The zvikamu zviri yemapapu. Reed bapu zvikamu

Mumapapu ndivo huru kufema hurongwa. Vazadze yose mubhokisi mhango pamwe Kusara mediastinum. Next, funga zvikuru mabasa zvitunha izvi. Pepa kuchaitawo kutsanangura kuwanda uye chiedza zvikamu.

mabasa

Mumapapu gasi Exchange kunoitika. Izvi ndizvo Absorção de Água reokisijeni kubva mhepo alveolar ropa erythrocytes uye excretion kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa ari lumen kuparara mvura uye gasi. Saka, mumapapu voitakura kunze zvakakwana kushamwaridzana tsinga, ropa uye node midziyo, uye Airways. Yokupedzisira kunotanga tanga zvokukura phylogenetic embryonic kukura.

The mwero kufefetedza, uyewo ropa aibuda zvazvingava, gasi aibuda mwero kuburikidza diffuse alveolar-rirambe richibvira Kamudzira ukobvu uye elasticity pamusoro kwakavharwa nenyama marangwanda, Chizenga saturation, uye zvimwe zvinhu kuona padanho Kuwanikwa okisijeni. Kana kushandura munhu chakarurama kutyora ari physiology kufema uye zvinogona kukonzera zvinoverengeka dzichipfekeka zvirwere.

Madhipatimendi: General ruzivo

Human zvemapapu zvikamu vanomiririra zvikamu parenchyma. Vanopinda tsinga uye bronchus. At arikunze zvinhu zviri spliced. Kusiyana zvemapapu lobes, zvikamu yeimwe regai kumumanikidza chaiyoiyo connective interlayers. Mumwe chinhu ari muchimiro cone. Muromo inoendeswa pasuwo yemapapu, nechigadziko - pemvura. Branch mutsinga vavete mapfundo. The akasiya zvemapapu zvikamu zvipfumbamwe. The pedyo dzomuviri 10 aripo. The akasiya zvemapapu unotora lobes maviri. Right ine zvikamu zvitatu. Panyaya iyi, womukati nechivako kwavo siyanei. The kuruboshwe nechepasi akafukidza oga chidimbu 4. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

1. Nizhnezadny.
2. Nizhnenaruzhny.
3. Nizhnevnutrenny.
4. Upper.

Kunewo rutsanga bapu zvikamu:

• Lower.
• Upper.

Nechepasi ruoko rworuboshwe runoonekwa kunyatsokurudzira zvakakodzera kuti govera zvikamu zvina. Izvi imhaka yokuti rezasi kumberi uye dzimwe madhipatimendi zvinosanganisira nevakawanda bronchus.

The zvikamu rwerudyi zvemapapu: Front Desk

Nzvimbo iyi iri dorsally kubva apical. Muna chidimbu 5 kusiyanisa miganhu. Vaviri vavo projected pakati apical, repamusoro uye posterior pamusoro medial pamusoro. miganhu matatu ari rumbabvu pamusoro. Jumper izvo vanoumba Anterior uye posterior zvikamu zviri zvemapapu, ane wehunyambiri nemunhu. Kusvika tsinga, tsinga uye bronchus chinjika nhengo achaendeswa kubva medial divi pasuwo kwetsinga pleural penyika kana kubva kutanga chinjikira paburi mugove. Pakati tsinga uye tsinga yaiva segmental bronchus. A ropa mugero chinjika maatomu akafanana machira kuti mugaba mberi. Pamwe chete, vari nhengo ari pulmonary tsinga. Pakati II uye IV rumbabvu ndiro projected padenga pemvura sternum posterior chidimbu.

nharaunda kumberi

chidimbu ichi riri mune repamusoro akafukidza. Anogona kuva miganhu shanu. Two nhema pamusoro medial pamusoro. Vanobvumirana apical uye Anterior, medial uye Anterior zvikamu zviri yemapapu. miganhu matatu nhema pamusoro pechiso mbabvu. Vanobvumirana medial, Anterior uye lateral, posterior uye Anterior, apical uye Anterior zvikamu. Tsinga rinoenderera pamusoro mukuru webazi. Hwakadzika bronchus ndiye Vienna. Ngachipiwe muchimiro inflow kubva yokumusoro webazi. Bronchus uye midziyo iri chidimbu panguva kwetsinga ari medial pleura anogona kusungira negedhi. The mapazi pamberi iri munharaunda II-IV mbabvu.

lateral Front

chidimbu Izvi projected kubva medial chete sezvo rakamanikana bhendi, izvo anomhanya kupfuura interlobar oblique mirefu. Bronchus iri vaifarira namanhede. Maererano chidimbu ichi iri seri yapakati akafukidza. Iye anogona kuoneka pechiso mbabvu. Munguva dhipatimendi pane miganhu shanu. Vaviri ambovavatisa pasi medial penyika, mekuparadzanisa mberi uye lateral, lateral uye medial zvikamu zviri yemapapu. Wokutanga muganhu nhema maererano kuguma chikamu oblique paburi. vamwe Three - dziri pamusoro pechiso zenze muviri. Vanobvumirana medial uye lateral zvikamu vechiedza pakati.

muganhu Wokutanga rinomhanya vertically. It anoenda kubva chinjikira muforo muzinda kusvika kumucheto jeko. muganhu wechipiri anomhanya pakati pamberi uye lateral zvikamu. Zvinonzi dzichienderana chete chinjikira paburi. Muganhu wechitatu neVadzidzi posterior uye Anterior zvikamu repasi akafukidza. Vienna, tsinga uye bronchus zviri zvakadzika. Approach kwavari zvinogoneka chete pasi pasuwo oblique paburi. Lateral chidimbu iri munzvimbo pakati mbabvu IV-VI.

medial

Iye kunoonekwa sezvo medial, uye mukadzi nembabvu hukawanika pakati akafukidza. Munguva dhipatimendi pane ina kumuganhu. Two kuparadzanisa medial chikamu nechepasi divi uye yokumusoro mberi nhengo. muganhu wechipiri rinobatana pamwe oblique paburi. Chokutanga - azvaitwa Zara pamberi chinjikira rusesi. Pazuva costal nomumativi anopfuura miganhu maviri. Mumwe rinotanga kubva pakati mapazi nechemberi muforo chinjikira anodonha akananga kuguma oblique mugove. Wechipiri kumberi muganhu chidimbu anosiiwa ari medial. The mutsetse rinobatana ane chinjikira paburi iri. Kubva mapazi tsinga ezasi unotsauka segmental bazi. Pasi ndizvo bronchitis uye sendimita Vienna. Segmental kusvika kuna pedicle rinoitwa kuburikidza pasi pasuwo interlobar oblique paburi. Muganhu pechipfuva yaiva munharaunda IV-VI mbabvu axillary midline.

Upper dzikisa mugove vakaparadzana

chidimbu ichi chiri pamusoro. Mumunda III-VII mbabvu ari chikamu anomhanya miganhu maviri. Mumwe inopfuura pakati okumusoro nokupesana rwemberi chidimbu rokumusoro akafukidza. Muganhu anomhanya achitevedza oblique paburi. The mutsetse wechipiri ari okumusoro zvikamu repasi chikamu. Kuti uone miganhu kuramba nharaunda pamberi pamusoro chinjikira paburi iri nzvimbo kubatana kwayo kusvikira ruka. Yokumusoro chidimbu zvakakodzera tsinga ezasi kunopindirana mudziyo mapazi. Below ndiro bronchus, etc. - Vienna. Access kugedhi zvinogoneka achishandisa oblique interlobar sulcus.

Medial basal

chidimbu iyi akaiswa pamusoro medial divi pazasi pulmonary chipfuro. The Dhipatimendi iri neVadzidzi muduku vena cava uye zvakarurama atrium. Muganhu chidimbu anosiiwa neshure, lateral uye mberi. Kubva mapazi tsinga iri dhipatimendi mudziyo unotsauka yakaderera. The chepamusorosoro Chikamu lobar bronchus segmental bronchus anonzi. Below ndiye Vienna, rakateurwa makadzika rworudyi chikamu chikuru.

Anterior basal

chidimbu ichi chiri yepazasi akafukidza, ari Anterior mugove waro. nzvimbo yayo pamusoro sternum anoenderana VI-VIII mbabvu axillary midline. Munguva dhipatimendi pane miganhu matatu. The mutsetse wokutanga anomhanya pakati lateral uye Anterior chidimbu yapakati akafukidza. It rinoenderana oblique kutsemuka uku. The fungidziro riri pamuganhu rechipiri rinobatana pamwe medial pose kutanga shwashwa. Mutsetse wechitatu anomhanya pakati rokumusoro uye Anterior chidimbu. Tsinga rinotanga kubva zvachose ropa mugero repasi yebazi. Bronchus chinoita kure muitiro lobar homonymous maatomu akafanana. Vienna chikamu rezasi huru vabati vechibharo. Bronchus uye tsinga chinooneka mujinga pasi oblique grooves pasi visceral pleura. Vienna inowanikwa pasi shwashwa.

Basal lateral kupesana

chidimbu ichi zvinogona kuonekwa pamusoro diaphragm uye rumbabvu mativi yemapapu. Zvinowanikwa munzvimbo pakati pedzimwe VII-IX Mahwendefa necheseri axillary mutsetse. Mariri pane miganhu matatu. Kutanga kunosvika pakati pamberi uye lateral zvikamu. Last medial uye migove muganhu yechipiri. Mutsetse wechitatu anomhanya pakati zveshure uye lateral zvikamu. Bronchus uye tsinga nhema pamusoro pasi oblique paburi, Vienna - boka.

Basal Kaudha

chidimbu ichi iri papi mu rezasi akafukidza. Ari neVadzidzi nomuzongoza. Chidimbu inoremekedzwa nzvimbo iri VII-X mbabvu. Munguva dhipatimendi pane miganhu maviri. Ivo vanoparadzaniswa rwemberi chidimbu rokumusoro uye lateral. Vienna, bronchus uye tsinga nhema ari kudzika oblique grooves. Kana kuvhiya kupindira vava kuwanika zvakanaka kune medial divi rezasi akafukidza.

Zvikamu zviri vakasiya bapu

Pamusoro pane zvinotevera madhipatimendi:

1. Apical. Ndiye anenge yakafanana mumwechete zita chidimbu rwerudyi zvemapapu. Vienna, bronchus uye tsinga iri pamusoro pesuwo.
2. The rwemberi. Its repasi muganhu V hunoenda kumucheto. Posterior uye apical zvikamu zviri vakasiya zvemapapu rinonyanya kubatanidzwa mune imwe.
3. Front. Muganhu Its repasi nhema yakatambarara hama kuti rumbabvu III.

Reed akasiya bapu zvikamu:

1. Front. Zvayaiva pamusoro pachiyero IV-VI kwamahwendefa nerumbabvu uye medial mumagakava III-V uye evaMedhia mbabvu axillary mutsetse.
2. Lower. Riri pasi yapfuura dhipatimendi. Muganhu Its rinobatana pamwe paburi. Rezasi uye yokumusoro rutsanga zvemapapu zvikamu kwakaparadzaniswa pakati pakati cardiac notch.

Sections repasi chikamu uwirirane chete iri pakatarisana nenyere.

Kuvhiya kupindira: zvairatidza

ayo resection akaita zvaipesana mugove upi (zvinomuomera kuikanganwa). Izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvinotevera nyaya:

1. Kuparadzwa zvinyama pamusoro yaitwa kuzvimba, kukonzerwa chirwere (tibhii, zvikurukuru).
2. Degeneration zvemapapu panguva kuwanda mapundu (nyanyisa uye benign).
3. Vawana kana vachiberekwa inotungamirwa negomba nzvimbo.
4. Purulent disintegration of jira tikafunga wandei pathologies.
5. Injury.

weboka oparesheni

Kazhinji, izvozvo ndizvo. Sezvo chiedza zvakavigwa sternum, tevere nani kupinda kwavari akaita incision pakati mbabvu. Ipapo kufurira ndiro chaiwo chokushandisa. Zvinoenderana kukura lesion rinoitwa resection pamusoro anatomical uye dzichipfekeka maatomu akafanana. Somuenzaniso, kubviswa kunogona kuitwa zvemapapu chidimbu. The anofambidzana siyana resection vangagara madhipatimendi akawanda pakarepo.

Rinogonawo kupedzwa lobectomy. Kupindira Izvi zvinosanganisira kubviswa muviri zvinoenderana. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki Muzviitiko, resection achikanganisa rinoitwa. oparesheni Izvi atypical. Rinomirira suturing uye kubviswa mugove dzaparadzwa Kurutivi rwokunze yacho yemapapu. Kazhinji, kwakadai resection kuitwa pamwe kukuvara, dzakasiyana shoma kukuvara.