Tula, zvinokwezva uye nzvimbo dzokugara: pikicha uye tsanangudzo pfupi

Kana kufunga kuburikidza akaenderei Russia zvinofanira hazvo ubatanidzwe hurongwa Tula. Attractions uye mushanyi yenzira achipfuura guta rino, richava dzinonakidza kuti vakuru nevana, navatorwa uye vagari Russian.

History mu pfupi

Formal akanyorwa kutaura Tula, dating 1146 gore. Architectural, tsika uye nhoroondo nhaka guta riri chaizvo akapfuma. Zvisinei, guta ruzivo ndakajeka kwete chete, asiwo nguva akaoma nhoroondo.

Muna ra1382, zvakava kuziva akawana yaMakoronike, Tula rakaparadzwa munguva nechisimba Khan Tokhtamysh. Hatidi chete kuuya pano Tartars Zolotaya Orda. Paitonga Ivan III veguta vakatanga chevatatu sezvo Moscow hugota. Uye muzana remakore rechi17 yakakundwa Ivan Bolotnikov.

Panguva yaitonga Mambo Alexei Mikhailovich zvakare Tula raive rakasimba, nekuti ipapo akazaruka maoko kugadzirwa. Pashure mumwe remakore Peter Ndakasarudza kuti chaiva zvombo fekitari anovhura muna Tula. Kwakadaro rakavakwa Nikita Demidov.

zvinonakidza

In avaiita yako vaisanganisira Tula? Attractions uye mushanyi yenzira kunhivi guta kubatsira kuwana kuzivana ichi nzvimbo wekare, nhasi anozivikanwa pasi rose. Asi pamazuva akare, zvinhu zvaiva zvishoma zvakasiyana, sezvinoratidzwa zvawo zita musha. Philologists vanoti zita racho rinobva pashoko "Zatula", iro rinoreva nzvimbo yakavanda, yakavanda.

Saka zita rwizi, ruchiyerera ari mhandara masango. Uye nanhasi yava rakaramba zita rayo nhoroondo - Tulitsa. Asi pamusoro gang uye gare gare akashevedza kugarwa kuti akaramba achikura dzarwo.

Kuenda tourist Pamigwagwa Tula, mufambi anodzidza kuti guta Akakwezva vari simba muna 1146 apo akatsvaka ruponeso kubva vavengi Novgorod-Seversky Prince. First akaenda vyatichi, uye kubva ikoko Tula, apo akasarudza kuunganidza mutero, pasi nyika pedyo pachayo. Somugumisiro, kutaurwa musha kutanga kunyorwa vaitova. Zvino, zvichiri kujeka Tula akaonekwa chii gore.

nzira nhoroondo

Chimwe shanduro sei muguta akauya mukurumbira, rinobatanidza yekare nhoroondo Tatars uye mudzimai Khan. Achitarira kumativi rainzwika Tula nezuva rimwe, mufambi vachanzwa ngano, mudzimai Khan yakanga ainzi Taydula. Kwakanga kuno uye paiva zita kugarwa.

Kwapera nguva akapinda nhaka Prince Oleg, uye gare gare akaonekwa Dmitry Donskoy.

The Strategic ukoshi

Mumazuva akare, Tula akanga asina kumbosiyana nemamwe misha pedyo. Yakanga yava duku, asi kubva muvengi akadzivirira tirongo. Pakutanga vanhu vakagara pachitsuwa chiduku akaumba Tulitsa uye Upoy.

City akatama kubva machinda Ryazan of Moscow, asi haana vakava yakazvimirira. Tula aiva sokuronga inokosha, nokuti nhare akavaka pano akabvumira kudzivirira kumaodzanyemba kuswedera. Ndokusaka zviri saka akapfuma munhoroondo rechiuto, inozivikanwa Tula nzira. Attractions uye mushanyi kukwezvwa pfungwa - asiwo munda pakanga hondo Kulikov, sezvo chiitiko ichi chakaitika pedyo neguta. hondo inokosha chakaitika muna 1380.

Tula Kremlin

Kana rwendo kunobatanidzwa Tula, zvinokwezva uye nzvimbo dzokugara kuita pasina rudo okufamba veko Kremlin. Uye mazuva ano ndiwo chinokosha kuvakwa wekare anotarisa kukuru, achiratidza rwokuramba emapuranga mapurani, ane nyanzvi dzave kugara idzi-chizvarwa mhizha.

Kremlin - kufanana nechitoyi, uye runako rwake haasiyi hanya. Zvinonzi zvomuzana remakore rechi16, apo Russia aida nenhare, izvo yaizobatsira kuzvidzivirira kurwisa Crimean Tatars. Nhasi kuvaka Haasisina kuridza inokosha kukosha, asi akava chiratidzo muguta, achikwezva kuziva vashanyi vanobva munyika dzakasiyana.

Chokutanga, Kremlin yakavakwa mumugwagwa mukuru, wakabereka zita Muravskaya Way. Kuti wakaenda Crimean zvehondo rudzi, kuvimba mupfumi zvakatorwa nechisimba. Zvakangoitikawo kuti masvingo zvakanga simba kudzivirira guta, uye chivako apiwa chakavakwa pamahombekombe kuruboshwe, hazvisi pasi nemafashamo.

Kana urongwa rako raiva Tula, zvinokwezva uye nzvimbo yenzira hazvo abate munhu anoda kuziva nemahombekombe Upa, nisin Rzhevsk Gati, uyewo rinonyatsooneka kubva uto nemaonero pamusoro mharadzano of Upoy Murawski Shlyach.

Rokuvakazve uye kudzoreredzwa Kremlin

Sezvo pakuvaka yekare, hazvina chete achirapwa kugadzirisa. Kunyanya, rokugadziridza rave musi chirongwa pamusoro Catherine II muna 1784. Sezvo Empress haana kuisa pamberi vashandi basa kuchengetedza pakuonekwa mamiriro, iye Kremlin ano rakanyatsojeka kusiyana nouya akanga adarika.

Chimwe gadziridzo kwave kwakatanga makore 1820. Rakanga ipapo yakashongedzwa yemapuranga cupola domes. Zvisinei, vakararama isingasviki zana. Atova XX remakore imba yose outbuildings uye mamwe nyika yakanga pedyo hupere. Panguva iyoyo, zvinokosha, akanaka uye kare chinokosha pakuvaka kwete akazviratidza yerenje, asi akava guta marara. Ndima asina kucheneswa, uye zvino ari akasarudza kuvaka nhandare. Kremlin ndiye yakabatana girinihausi zvakaoma uye matsi fekitari fenzi.

kuchinja zvinokosha munhoroondo Tula Kremlin kwakaitika muna 1948, apo hurumende yeSoviet yakasarudza pamusoro pokudzorerwa. Basa rakapera muna 1957, kudzorera shongwe uye masuo. Muna 1975 akatanga kudzorera Cathedral of kubvuma.

Kana kurongwa pfupi rwendo urwu guta rekare, ona rainzwika Tula anogona kuva zvishoma kushanyira Kremlin ndima. Zviri pano kuti zvose zvikuru dzinonakidza uye chinokosha panyaya munhau.

Church Gumi neVaviri

Kana moona zvisakamboonekwa uye Tula nharaunda, uchaona kuti havasi machechi akawanda. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu ari kuipa ezvinhu mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, riri kunyanya kushamisa kana iwe kutarira pamepu, zviri nzvimbo chakakurisa, zvikuru dzine vanhu vakawanda nevanhu.

Mostly Tula chechi iri pakati peguta. Asi diocesan machira ane XIX remakore akanyora kuti aivapo machechi havagoni kusangana vanhu zvinodiwa.

Dambudziko rave Akakwezva Preosvyaschennogo Pitirima Anosungwa zvikamu izvi muna 1896. Panguva iyoyo, akanga asarudza nokuparura imwe purogiramu yokuvaka makereke pamusoro kweguta. Ndizvo chaizvo waradzikwa:

• Church Gumi neVaviri.
• Zion Church.
• Holy Znamenskoye.
• Church anonzi Feodosiya Chernigovskogo.

The dzinonakidza zvikuru nyaya Gumi neVaviri dzekereke, pakutanga yakavakwa huni. Unobatsira mukusika akanga ane matanda nomushambadzi muridzi vapfumi dzokuchengetera kumaodzanyemba kumucheto musha. Mukusika temberi akabatsira uye Providence, saka pakuvaka kereke yakanga mukurusa Nikolskoye Chistikov. Joint kuita vakakwanisa kuisa tembere yakagadzirwa nemiouki, gare gare kwakatsiviwa nebwe.

Tichifunga kuti anomirira Tula zvinokwezva (mufananidzo - papeji ino), kuva nechokwadi kutarira mukati menyika mudziyo temberi. Akaronga nekuhumisa atari matatu muzita:

• Gumi neVaviri.
• Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.
• Catherine.

Temberi Serafima Sarovskogo

Iva nechokwadi kushanyira temberi iyi kana paine guta Tula uye zvinokwezva ako yokufamba avaiita. Open daily. Yokunamata rinotanga 8 am uye basa manheru akasungwa, kutanga - panguva chaizvo 5:00. Kune kugara nziyo, wakaitwa musi neChina, neChishanu uye misi yeSvondo.

Nhoroondo yekereke ichi chakatanga muna 1905. Ndokumisa chivakwa pamusoro mari dzinounzwa vatengesi Stefanovic uye Ermolaevo-Zvereva. Pane vagara kushanda utiziro mumugwagwa vana, vakwegura. Chronicles vanoti muna 1914, kutarisirwa temberi yaiva vanhu 130..

Mugore diocesan mapepanhau ose Serafima Sarovskogo Temple akanyora kuti akachena uye unodziya, sezvinoita chapel. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Saint Seraphim vaifarira kunyengetera muchitokisi dukuduku, akagara nokuzvininipisa uye akadzivirira chokubata. The Church kunoenderana zvizere mararamiro ake uye tsika.

Muna 1976 chechi muruoko Archive dhipatimendi remunharaunda Executive Committee. Yaifanira kurishandisa gwaro chekuchengeta. Ndima was matsi munharaunda pano akashongedzerwa kirabhu.

Asi muna 2002 paiva kudzoka kuchechi inokosha zvivako shure vatendi. Yokunamata kokutanga pashure yakareba yokumbozorora wakaitwa 4 October, 2002.

Kana wako temberi avaiita, Tula, varipo, mapikicha Zvigaro zvoumambo nechokwadi kufadza vafambi. Zvino vaviri, vaviri unogona kutora mufananidzo, kana kuti kushanyira temberi iyi. Aritari vanonzi pashure:

• Serafima Sarovskogo.
• Serafima Vyritskogo.

Muna 2004, apo chechi aikwanisa kuvhura chevana Sunday school. Achirapwa kudzorerwa, kugadziridza, rokuvakazve, zvakagadzirirwa kudzorera sechivako enhoroondo kutarira.

Zvakadini makeke?

Uri kuda Tula, varipo, mapikicha nematsananguriro? Zvadaro iva nechokwadi kuti kuteerera Tula gingerbread. Zvakangoitikawo kuti akanga achangobva chiratidzo muguta. Vasingakurumidzi kubvunza - kunyange vagari Sakhalin, kunyange Kaliningrad, kunyange Caucasus, munhu wose achaziva pamusoro Tula gingerbread. Kamwe ari muguta, unogona kunakidzwa manyoro, rinonaka, anonhuwira, nemamwe confectionery. Impossible kurwisa!

Gingerbread uye samovar - kuti vaviri vatambi chikuru mafungiro vanhu Russian. Tula gingerbread kudhindwa kubva XVII remakore. Kuti uzive kuti zvinoitwa sei asati uye sei kugadzirwa chichasimbiswa zvino, kuziva mhando makeke uye vanowana freshest zvigadzirwa, unogona kushanyira vemo miziyamu "Tula gingerbread".

Sezvo makarekare kusvikira nhasi

ngano Local vanoti gingerbread Tula akatanga kuita kare - refu asati samovars uye pfuti. Mushure kushanyira miziyamu, unogona maziso nechokwadi chokuti twakadai - hazvina chikafu chete zvakanaka, asi zvavo unyanzvi.

Zvakangoitikawo kuti twakadai kuRussia aiva chiratidzo zvakanaka, kubudirira mumba. Kumba, aiwanzotaura akava mutsika chinhu.

Kana wako nzira Tula, zvinokwezva, chii kuona muguta, chichinetsa gingerbread? Regai kurasikirwa pamberi zvikuru zvivezwa unoratidza ichi chinonaka dhizeti!

Imhandoi makeke varipo? Species akanga afunga zhinji, uye vari kuratidzwa mune Category miziyamu:

• wenhoroondo;
• inyoreswe;
• chirangaridzo;
• vakazvipira kuti mazororo;
• akaita kuti Kupira zviitiko (wake, michato);
• kudzwa;
• Curly.

Munguva dzekare, Tula gingerbread nguva dzose vakashanda kuti paakaenda, tafura youmambo. Sezvineiwo, vari anotaurwa kunyange "zvakaedza of Wehove uye Fish."

Uye chii ari miziyamu?

Mushure kushanyira miziyamu, unogona kuona kuti pachangu chii Cookies anobudiswa kuti okupemberera (akadai gore Hondo Kulikov), chakarairwa rukudzo Ivana Susanina sezvo immortalized zvakapembererwa varwi muhondo 1870 Russian-wokuTurkey. Special zvinhu pamwe motifs 1812 hondo asunungurwa, uyewo vakazvitsaurira ngarawa "Varyag".

Haugoni chete kurinda asiwo kudya: kutengeswa munogara chirangaridzo gingerbread uye tafura anoravira. Vaenzi sangano tii kumbozorora.

Nhasi muna Tula ishande mafekitari maviri kugadzirwa gingerbread:

• "Yasnaya Polyana".
• "Old Tula".

Uri kuda Tula zvinotyisa pamwe kero? Mavara echivande uye gingerbread miziyamu misangano: October mumugwagwa, 45a. Inopa kubva gumi mangwanani kusvikira mana masikati.

Tula samovars

Kamwe Achitaura gingerbread uye tii, tisingatauri Tula samovars. Hapana chakavanzika ichi chinhu Russian kuvamba, inova yakawanda nezvainoita tsika, tsika uye mitemo maitiro, kugamuchirwa, basa revanhukadzi.

Most mhando vakwegura - ndiko huni. Kunze Tula, yakabereka okudhindira dzakadaro, riri muMoscow uye St. Petersburg, uyewo ari Vyatka mudunhu uye Yaroslavl, munzvimbo dzakawanda. Tula ane mukana ngakuzivikanwe zvikurukuru nokuti napedyo yayo kuMoscow, zvizhinji deposits. Vakaratidza pachavo uye veko nemhizha, akanga atora pamusoro kugadzirwa uye kuvandudzika mishonga iyi yakaoma.

Vazhinji Tula fekitari uye panguva iyoyo akaita samovars uye pfuti. Pane imwe nhoroondo nguva mubasa ravo sezviri makumi mashanu! Most vari mhiri korwizi divi musha. Zviri pano kuti vakashanda kunozivikanwa vanatenzi remakore rechi19:

• Nikolai Malikov.
• Ivan Batashev.
• Vasiliy Lyalin.

Samovars kugadzirwa kubva zvemhangura uye nickel-sirivha, nendarama, kuifukidza uye wakashongedzwa silvering. Asi nheyo anogara akadurura kubva nendarira. Kubva remakore remakore, fashoni ari kuchinja, izvo zvakakanganisa shaped zvigadzirwa. Asi nzira kugadzirwa, oddly zvakakwana, anenge asina dzakachinjwa pamusoro nguva. Nokuti mukugadzira samovar zvakanaka uye vanoda kuva nhasi:

• Kobylin;
• gnedku;
• pokunamatidza;
• Metal chigero;
• chipfuriro;
• chidhindo.

Nechekare panguva pakuguma XIX remakore zvazikamwa kwerinopfuura zana okuruka samovars. In yechipiri yezana ichi remakore raiva guta rakava muzinda samovar. Uyezve, kugadzirwa ndokugadzira kwete chete mumusha asiwo nemisha pedyo.

Samovars vavo mukurumbira

Zvakaoma kufungidzira imwe kwemasimba Russian zvavo rwokugadzira pasina samovar. Manufacturers rakabudisa yakanakisisa yokutevedzera, vakanga paakavapa Medals, uyo zvino rinodhindira yakashongedzwa madziro zvigadzirwa zvitsva. By kudzidza ano zvinokwezva Tula, pikicha uye tsanangudzo pfupi, iva nechokwadi kuti kuteerera miziyamu pamusoro samovars, izvo zvinoita kuti kuziva tsoziva kusika zvakanakisisa zvinhu.

Nhasi Tula anopfuurira kuva musimboti samovar kugadzirwa. specimens Zvikuru kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa munzvimbo idzi dzinotengeswa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo munyika yose. Ivo dzaitaurwa yakanakisisa chirangaridzo zvitoro. Vintage zvinhu vari voga kuunganidza uye muunganidzwa mikuru mamiziyamu.

Tula nezvombo

Chimwe chinhu chinokwezva munhoroondo Tula revashanyi vafambi kuziva - chombo gadzira. Rave hwakagadzwa idzi kubva kare ipapo, uye fekitari wokutanga akazarura varayirwa Emperor Petra Velikogo. Nhasi unogona kushanyira chaiyo Museum, ndichizivisa muchiuto nhoroondo guta uye pamusoro kupi uye sei kuti chombo. Sezvineiwo, mumazuva ekare yakaitwa Tula chombo zvaionekwa mumwe chakanakisisa munyika!