Tools uye mhando mari negwaro

Kune mhando dzakasiyana usapinde negwaro. Zvinonzwisiswa sezvo zvose paruzhinji zviitiko inodzora yose mamiriro mari hurongwa, akabata kiyi chikwereti pamusika uye zvinhu vasiri mari kubhadhara. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha mutemo uyu - kusvika mukuru zvoupfumi zvinangwa: kudzikamisa mitengo uye zvoupfumi kukura uye kusimbisa currency.

Ndezvipi zvinangwa?

Kuitisa mari mutemo rinoitwa neHurumende uye Central Bank kudzikamisa upfumi - kusimbisa National mari, kuti mhanyisa kukura kwoupfumi, kuderedza mutengo mishonga uye zvichingodaro. Sezvo chikamu macroeconomic mutemo, kuti uise chokwadi vachishandisa siyana mari negwaro Ezvemutauro. Pakati zvinangwa zvayo Implementation vari:

• Primary, yakaitirwa kuti vaonekere basa pakati vakawanda, kuti normalize pachiyero mitengo, kudzora mitengo, mhanyisa kumhanya zvoupfumi kukura, kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye kuti vaenzanise national nengaidzo vachibhadhara.
• Zvenguva zvitarisirwa: Kuti kubata magetsi panogadziriswa kudiwa nhumbi chinonyanya zvinodyiwa uye kuderera (kuwedzera) iri mari rive. Zvinangwa izvi zviri kuitirwa kuti kukanganisa Pricing mutemo kukwezva mari uye kuwedzera basa.
• Tactical zvitarisirwa: kupfeka pfupi yenguva hanya uye kudzora mari romugove, kuti chimbadzo uye Gengi yose.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana mari mutemo, uye mumwe mamiriro ane mukana kusarudza imwe mhando mitemo, kufungisisa zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, kunyanya kukura kugadzirwa, ukuru nebasa uye zvichingodaro.

nyoro negwaro

Feature munyoro mari chezvawanyora kuti anokurudzira sectors siyana hwenyika nokuchinja mubereko rates kuwedzera mari rive. Central Bank panguva iyoyo kuitwa nhamba remapazi:

• Tenga kuchengetedzeka hurumende, uye kuurayiwa remapazi kunze pamusoro pamusika rakashama. Agamuchira mari hwakatamisirwa matura nemabhengi uye nhoroondo vemo. Vanonzi mutemo zvakachipa mari kunoita kuti mari romugove uye kuvandudza mari kugona masangano rwezvemabhengi.
• Bank of reRussia basa - kuderedza mwero kunonyanyisa kuti bhangi kuchengeterwa, izvo zvaizoita kuti mukana achirumbidza sectors siyana hupfumi bhora zvakawanda zvikuru.
• Akaderedza chimbadzo, izvo zvinobatsira yezvokutengeserana mabhanga - vanogona kutora zvimwe zvakanaka kune zvikwereti. Ukuwo, zvinokanganisawo kuwedzera bhuku zvikwereti akabudisa kune vakawanda, asi pane zvakawanda zvakanaka mashoko. Saka, anotanga kukwezva mamwe mari dziri deposits.

Kutaura zvazviri, mutemo zvakachipa mari ndehwokuti richikura kubhengi chikwereti kuti kuderedza interest of chikwereti. Somugumisiro, mukanyiwa mari wechiGeorgian inowedzerawo.

Zvakasimba mari negwaro

It ndehwokuti kusuma mitemo siyana kuchengeta mari kukura kuti mitengo yave ine. Zvinotevera akavhiyiwa vakatakudzwa kubva mu kuumbwa of Central Bank of vaitofanira mutemo:

• yakawedzera bhangi kuchengeterwa muganhu kuderedza mari kukura;
• vakawedzera kubva muzana mwero inovhika nokukwereta kubva CBA uye miganhu anokweretesa vakawanda, sezvo zvakaguma nenzira iyi woutsinye mari zvitengeswa kukura;
• vakatengesa hurumende kuchengetedzeka mabhanga.

Musimboti "simba mutemo"

Dear mari Gwaro iri kuitwa panyaya kana zvakakodzera kuramba hwega Gengi, kana zvakakodzera, kuti kuderedza kudiwa dzimwe mari. Uyewo, izvi zvinoita kuti nokuchengeta mitengo mukati imwe framework. Implementation mitemo yakadaro kunogona kutungamirira zvose zvakanaka uye zvakaipa:

• dzinovhurika mumari kwemauto dzisiri dzemari, sezvo paine kuwedzera mubereko prices pamusoro deposits;
• kusarudzwa kunoitika emakambani maererano mwero kunyatsoshanda - kuti vanozova nemukana kutora dzinodhura kumabhanga.

Asi inodikanwa mari mutemo ine zvainovhiringidzawo ayo. Saka, bhuku anomukweretesa kunoderedza pachava kuderera mune upfumi. Vanokura uye mari chokuita ndichifumira chikwereti basa kuti zvichaita kutsamwisa mitengo kubva mari. The rwezvemabhengi Hurongwa pacharo anorasikirwa mune runyararo.

Expansionary negwaro

Kunewo mamwe marudzi usapinde mutemo ari anotokonya uye anodzidzisa. The zvinangwa kutanga tikarega ari dhisikaundi zvazvingava, zviri normalized kukosha kuchengeterwa zvinodiwa, mukuwedzera, mutemo kwakadaro chokuita achitenga ehurumende yesangano iri pamusika rakashama. Zviito zvakadaro kutorwa neHurumende panguva apo pane vakawanda kuderera mune upfumi. Gwaro basa - kuedza kumisa zvinonyatsorehwa kukura kwemabasa munyika, kuwedzera upfumi basa vemo.

contractionary negwaro

Izvi mhando mugwaro vanomira chiito, uye basa rayo - kuderedza zvinonyatsorehwa kupiwa mari. Somugumisiro, akarirasa mutemo wenyika Central Bank chinoratidzwa kutengeswa ehurumende yesangano, ichiwedzera kufarira prices uye amboshandurirwa normalized kukosha kuchengeterwa zvinodiwa, izvo zvinofanira akawedzera. Gwaro iri kuitwa panguva apo pane kudiwa kaza mitengo uye rutapudzo bhizimisi basa.

Ezvemutauro chii?

Monetary negwaro rine zvinangwa zvayo uye nezvekushandisa kuti kuzadzisa. Vane pachake kupatsanura yavo:

• Zvichienderana matambudziko zvinhu zvinosanganisira munowanika usapinde mutemo, sezvo mbiri kuwedzera uye chikwereti manikidzira. Wokutanga chishandiso ndehwokuti kuwedzera pamwero basa uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa. Credit manikidzira rinoitwa kuti vadzivirire nyika upfumi kubva wakawedzera basa uye kuderedza mitengo.
• Zvichienderana chimiro mari mutemo hunosanganisira kushandiswa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga zviridzwa. Direct - siyana nhungamiro, mirayiridzo nemirayiro zvinobva kuna Central Bank. Zvisina kunanga Zviridzwa anopa pokugadzwa Central Bank of dzakananga ezvinhu ari pamusika mari kuitira kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa zvavo.
• The peculiarities ari mudziyo parameters vari Qualitative uye quantitative. Wokutanga anoratidza kuti kumabhanga vari yaidzorwa zvakananga nokuda regulator, asi inotaura quantitative kukanganisa of Central Bank pamusoro mukana vezvokutengeserana mari kumasangano pakureva anomukweretesa uye nokukwereta.

Kunyatsogona mutemo pakati Central Bank

Monetary nomutemo wemadzimambo Central Bank inobva kuchinja normalized tsika reserves. Uyewo, Central Bank anogona kushandura chimbadzo, kureva kuchinja kubva muzana pachishandiswa iyo regulator kuchaita ngaateme zvikwereti rokutengesa masangano. Akaroromesawo kana kuwedzera kufarirwa prices of Central Bank unochinja nerubatsiro mari. Kana refinancing mwero zvakakwirira, makambani vezvokutengeserana zvichava shoma kukwereta yakabudisa bhuku rainzi zvikwereti zvavo sezvo isingawanzowanikwi. Ndicho zvikuru kusanduka chishandiso zvemari uye zvikwereti wokuti nyika, sezvo Central Bank duku chikamu zvikwereti, izvo hakuna kupfuura yose Vhoriyamu Bank reserves.

Monetary mutemo uye Russia chakavakirwa akadaro chombo, senzira kunyika kumusika uye akavhiyiwa chokuita kuchengetedzeka. Uyezve, akavhiyiwa zvose zviri pamusika dzisiri, uye ndiwo unhu mikuru yepfuma mabhiri uye hurumende zvisungo. Kana kutenga kuchengetedzeka, musimboti bhengi kunowedzera reserves ezvokutengeserana hurongwa. Nyanzvi dzinoti kutenga kuchengetedzeka pedyo Central Bank ndiyo kunobatsira panguva kudzikira.

Ndezvipi nzira?

The chikuru mirayiridzo usapinde mutemo ndeinotevera:

1. Chimbadzo shanduko pachinhu kushanda rinoitwa Central Bank. Mujinga chimbadzo iri rakadzokororwa pachishandiswa kaviri: prices pamusoro rubatso uye mwero refinancing kushandiswa.
2. Change Reserve zvinodiwa kune dzimwe makambani rokubhengi, izvo zvinofanira govera mari kubva vakakwereta zvedu kuchengeterwa Fund of Central Bank. kuchengeterwa zvinodiwa izvi ave mari buffer waidzora mari romugove pamisika, inodzora liquidity yacho rwezvemabhengi hurongwa.
3. Kwema kuti kuitika pamusoro kuchengetedzeka pamusika. The Reserve Bank akatenga kana kutengesa zvinyorwa wevimbiso, zvisungo, pfuma yose nemabhengi makambani. Central Bank anotenga zvisungo zviri zvikuru emura inoyerera chikwereti pangozi yakaderera uye negotiability zvakanaka mumusika.
4. Refinancing masangano rwezvemabhengi ezvokutengeserana, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuwedzera liquidity mari masangano.

Pro uye game

We kutsanangura mhando huru usapinde mutemo aishandiswa Central Bank of Russia. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mari mutemo inogona kuitwa maererano zvakasiyana apa, ukuwo, uye zvinogona kuva akasiyana chaizvo. Kushandiswa kwaro zvimwe zvakwakanakira.

Saka, kana anotokonya mitemo kudimbura mubereko rates, hunobata kukura mari uye zvimwe mari. Uyezve, zvinokanganisawo dzinonzi multiplier chaizvoizvo: rumwe rutivi, kuwedzera dhipoziti nhoroondo nemabhengi mari nerubatsiro kunowedzera, Ukuwo, zviri zvinoderedza inoenzanirana zvakunoita kuwedzera mari. Zvisinei, kushandisa mari mutemo kungatungamirira yakakwirira mitengo. Kazhinji, chero mhando usapinde mutemo zvainanga kuvandudza mamiriro hwenyika.