yevatongi vavo vepamutemo nemvumo yavo. Vatariri nevatariri havana kodzero yekushandisa pfuma yewadi pane zvavanoda.

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti imba yemadhidhi iri pasi pekuchengetedzwa. Mutemo weBurumende Nha. 48-FZ "Pamusoro peUkuchengetedza neUkuchengetedza" inogadzirisa izvi. Kudzivirirwa kwepfuma yevana vaduku kunoitwa nevamiririri vepamutemo. Nhamba yeimba inenge iripo inofanira kuitwa.

Kurega kweimba

Va Guardians nevatongi vanogona kutora nzvimbo yewadi kunze kwokunge vasaina gwaro rakapiwa nehurumende yekuchengetedza. Sezvatotaurwa, kurasa kwepfuma yemwana hakufaniri kutevera zvinangwa zvake. Saka, inobvumirwa kuisa mari yedare mubhangi yebhangi kana kutenga inshuwalisi. Zvinorambidzwa kupinda muzvibvumirano zvezvikwereti kana zvibvumirano zvezvikwereti panzvimbo yeiye munhu anotarisirwa. Mutemo unotaura nezvemutoro wekuendesa chivako chemuduku kune chikwereti kana kushandiswa.

Chitsauko 20 chinotaura kuti pfuma isingatauri haigone kuparadzaniswa kunze kweizvi:

• Kunyoresa kwerenda inofanirwa kuvimba;
• Kumanikidzirwa kumanikidzirwa;
• Alienation of real estate muzviitiko zveunhu hunoshamisa (chido chekurapa kwakanyanya kwewadi, nezvimwewo);
• Kuchinja kwekugara kwemunhu kuti achengetedzwe.

Chitsauko 22 chinopa kodzero yemutrasti kuti iite kusabhadhara kwekutengesa kwakaitwa nevatengi vake pasina kubvumirwa nemumiririri wemutemo.

Kutarisirwa kwemaitiro evamiriri vepamutemo

48-FZ "Pa Guardianship and Trusteeship muRussian Federation" inotaura kudikanwa kwekutungamirirwa nehurumende dzehurumende dzakakodzera kune vamiriri vevana vaduku. Kutarisa uku kunoitika sei?

Mitumbi yekuchengetedza uye trusteeship inofanira kutungamirirwa nemitemo yakagadzwa neHurumende yeRussian Federation. Mune dzimwe nguva dzenguva, vamiririri vezviremera zvakakodzera vanofanira kuuya kunzvimbo yekugara kwevatarisiri, uye kuitisa kuongorora kwakanaka kwehumba uye mararamiro. Kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yedare, nguva yekugutsikana kwezvinodiwa zvake zvinosimbiswa. Zvisizvo zvakaratidza kusungirwa kwevanhu vasingagamuchirwi kuti vauye kune avo vezvematongerwo enyika masangano pamusoro pezvokwadi yokuputsa kodzero dzemwana muduku pasi pewadi. Kodzero dzakadaro dzinenge dziine maadhidhi pachavo: dzinogona kuteterera pamusoro pezviito kana kutadza kwevabati vavo kana vatarisiri mudare.

Va Guardians nevateresi vanofanirwa kutora mishumo inokosha uye kuapa kuzviremera zvakakodzera mushure meFebruary 1 gore negore. Mishumo inofanira kunge ine ruzivo pamusoro pemamiriro eimba yewadi, nzvimbo yekuchengetedza kwayo kana kubhadhara. Mushumo unogamuchirwa nehurumende yekuchengetedza uye chetritieship uye inochengetwa mufaira rega.

Nezvemhosva

Maererano ne48-FZ ye 24.04.2008 "Nekuchengetedza", vatariri nevadzidzisi vane basa rekutengeserana panzvimbo yemadhidhi avo. Mutoro munyaya ino unotungamirirwa nemitemo yehurumende. Vamiriri vezvemitemo vemuduku vanofanira kufungidzira nezvekukuvadzwa kunoitwa pfuma yewadi. Kana mhosva yevatarisi kana vatrusti ikasimbiswa, hurumende dzinotonga dzichaita basa rinokosha uye inopa kune vagari vane mhosva zvinoda kubhadhara kukanganisa kwakaitwa kumawadi.

Kusiyana, basa revamiriri vepamutemo rinotungamirirwa neCriminal Code yeRussian Federation. Nokuda kukanganisa kuhutano hwepfungwa kana mumuviri wemunhu ari kurinda, vatadzi vanofanira kuendeswa kururamisiro.

Simba rekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza iro rinotarisirwawo. Izvi zvinoratidzwa muChitsauko 28 cheMutemo weDare reApril 24, 2008 (48-FZ "On Guardianship and Guardianship"). Kudzora pamusoro penyaya yacho kunoitwa nevatungamiriri vanobva kune rimwe guru rebazi rehurumende yeRussian Federation. Saka, kana sangano rekuchengetedza rakakonzera kukuvadza kumawadi nekuda kwekusagadzikana kana kuita zvisinofanira kutongwa, ipapo nyaya yacho inotangwa maererano nemutemo weRussian Federation.

Pakugumisa kuchengetedzwa kana kuchengetedzwa

Maererano neChitsauko 29 che 48th Federal Federal "On Guardianship" (nemashoko uye kuchinja kwaNovember 28, 2015), kuchengetedza kana kuchengetedzwa kunofanira kubviswa mumatambudziko anotevera:

• Rufu rwewadi kana mumiriri wemutemo;
• Kupera kwechirongwa chekugadzwa kwemutirasi kana mutariri;
• Kusunungurwa kana kubviswa kwemutirasi kana mutariri kubva pamabasa emabasa avo.

Vatariri kana vateresi vanogona ivo pachavo kuramba kugadzirisa mabasa avo. Sangano rehurumende rinofanira kuvasunungura kana mamiriro anotevera aripo:

• Kupesana kwezvinodiwa zvakakodzera zvewadi;
• Kuipa kushanda kwemabasa;
• Kucherechedza kukanganisa kwakakosha nemuviri wehurumende.

Hurumende yekutsigira

Chitsauko 7 chemurairo uri mubvunzo chinogadzirisa maitiro makuru ekutsigirwa kwehurumende kune vanhu uye masangano edzimhosva anoita basa rekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwevana vaduku.

Pano unokwanisa kusiyanisa:

• Kuisa mukana wezvakabatsiri uye zvikomborero kumadhidhi;
• Kusarudza kwekubhadhara kwemari yezvinodiwa nevamiriri vepamutemo.

Mari yacho inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenharaunda yeRussian Federation.