Theophylact Bulgarian dudziro pamusoro Gospel Mutsvene

Uye regai kuti kudzidza "The Dudziro Theophylact pamusoro Bulgaria kuna Gospel Mutsvene"! Iri ndiro basa zvikuru. munyori wayo Bhishopu Mukuru Ohrid Theophylact pamusoro kuBulgaria. Aiva akakurumbira Byzantine mufundisi uye munyori, angadzidudzira Scripture. Akararama pakupera XI - kutanga XII remakore ari Bulgarian Byzantine kudunhu (zvino Republic of Macedonia).

Theophylact Bulgarian anowanzonzi yomufaro mukuru ine, kunyange zvazvo asina ndezvomunhu vakaziva pachena vatsvene dzeChechi yeOrthodox. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti necheSalvic uye vanyori vechiGiriki uye vaparidzi kazhinji anotaura payo sezvo mutsvene uye kuti inofananidza madzibaba chechi.

Biography

Biography Theophylact Bulgarian zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Vamwe mabhuku vanoti kuti akaberekwa pashure 1050 (kusvika 1060 chaiyo) pachitsuwa Euboea, muguta Chalkis.

In Constantinople Hagia Sophia Theophylact akapa diaconate: nekuvongwa iye, akaenda kudare Emperor Parapinaka Michael VII (1071-1078). Vazhinji vanodavira kuti mushure Michael akafa, Theophylact akanzi mwanakomana wake, Prince Konstantinu Duki mudzidzisi. Pashure pezvose, mana gore-nherera, uye zvino chinzvimbo ichi kuti mudyi wenhaka, pakanga chete mai - Empress Maria, anorichengeta Theophylact Bulgarian. Zviya, iye akaribudisira kunyora zvakanaka zvinhu.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuwedzera rakanyorwa zvinhu Theophylact, tsamba kubva kuBulgaria pamwe vakawanda vakakurumbira vanhu, ugozvitumira kuBulgaria, Bhishopu Mukuru Ohrid kwakabatana ushe Komnina Alekseya (1081-1118). Theophylact kudzingwa guru, kwaakanga pasina akatambura, zvichida nokuda kuzvidzwa pamusoro autocrat mhuri Michael.

Hapana anoziva kuti nguva yakareba akagara yomufaro mukuru ine Theophylact pamusoro muBulgaria uye kana reposed. Vamwe tsamba yacho yakanyorwa kutanga XII remakore. Panguva iyoyo, apo akanga ari muruvazhe Empress Maria, asi hapana akanga apfuura kupfuura 1088-1089, muvhangeri akasika "kuraira The chamber wacho." Iri basa risingaenzaniswi, yakavimbika zvikuru mumabhuku yeChina, akanga zvikuru rakagadzirirwa mudzidzi wake, Prince Constantine. Uye muna 1092 iye akatsvaka Kesari Alekseyu Komninu nani vachivhaira eulogy.

zvisikwa

Zvinozivikanwa kuti shongwe chinokosha munhoroondo mabhuku zvakasikwa Theophylact vaiona tsamba yake. Vakapona 137 tsamba akatuma mukuru zvenyama vanhu umambo. Mutsamba idzi woWakaropafadzwa Theophylact pamusoro Bulgaria akanyunyuta pamusoro dambudziko rake. Rakanga yakanatswa maererano Byzantines uye kusemeswa kukuru, aiva venyika, kuti boka ravo necheSalvic, "hwema nedehwe remakwai."

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mishumo dzakakurumbira kumukirana, nguva dzose simuka kusati kwatombova wechipiri Bulgarian umambo, uye vo kubvira nguva nenguva mauto Dzorudzidziso nokusimudzira tsamba zhinji Feofilakt padanho Yemisi kunobva. Data pamusoro basa oumambo uye zvisingaverengeki kwokufananidzira yaitonga Komnina Alekseya Zvinokoshawo.

Yepamusoro nzira okusika Feofilakt vari kududzira of New Testament uye Old. Bhuku rino dzemagwaro. Basa kupfuura repakutanga munharaunda iyi, Chokwadi, anotaurwa so tsanangudzo kuti Evhangeri, kunyanya kuna St. Matthew. Zvinofadza kuti munyori hwaro mashoko ake pano siyana kududzirwa Ioanna Zlatousta pamusoro Tichitarisa kuwanda nomumwe Zvikamu Magwaro.

Kazhinji, Theophylact kazhinji anobvumira ndeyokufananidzira dudziro acho, dzimwe nguva kunyange zvadzikira mwero gakava nedzidziso dzakatsveyama. Theophylact Bulgarian DUDZIRO nevaapostora zviito uye nemashoko vakawanda vakasara zvakataurwa, asi magetsi mumagwaro sezvariri vakakopa kujeka manyuko IX remakore uye X remakore. Ndiye munyori zvizere upenyu Blessed Clement Ohrid.

Zvikuru ndiye polemic ake pamusoro Latins, zvakanyorwa mune mweya rokuyananisa, uye shoko gumi namashanu vakafira kutenda vakatambura pasi Julian muna Tiveriupole (Strumica).

Interesting chokwadi: muna Patrologia Graeca zvinyorwa muevhangeri wakaiswa 123 fung kusvika 126 fung vhoriyamu zvichibatanidzwa.

Commentary on Evhangeri yaMateu

Saka, Theophylact akanyora zvinoshamisa kududzirwa Evhangeri yaMateu, uye ikozvino tichaedza funga basa iri zvizere. Aiti kuti vose varume vatsvene vaigara pamberi mutemo, kwete zivo akawana kubva mumabhuku uye muzvinyorwa. Izvi zvausina kumbofunga, asi basa rake yakaratidza kuti vachaunzwa chiedza-Mutsvene, uye saka chete zivo kwaMwari: Mwari pachake akatungamirira kukurukura navo. Saka raimiririra Noa, Abrahamu, Jakobho, Isaka, Jobho uye Mozisi.

Pashure pechinguva vanhu dzakaderera uye vava kukodzera kudzidza uye kuvhenekerwa Mutsvene. Asi Mwari ndiye tsitsi, akavapa rugwaro, kuti kunyange nekuvongwa iye achayeuka naye. Theophylact anonyora kuti Kristu pachake akatungamirira kukurukura wokutanga vaapostora vake, uye ipapo akavatuma zvevapi vamazano Mutsvene atikomborere. Chokwadi, Jehovha aitarisira kuti pamusoro nguva kuchava pedzidziso uye munhu tsika kuipa, saka akafara kuti vose Evhangeri dzakanyorwa. Pashure pezvose, saka tiri kuswedera kwavari chokwadi, kwete nhema uye vemanyepo uvlechomsya tsika yedu haina kuipa.

Uye Zvechokwadi, kududzirwa Evhangeri yaMateu unovaka chaizvo basa. Kudzidza Book ukama (Mf.1: 1), Theophylact nei akakomborerwa Matthew haana kutaura, sezvinoita vaporofita, shoko "chiratidzo" kana "Shoko"? Pashure pezvose, vachingoita vakati, "Chiratidzo Isaya vanoyemurwa" (Is.1: 1) kana "Shoko rakasvika kuna Isaiah ..." (Isaya 2: 1.). Unoda kujekesa nyaya iyi? Hongu, chete kuvaoni akaenda rinopandukira uye mwoyo. Just saka akatiudza kuti Mwari anoona uye inzwi raMwari kuvanhu kutya uye havana hanya nokuti vakamuudza.

Theophylact anoti Matthew akataura pamwe akanaka, akatendeka uye aiteerera, uye saka chinhu mhando kare akati kuvaprofita. Anoti kuti chii chiri kutofunga vaporofita, vakaona pfungwa, akatarira kuburikidza Mutsvene. Just saka vakati yaiva chiratidzo.

Matthew haana pfungwa kufunga Kristu, asi mupfungwa naye akagara uye vakateerera Yake kuzvigutsa, vakamucherekedza munyama. Theophylact anonyora kuti chete saka haana kutaura: "chiratidzo kuti ndakaona," kana "kunzwisisa", asi akati: ". The Book ukama"

Next, tinodzidza kuti zita "Jesu" - Jewish, kwete Greek, uye rakashandurwa kuti "Muponesi." Pashure pezvose, shoko "Yao" vevaJudha pamusoro ruponeso.

Uye Kristu ( "Kristu" zvinoreva muchiGiriki "akazodzwa") vakadanwa vapristi navabati, nokuti kuzodzwa namafuta utsvene, akadurura kubva nyanga, rakanga kureva musoro wavo. Kazhinji, zita raIshe Jesu, uye sezvo bhishopi, nekuti akabayira pachake saMambo, uye kumba pamusoro chivi. Theophylact anonyora kuti akazodzwa nemafuta chipo, Mweya Mutsvene. Uyezve, iye muzodzwa kupfuura vamwe vose, nokuti hakuna mumwe akagarwa Mweya sezvo waIshe? Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vatsvene aita chikomborero Mutsvene. In Kristu isimba mashandiro sezvinotevera: Kristu pachake, uye consubstantial noMweya wake aisiita zvishamiso.

David

Next Theophylact akati achangopedza Mateu akati, "Jesu," Iye akati, "Mwanakomana waDhavhidhi" kuitira kuti murege kunge akafunga kuti akanga achireva mumwe Jesu. Pashure pezvose, mumazuva iwayo ini akararama unoshamisa Jesu, Mosesi, pashure mutungamiriri wevaJudha wechipiri. Asi ichi hachisi kunzi mwanakomana waDhavhidhi, mwanakomana waNuni. Akararama refu David asati aberekwa kwete kubva kurudzi rwaJudha, kubva yakauya David, asi kubva mumwe.

Nei Matthew akaisa David pamberi Abrahamu? Nokuti Dhavhidhi akanga kuvazivisa nani: akararama pashure, Abraham aizivikanwa samambo shasha. Wavabati ndiye zvinofadza yokutanga Mwari Ishe, uye akagamuchira chipikirwa kwaari, akaudzwa kuti Kristu werudzi simuka yake, nei Kristu anonzi Mwanakomana waDhavhidhi.

David here mufananidzo Kristu akaponesa: sezvo akasiya nzvimbo yaJehovha voznenavidennogo Seoul akatanga kutonga, uye Kristu wakauya munyama uye akatanga atitonge Adhamu akarasikirwa hwake, uye nesimba iro madhimoni uye zvipenyu zvose zvaakanga anazvo.

Abhurahama akabereka Isaka (Mt 1: 2.)

Next Theophylact anodudzira kuti Abrahamu aiva baba vaJudha. Ndokusaka muparidzi naye rinotanga dzinza. Uyezve, Abrahamu akanga vimbiso yokutanga: zvainzi kuti "marudzi ose acharopafadzwa kubudikidza nembeu yake."

Chokwadi, munhu kwaye vaitanga mhuri muti kwaKristu naye, nokuti Kristu ndiye mbeu yaAbhurahamu, umo tinowana nyasha zvose kuti vahedheni vakanga vava pasi mhiko.

Kazhinji, Abrahamu zvinoreva "baba Languages", uye Isaka - "kuseka", "mufaro". Sezvineiwo, muvhangeri hakuiti kunyora pamusoro mubvandiripo vana vaAbrahamu, somuenzaniso, Ishimaeri mumwe, nekuti vaJudha havana kutanga kubva kwavari, asi kubva Isaka. Zviya, Matthew akataura Judhasi nehama dzake nokuti gumi nemaviri vakabva kwavari.

Zvijeke pamusoro Evhangeri yaJohani

Uye ikozvino tarira sei Theophylact Bulgarian John achitaura. Akanyora kuti simba reMweya Mutsvene, uye sezvinoratidzwa (2 VaK 12: 9.), Uye sei isu tinotenda, kwapera muutera. Asi kwete utera muviri, asi akanyatsorongwa uye chikonzero. Sechiratidzo, akataura muenzaniso munun'una Kristu uye guru vafundisi kuti akaratidza nyasha.

baba vake aiva wehove. John pachake aivhima saizvozvo sezvo baba vake. Akanga asingakwanisi kuwana kwete chete dzidzo yechiJudha uye rechiGiriki, asi haana pa Kazan. ruzivo urwu Zvinonzi nezvake St. Luke muna Mabasa (Mabasa. 4:13). Kumusha zvaionekwa kupfuura varombo uye vanhuwo zvavo - chaiva musha, izvo vaiita hove, kwete sainzi. Airatidzika chiedza kuBhetisaidha.

Muvhangeri zvakashamisa Zvisinei, vamwe, Mweya wakagona vasina, anokudzwa, chero kuremekedza hakusi hunoshamisa munhu. Pashure pezvose, akazivisa kuti hapana akatidzidzisa hapana vamwe vaevhangeri.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nokuti evhangeri zimukadzimu Kristu uye kusingagumi kwake haritauri chinhu kwekuva inoshanda, pane ngozi kuti vanhu vakasungwa pasi usingagoni kufunga chinhu mukuru, funga kuti Kristu Genesis yakatangwa chete pashure pakuberekwa kwake Mary, kwete kuberekwa wababa vake pamberi nyika.

Iri kurasika iyi mhanya Samosatskiy Pavel. Ndokusaka rinobwinya John Zvisinei akaparidza kuberekwa zvinhu kumusoro, nezvokuvaka, uye kuberekwa Shoko. Nokuti inoti: "Zvino shoko rakava nyama" (Johani 1: 14).

Tinopa mumwe zvinoshamisa mamiriro ezvinhu ari Johane Evangelist. Kureva, ndiyo chete, uye ane vanaamai matatu: Mother Salome, kutinhira, nekuda kwenzwi zvikuru yeEvhangeri, ndiye "mwanakomana kutinhira" (. Mako 3:17), uye neMhandara Maria. Nei Mhandara? Hongu, nokuti kwakanyorwa kuchinzi: "Tarirai, mai venyu!" (Johani 19:27.).

Aiva mangwanani shoko (Johane 1: 1.)

Saka, chidzidzo mberi kududzirwa Gospel Theophylact Bulgarian. Zvinodzidziswa Evangelist akati mumashoko okusuma, izvozvo anodzokorora, uye zvino apo vamwe vafundisi kuudza panguva urefu pamusoro pokuberekwa Jehovha panyika, ake Marererwo uye zvibereko John asingatsigiri zviitiko izvi, sezvo vaanodzidza navo pamusoro pavo zvikuru zvakawanda akati. Anotungamirira hurukuro pamusoro uMwari, akava murume pakati pedu.

Zvisinei, kana munhu akanaka kunyatsotarisa, unogona kuona kuti vaya, kunyange zvazvo asina kuvanzika mashoko pamusoro uMwari woga, asi taura zvose zvakafanana zvishoma, uye John, maziso ake ngadzirambe Shoko raMwari, akasimbisa eMweya zimukadzimu. Nokuti mweya zvose neKomisheni noMweya mumwe.

Hachisi kududzirwa Gospel Theophylact Bulgarian kudzidza kwechokwadi wainakidza chaizvo? Tikaramba mberi vanyatsoziva uyu basa rinoshamisa pachavo. Chii John anoti kwatiri? Iye anotiudza pamusoro Mwanakomana naBaba. Iye anotaura kuti magumo kuvapo Mumwe Oga paanoti: "Raiva Shoko pakutanga," ndiko kuti, kubvira pakutanga zvakanga. Nokuti chii chakaitika kubvira pakutanga, mukuwedzera, Chokwadi, hariwaniki imwe nguva apo akanga asina.

"Location - muchakumbira vamwe - zvinogona tsunga kuti mashoko okuti" pakutanga rakanga Chaizvoizvo, apo "rinoreva zvakafanana kuti kubvira pakutanga?"? Sezvo kunzwisisa yakajairika, uye vazhinji yezvechitendero ichi. Nokuti anoti rimwe zvinyorwa ake: "kuti kubvira pakutanga yave kuti isu ndamboona ..." (1 Johani 1: 1.).

Theophylact Bulgarian dudziro iri kujairika. Vanotikumbira kuti tinoona akasarudzwa pachake anotsanangura? Iye anoti saka kuudza kubvunza. Asi anonzwisisa kuti "pakutanga" uyewo Mosesi: "Mwari akasika pakutanga" (Gen. 1: 1.). Sei mashoko okuti "pakutanga" asingadi kupa kunzwisisa, sezvo kana denga nokusingaperi, uye pano haadi kutsanangura shoko "pakutanga" sokunge umwe woga kusingaperi. Chokwadi, vanoti saka chete Vatsauki. On kupenga nokutsungirira ichi hatina sarudzo asi kuti, somuzivi chezvakaipa! Munofunganyirei akanyarara pamusoro zvinotevera? Asi isu tichati ichi pamusoro kwenyu!

Kazhinji Theophylact Bulgarian dudziro kunotungamirira zvichiratidza siyana pamusoro kuvapo. Pano, Somuenzaniso, Mosesi akati kuti Mwari pakutanga akasika denga nenyika kuti kwedenga, uye inoti pakutanga "rakanga" Shoko. Ndezvipi zvakafanana pakati "akasika" uye "akanga"? Uye kana pane zvakanyorwa "pakutanga Mwari akasika Mwanakomana," muevhangeri angadai akati chinhu. Asi ikozvino, pashure akati "pakutanga akanga" Iye anopedzisa, kuti shoko remakore, hakuna, asi kwete nokufamba kwenguva chichigamuchirwa sezvo vazhinji Jabberwocky.

Hazvina dudziro Theophylact pamusoro Bulgaria kwechokwadi chaizvo dambudziko iri verenga kunze? Saka nei Johani haana kutaura kuti "pakutanga aiva Mwanakomana," asi - "Shoko"? The Evangelist inoti kuti zvakanzi akati nekuda kwekuneta vateereri, kuti isu anzwa Mwanakomana kubva pakutanga kwenyama kwete kuberekwa vaneshungu pfungwa. Nokuti "pfupi" kukudana kuziva kuti zvose pfungwa dispassionate shoko anozvarwa, uye iye akaberekwa kubva baba vake zvakadzikama.

Uye imwe tsananguro akaritumidza "Shoko" nokuti akatiudza nezveunhu yababa vake, uyewo shoko anozivisa pfungwa. Uye pamwe chete, kuitira kuti tikwanise kuona kuti ndiye Baba, co-nokusingaperi. Nokuti sezvo hazvibviri nharo kuti pfungwa iri kazhinji zvinoitika pasina mashoko, uye Baba uye Mwari haagoni kurarama pasina Mwanakomana.

General kududzirwa Theophylact pamusoro Bulgaria zvinoratidza kuti Johani rakashandisa aya nokuti pane yakawanda mashoko akasiyana aMwari, akadai mirairo, uprofita, sezvo ngirozi akati, "simba simba, muite kuda kwake" (Pis 102 :. 20), kureva kuti, mirairo yake. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti shoko ndiro private isangano.

Zvijeke pamusoro Epistle kuvaRoma vavakaropafadzwa Mupositora Pauro

Dudziro Itsva Testament muvhangeri ane vanhu kungoramba verenga magwaro. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokuziva pavo nokuti haanyepi kune uyo anoti: tsvakai uye kuwana, nekugogodza uye rinofanira kuvhurwa kwamuri (Mateo 7: 7.). With ichi tava neZvapupu chakavanzika shoko wakaropafadzwa Mupositora Pauro, chete vanofanira kuverenga mashoko aya nokungwarira uye nguva dzose.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvose dzidziso muapostora shoko kupfuura izvi. Ndizvozvo, nokuti zvakawanda zvose vakashanda uye wakawana norupo chikomborero noMweya. Zviya, izvi zvinogona kuonekwa kwete chete kubva tsamba yake, asi zvakare Apostolic Acts, iyo inoti kuti akakwana rokuti vasingatendi akamudana Hermes (Mabasa. 14:12).

Dudziro Blazhennogo Feofilakta Bulgarian anoratidza zvinotevera nuances: kutanga, tinokurudzirwa Romans kwete nokuti vanofunga ivo vakanyora pamberi mamwe mashoko. Saka, asati Mutsamba yokuvaRoma vakasikwa vose nhau vaKorinde, uye pamusoro pawo zvakanyorwa kuti Epistle vaTesaronika, umo wakaropafadzwa Pauro rumbidzo anovaudza varombo, akatuma kuJerusarema (1 VaTesaronika 4: 9 - 10; 2 VaK ... 9: 2).

Uyezve, tsamba yokutanga kuvaRoma rakanyorwa zvakawanda uye Galatians. Pasinei neizvi, kududzirwa Gospel Mutsvene anotiudza kuti nevaRoma nezvimwe mashoko wakasika chaizvo pakutanga. Nei pakutanga? Hongu, nokuti Matsvene havadi munhevedzano yokuverengwa kwenguva. Uye vaprofita gumi, kana yataura navo kuti yavanofanira inoiswa mabhuku matsvene, kwete kutevera mumwe nguva, asi dzakaparadzaniswa zvikuru akareba.

Uye Pauro akanyorera vaRoma chete nokuti akatakura basa rinoera kwemutemo ushumiri kwaKristu. Uyezve, vaRoma vaiona primates zvakasikwa, nokuti uyo anounza musoro nani, kuti kwaibatsira pamusoro vamwe muviri.

Paul (VaRoma 1: 1.)

Vazhinji muvhangeri Theophylact Bulgarian vachinzwisisa sezvo upenyu guide. Chaizvoizvo riri basa inokosha chaizvo. Nenzira, anoti, kuti kana Moses kana vaevhangeri kana kubva munhu haana kunyora mazita avo pamberi yake nziyo, sezvo Pauro anotaura zita rake pamberi neimwe mharidzo. nuance Izvi nokuti ruzhinji achinyora kuti kurarama pamwe navo, uye akatuma shoko kure uye maererano netsika akaita kazhinji unhu hwaainahwo mashoko.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Epistle vaHebheru, haadaro. Pashure pezvose, vakamuvenga, uye saizvozvo, kunzwa zita rake havana kurega kumuteerera, ndakavanza zita rake kubva pakutanga.

Nei iye kubva waSauro zita pachake Paul? Kuti arege kuva kuvatumwa mukuru vaapostora, kuti zita Kefasi, zvichireva "ibwe", kana vanakomana vaZebhedhi, yainzi Bhoanajisi, ndiko, vanakomana vekutinhira.

nhapwa

Chii uranda? Rine mhando dzakawanda. Ko varanda pakusikwa zvakanyorwa (Pisarema 118 :. 91). Ko uranda kuburikidza nokutenda, izvo vanoti, "takatanga kuona mufananidzo madzidzisiro ramakanyora wakapedzera isu" (VaRoma 6:17.). More uranda chiri mufananidzo yokuva Mosesi, muranda waMwari anonzi pabasa iri. Paul ndiye "muranda" muna izvi siyana.

Tinotarisira izvi nyaya achawana iwe Kunyatsoziva akakurumbira basa Feofilakt uye zvichabatsira mune ramangwana, zvakadzama kudzidza zvaakanyora.